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At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Impact of oral health on quality of life among the elderly population of Joaçaba, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of oral health conditions on the quality of life of elderly people in Joaçaba - SC, in Southern Brazil. A survey based on systematic sampling of clusters was carried out with 183 elderly people that belong to old age groups. The survey was conducted in order to assess the oral conditions of the participants (use of and need for prosthesis) based on the criteria from the World Health Organization publication "Oral Health Surveys, Basic Methods", 4th edition. The oral health impact profile (OHIP) was used to evaluate the impact of oral condition in the quality of life. ABIPEME (Brazilian Association of Market Research Institutes) criterion was used, together with the level of education and the number of people in the household to determine social inequalities. The participants were mostly women (82%) and the OHIP mean was 10.35. No correlation was observed between the OHIP level and formal education or between OHIP and number of residents per household. There was a correlation of 0.240 (p = 0.001) between ABIPEME and OHIP. The OHIP mean for those not using maxillary prosthesis was 12.48 and the mean for those using it was 9.81 (p = 0.399). The mean OHIP for those in need of maxillary prosthesis for those who did not need it was 13.00 and 8.88, respectively (p = 0.014). The same trend was found for the use and need for mandibular prosthesis. The conclusion was that the need for maxillary and mandibular prosthesis impacted the quality of life among the elderly population of Joaçaba.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interpretations ... adverse drug reactions.

The Standards Interpretation Committee recently approved the following interpretations concerning the definition and review of adverse drug reactions, as well as the review of surgical and other invasive procedures. The latter interpretation is based on standards revisions that appear in the Accreditation Manual for Hospitals (AMH), Volume I, 1992 edition.

Accreditation↗
PubMed2001

[Herwig Hamperl in Prague].

Prof. Herwig Hamperl, M.D. (1899-1976), Chairman of the German Institute of Pathology, Charles University, Prague in years 1940-1945. The account of his work in Prague is first of all based on his autobiography (A Pathologist's Life and Evolution), published in 1972 in a German edition only. It describes the history of the university and conditions of work in the German Institute of Pathology 60 years ago. Hamperl recalls here his contemporaries, his relationships with the Czech pathologists, Prof. Sikl and his Czech students. The autopsy and the cause of death of Reinhard Heydrich are reported as well as the situation at the university and in Prague during the war years.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2002

Indexing of Internet resources in order to improve the provision of problem-relevant medical information.

Due to the information overload and the unstructured access to (medical) information of the internet, it isn't hardly possible to find problem-relevant medical information in an appropriate time (e.g. during a consultation). The web offers a mixture of web pages, forums, newsgroups and databases. The search for problem-relevant information for a certain knowledge area encounters on two basic problems. On the one hand, you have to find in the jungle of the information, relevant resources for your individual clinical case (treatment, diagnosis, therapeutic option etc..). The second problem consists of being able to judge the quality of individual contents of inteernet pages. On the basis of the different informational needs of health care professionals and patients a catalog with inteernet resources was created to tumor diseases such as lung cancer (small cell and non-small cell carcinoma), colorectal cancer and thyroid cancer. Explicit and implicit metainformation, if available, such as the title of the document, language, date or keywords are stored in the database. The database entries are editorially revised, so that further specific metainformation is available for the information retrieval. Our pragmatic approach of searching, editing, and archiving of internet content is still necessary since most of the web documents are based on HTML, which doesn't allow for structuring (medical) information and assigning metainformation sufficiently. The use of specific metainformation is crucial in order to improve the recall and precision of internet searches. In the future, XML and related technologies (RDF) will meet these requirements.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2005

[JCCLS phlebotomy standards].

In 2004, the Japanese Committee of Clinical Laboratory Standards (JCCLS) published a standard phlebotomy guideline, which not only ensures the safety of the patients and phlebotomists but is adopted to the healthcare setting in Japan. This phlebotomy standard is also essential for the standardization of clinical laboratory tests. This guideline was completed on the basis of current phlebotomy procedures widely in use in Japan using phlebotomy standards in the USA as references, while reconsidering their scientific reasoning as far as possible. At the same time, factors such as practicality and cost benefit were taken into account. The content of the guideline includes necessary facilities and equipment, a step by step safe but practical venipuncture procedure, an explanation of the individual steps, and other supplementary information such as alternative methods. The first edition, published as tentative guideline, is planned to be revised after a set period of time based on the comments and suggestions from a wide range of people concerned, so that it can be published as an approved guideline.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed2006

[A searching system of parasite pictures and relevant information].

Over 3,000 pictures on five major parasites (schistosome, filaria, hookworm, leishmania and plasmodium) collected between 1950 and 1990 were edited and a searching system was established. The data can be used with a network-based version through a LAN system in the Institute. The adoption of Digital Computerized Management makes it possible for sharing resources in human parasitology.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The problem-oriented medical synopsis: coding, indexing, and classification sub-model.

A clinical information system consists of four major components: the clinical database, decision support, data analysis (including outcomes), and the development system. We have created such a system using generally available database methodology. The system is documented using a conceptual model, a physical model, and sub-models for individual components. A key sub-model of the clinical database, for record-keeping, has been defined for coding, indexing, and classification of the medical narrative typically encountered in medical records. We describe an approach to the development of the coding component that results in a hybrid system for recording information, locating indexed information, and summarizing it for analysis of outcomes. These are based on a primary term list--the problem glossary; SNOMed--the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (3rd. edition); and ICD-9-CM. The relationship with the UMLS is also discussed.

Medical Records Systems, Computerized↗
PubMed1995

Internet for teaching and learning introductory health informatics.

Internet resources seem attractive for teaching and learning. But are they usable and useful in their present form? We explored Internet, in particular its World Wide Web (WWW) resources, in a course on "Medical Methodology" (HINF270) for students of health information science. This course offers a systematic overview of the methodological principles of clinical care. Its broad scope and low depth makes this course a reasonable model to explore the limits of WWW resources. During the course, students wrote summaries of individual lectures. After critiquing and appropriate corrections, the texts were edited with Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) and augmented with links to WWW resources. Grading based on the papers, on their improvements through HTML and WWW, and on the provision of information on the search experience were incentives to use WWW. A formal questionnaire, administered on-line on a voluntary basis, concluded the investigation. Results show: 1) Even under considerable pressure to use WWW, libraries remain the reference source of choice for research; 2) Internet provides entertainment appeal even though practical utility is currently limited; 3) Technological proficiency with HTML and search engines is perceived as an asset; 4) Varying availability of Internet resources, uncertain and varying quality of sources, and limited specificity of research results are the major disadvantages of WWW. The teaching implications of these findings are discussed.

British Columbia↗
PubMed1996

Construction of a self-complementary nucleoside from deoxyguanosine.

The 8-hydroxyguanine:adenine mispairing scheme that spontaneously occurs in vivo through oxidative metabolism of DNA was edited to obtain a pair closely fitting the Watson-Crick geometry in which 2 purine bases of identical structure but oppositely rotated in the syn and anti configurations are hydrogen-bonded. The structure thus designed, 2-amino-8-hydroxypurine, was synthesized as a DNA precursor from deoxyguanosine in 8 steps by oxidation at carbon 8 of guanine followed by reduction at carbon 6. Polydeoxynucleotides embodying this self-complementary base are expected to undergo direct copying processes through polymerase catalysis.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1996

[Treatment outcome of 288 cases of renal cell carcinoma].

The clinical outcome was analyzed on 288 patients with renal cell carcinoma who were admitted to the Niigata Cancer Center Hospital during the 33 years from 1961 to 1993; 254 patients had had nephrectomy and 244 of them had undergone curable operations. The survival rate was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The 3-, 5- and 10-year survival rates by all causes of death in all 288 patients were 64.8, 55.9 and 36.4%, respectively. According to the stage based on the general rules for clinical and pathological studies on renal cell carcinoma (The 2nd Edition), the 5-year survival rate was 89.5, 78.7, 51.1 and 13.7% for stages I (n = 31), II (n = 128), III (n = 38) and IV (n = 83), respectively. The 5-year survival rate for the patients (n = 88) from 1961 to 1985 was 40.9%, while the rate for the patients (n = 200) from 1986 to 1993 was 64.3%. This improvement of survival rate for the patients after 1986 was brought by the increase of the stage I or II cases and by the improvement of the survival in the stage III cases after 1986. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate for the patients over 50 years old was 55.5%, while the rate for the patients under 50 years old was 83.6%. Female, low pT, low grade and small tumor size were proven to be favourable prognostic factors in renal cell carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

RNA editing of brain glutamate receptor channels: mechanism and physiology.

Glutamate-gated cation selective channels mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian brain. Functionally critical channel positions contain amino acid residues not predicted from the exonic sequence for the channel subunits. The codons for these residues are created in the respective primary gene transcripts by the site selective deamination of adenosine to inosine. This type of RNA editing requires a short double-stranded RNA structure formed by the exonic sequence around the adenosine targeted for deamination with a complementary sequence in the downstream intron and hence, it precedes splicing. Candidate enzymes for nuclear transcript editing currently comprise three molecularly cloned mammalian RNA-dependent adenosine deaminases. Two of these are expressed in most body tissues, perhaps indicating that adenosine deamination in transcripts is more global than has been recognized. Indeed, numerous mRNAs in different tissues may contain inosine residues and encode proteins with amino acid substitutions and different properties relative to the exonically encoded forms. If so, RNA editing by adenosine deamination may significantly enlarge the functional repertoire of the mammalian genome.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2025

Design of optimized epigenetic regulators for durable gene silencing with application to PCSK9 in nonhuman primates.

Epigenetic editing is a promising strategy for modifying gene expression while avoiding the permanent alterations and potential genotoxicity of genome-editing technologies. Here we designed optimized epigenetic regulators (EpiRegs) by testing combinations of transcription activator-like effector (TALE)-based and catalytically deactivated Cas9 (dCas9)-based epigenetic modification effectors and fusion protein structures. TALE-based EpiReg (EpiReg-T) achieved a final efficiency of 98% in mice, surpassing the initial dCas9-based efficiency of 64%. We demonstrated the approach in macaques by introducing DNA methylation and histone modifications to inhibit proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) expression, thereby lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. A single dose of EpiReg-T delivered with lipid nanoparticles achieved efficient (>90%) and long-lasting (343 days) silencing of PCSK9 in the liver. Integrative multiomic analyses revealed minimal off-target effects in EpiReg-T-treated monkeys, mice and human-derived cells. EpiReg can be redirected to other genes by reengineering the DNA-binding domain. Our findings represent a step toward the clinical application of epigenetic editing for the treatment of human diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Decision support and knowledge management in oncology using hierarchical classification.

This paper presents the KASIMIR research project for the management of decision protocols in oncology. A decision protocol is a kind of decision tree implemented in an object-based representation formalism. A reasoner based on such a formalism and on hierarchical classification is coupled with a knowledge editor. This association provides an assistance for editing and maintenance of protocols, enabling the detection of errors and the comparison between versions of the protocol. In this way, a management of protocols takes fully advantage of the underlying knowledge representation and reasoning tools. This straightforward use of the protocol may be insufficient in some situations. Then, the protocol may have to be adapted for these situations. A study of protocol adaptation is presented. In particular a reasoner based on a combination of hierarchical classification and fuzzy logic is introduced.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

[Saved from oblivion. Comments on the English edition of Isidor Sadger's "Recollecting Freud"].

The fact that Isidor Sadger, Freud's self-proclaimed earliest pupil, had written and published his recollections of Freud, has been known for many years. But it had proved impossible to locate a copy of Sadger's book. Now an English version has appeared (to be followed soon by the German original). This paper, based on archival sources, tells the dramatic story of Sadger's book, discusses its strengths and weaknesses and assesses the scholarship and translation of the English edition.

Biographies as Topic↗
PubMed2002

Divergent intron conservation in the mitochondrial nad2 gene: signatures for the three bryophyte classes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts) and the lycophytes.

The slow-evolving mitochondrial DNAs of plants have potentially conserved information on the phylogenetic branching of the earliest land plants. We present the nad2 gene structures in hornworts and liverworts and in the presumptive earliest-branching vascular land plant clade, the Lycopodiopsida. Taken together with the recently obtained nad2 data for mosses, each class of bryophytes presents another pattern of angiosperm-type introns conserved in nad2: intron nad2i1 in mosses; intron nad2i3 in liverworts; and both introns, nad2i3 and nad2i4, in hornworts. The lycopods Isoetes and Lycopodium show diverging intron conservation and feature a unique novel intron, termed nad2i3b. Hence, mitochondrial introns in general are positionally stable in the bryophytes and provide significant intraclade phylogenetic information, but the nad2 introns, in particular, cannot resolve the interclade relationships of the bryophyte classes and to the tracheophytes. The necessity for RNA editing to reconstitute conserved codon entities in nad2 is obvious for all clades except the marchantiid liverworts. Finally, we find that particularly small group II introns appear as a general feature of the Isoetes chondriome. Plant mitochondrial peculiarities such as RNA editing frequency, U-to-C type of RNA editing, and small group II introns appear to be genus-specific rather than gene-specific features.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Mutagenesis of apobec-1 complementation factor reveals distinct domains that modulate RNA binding, protein-protein interaction with apobec-1, and complementation of C to U RNA-editing activity.

C to U editing of apolipoprotein B (apoB) RNA requires a multicomponent holoenzyme complex in which minimal constituents include apobec-1 and apobec-1 complementation factor (ACF). We have examined the predicted functional domains in ACF in binding apoB RNA, interaction with apobec-1, and complementation of RNA editing. We demonstrate that apoB RNA binding and apobec-1-interacting domains are defined by two partially overlapping regions containing the NH(2)-terminal RNA recognition motifs of ACF. Both apoB RNA binding and apobec-1 interaction are required for editing complementation activity. ACF is a nuclear protein that upon cotransfection with apobec-1 results in nuclear colocalization and redistribution of apobec-1 from the cytoplasm. ACF constructs with deletions or mutations in the putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) still localize in the nucleus of transfected cells but do not colocalize with apobec-1, the latter remaining predominantly cytoplasmic. These observations suggest that the putative NLS motif in ACF is not responsible for its nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking. By contrast, protein-protein interaction is important for the nuclear import of apobec-1. Taken together, these data suggest that functional complementation of C to U RNA editing by apobec-1 involves the NH(2)-terminal 380 residues of ACF.

APOBEC-1 Deaminase↗
PubMed2025

Design Rules for Expanding PAM Compatibility in CRISPR-Cas9 from the VQR, VRER and EQR variants.

Expanding the range of Protospacer Adjacent Motifs (PAMs) recognized by CRISPR-Cas9 is essential for broadening genome-editing applications. Here, we combine molecular dynamics simulations with graph-theory and centrality analyses to dissect the principles of PAM recognition in three Cas9 variants - VQR, VRER, and EQR - that target non-canonical PAMs. We show that efficient recognition is not dictated solely by direct contacts between PAM-interacting residues and DNA, but also by a distal network that stabilizes the PAM-binding domain and preserves long-range communication with REC3, a hub that relays signals to the HNH nuclease. A key role emerges for the D1135V/E substitution, which enables stable DNA binding by K1107 and preserves key DNA phosphate locking interactions via S1109, securing stable PAM engagement. In contrast, variants carrying only R-to-Q substitutions at PAM-contacting residues, though predicted to enhance adenine recognition, destabilize the PAM-binding cleft, perturb REC3 dynamics, and disrupt allosteric coupling to HNH. Together, these findings establish that PAM recognition requires local stabilization, distal coupling, and entropic tuning, rather than a simple consequence of base-specific contacts. This framework provides guiding principles for engineering Cas9 variants with expanded PAM compatibility and improved editing efficiency.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

RNA editing associated with the generation of two distinct conformations of the trypanosomatid Leptomonas collosoma 7SL RNA.

Analysis of the trypanosomatid Leptomonas collosoma 7SL RNA revealed the existence of two distinct stable 7SL RNA conformers (7SL I and II). Sequence analysis of the RNAs indicated a single base difference between the conformers at position 133 (C in 7SL II and U in 7SL I) located in domain III. This change appears to be the result of a post-transcriptional editing event, since the single-copy 7SL RNA gene codes exclusively for a C at this position. The edited form (7SL I) was found preferentially in the cytoplasm, and the pre-edited form in the nucleus. 7SL I is mainly bound to ribosomes, whereas 7SL II is more abundant in ribosome-free particles. Mutations introduced in regions outside the editing site were found to occur in a single conformation, suggesting that the editing event is not the only factor that determines the conformation of the molecule. This study is the first description of an editing event on a small RNA other than tRNA and is the first report of C --> U editing in trypanosomes. We propose a novel role for RNA editing in controlling the conformation of the 7SL RNA in vivo.

Animals↗