Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Back Muscles”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Changing motor patterns of the 3rd axillary muscle activities associated with longitudinal control in freely flying hawkmoths.

The 3rd axillary muscles (3AXMs) in the mesothorax in hawkmoths are direct flight muscles and pull forewings back along to the body axis. The 3AXMs are regarded as steering muscles because of their changeable activities during turning flight under tethered conditions. We investigated activities of the upper unit of the 3AXMs during free flight with a micro-telemetry device and captured body and wing movements by high-speed cameras. The 3AXM was activated with 1 to 3 spikes per each wingbeat cycle but sometimes ceased to fire. The phase of the onset of the activities was, even though it was variable, close to the phase of the elevator muscle activities. Therefore the upper unit of the 3AXM activities would affect upstroke properties phasically including wing retractions. We focused on longitudinal flight control and identified a correlation between the phase of the 3AXM and body pitch angle, which is important kinematical parameter for longitudinal control in insect flight. The phasic changes of the 3AXM activities would support quick changes in longitudinal control.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Deep-heating characteristics of an RF capacitive heating device.

An RF capacitive heating device was constructed and its deep-heating characteristics were studied using three mini-pigs. The deep-heating ability of RF capacitive heating was found to be improved by enlarging the electrodes, driving at 8 MHz, cooling the skin under the electrodes, inserting a bolus between the body and the electrodes and considering the anatomical structure of the body. The heating characteristics obtained were as follows. When applicators were placed on both sides of the abdomen of a mini-pig, 7 mm in fat layer thickness and 23 cm in lateral chest thickness, the increase in temperature of the deep part was greater than that of the fat layer. When applicators were placed on the posterior and anterior abdomen, overheating was noted in the fat and muscle near the back. The temperature was highest in a mock tumour, made by blocking blood flow to the spleen. The bio-heat equation revealed that RF capacitive heating accompanied by surface cooling at 10 degrees C could heat the deep portion of the body to 42 degrees C without excessive heating of a 1.6 cm thick fat layer.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1984

Postoperative intervertebral discitis.

Discitis is a rare complication of disc operation. During a 10-year-period 1100 patients were operated for lumbar disc herniation and only eight patients developed postoperative discitis. The symptoms began 3 weeks after the operation and the most prominent clinical feature was back pain with muscle spasm. The sedimentation rate was highly elevated but the body temperature was slightly elevated for only a few days. Typical radiographic findings were narrowing of the affected disc space and end-plate resorption 3-4 weeks after the initial symptoms. In the early phase, CT showed hypodense disc material in the affected disc space, which may be the first radiological sign of discitis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Specific features of kidney injuries altered by disease].

The degree of development of subcutaneous fat and muscles of the back, filling of the gastrointestinal tract, increase in intra-abdominal pressure, and pathological processes, specifically, cysts, hydronephrosis, tumors, pelvic stones, etc., play a significant role in the development of renal injuries. A case with a kidney rupture resultant from a slight trauma in a 19-year-old soldier is presented. Analysis of nephrectomy, review and intravenous excretory urography, and pathological examination of the removed kidney showed third-stage hydronephrosis. This diagnosis was significant for evaluation of the severity of corporal injuries and for determining the punishment for the guilty subject.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2004

[Specifics of regional metastases of adrenal malignant tumors].

Radicality of surgical treatment of the adrenal gland malignant tumor (AGMT) depends on its primary complete excision as well as all the regional metastases (RM). This trusts the necessity of studying of the regional metastatic spreading ways. There were investigated the regional metastatic spreading ways in 257 patients with AGMT, treated in 1968-2002 yrs in the clinic. In 33% of the patients with AGMT RM were revealed. Regional metastatic spreading was as usual lymphogenic one. RM were usually revealed in lymphatic nodes of renal hilus, paranephral and paraaortal fat tissue. That's why while doing the operative intervention for AGMT it is necessary to perform revision of the renal hilum lymphatic nodes, as well as paranephral and paraaortal fat tissue and muscles of the back.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Atraumatic subclavian vein thrombosis in a collegiate baseball player: a case report.

OBJECTIVE: To introduce the case of a collegiate baseball player who suffered an atraumatic subclavian vein thrombosis. This case presents an opportunity to discuss the diagnosis and treatment of a 22-year-old male with a thrombosis of his right subclavian vein. BACKGROUND: Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis is an uncommon vascular problem, occurring primarily in young, healthy, active people. Although the history and symptoms are often unremarkable, the condition can lead to complications if not correctly recognized and appropriately treated. In this case, the athlete reported tightness in his right biceps muscle and upper back after sleeping on his shoulder. The patient denied substance abuse or illegal anabolic steroid use, and these possibilities were ruled out as factors in the diagnosis and treatment. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Shoulder tendinitis, thoracic outlet syndrome, primary upper extremity thrombosis of the right subclavian vein. TREATMENT: After diagnosis, the patient was placed on blood thinners to dissolve the clot and referred to a vascular surgeon. The patient underwent a balloon angioplasty and later had the first rib removed. A second clot formed, and a stent was placed in the vein after the clot was removed by medication and another angioplasty procedure. He developed a pulmonary embolism during the stent procedure and was sent postoperatively to the intensive care unit, where he underwent therapeutic anticoagulation. After 10 weeks of therapy, the patient stopped all anticoagulant medication and returned to school to play baseball. UNIQUENESS: We present the atraumatic pathogenesis of a subclavian venous thrombosis in a young, active, and otherwise healthy college athlete with unremarkable predisposing factors. Within 24 hours after rib resection, the subclavian vein rethrombosed. The patient was thought to have experienced a small pulmonary embolus. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals who participate in athletics can develop atraumatic upper extremity deep venous thrombosis. Therefore, it is important that team physicians and certified athletic trainers be prepared to recognize the signs and symptoms of this condition to institute prompt, appropriate treatment.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Intracellular calcium regulation, with special attention to the role of the plasma membrane calcium pump.

Calcium is a signaling element of general importance to cells. In muscle, its key function is the activation of troponin C, which is essential for the contraction of myofibrils in skeletal and heart muscles, and of myosin light chain kinase, which is essential for the contraction of smooth muscles. Calcium modulates the latter enzyme through the calcium-binding protein calmodulin, which may also control other calcium-binding proteins involved in the contraction of smooth muscles. The control of calcium within cells requires the reversible and specific complexation by proteins that are either soluble in the cytoplasm (e.g., calmodulin), intrinsic to membranes (e.g., ATPases, Ca exchangers), or organized in nonmembranous structures (e.g., troponin C). Two Ca pumps (i.e., ATPases) are responsible for a large portion of the Ca movements across membrane barriers. One is located in sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum; in muscles, it moves back and forth the Ca2+ that is directly involved in the activation of the myofibrils. The other is located in the plasma membrane. Together with a Na/Ca exchanger that is also located there, it maintains the large Ca gradient normally existing between cells and extracellular spaces.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A case of dumbbell neurogenic tumor in the posterior mediastinum].

We have recently experienced a dumbbell tumor that developed in the posterior mediastinum in a 64-year-old male. The patient suffered from dorsalgia one year and a half previously. Chest X-ray examinations revealed a well-defined boundary in the right posterior mediastinum. Myelography followed by computerized tomographic scanning (CT) revealed that the tumor developed in a paravertebral area linked with a vertebral canal through an intervertebral foramen and destructed a rib in growing in the paraspinal muscular layer. Longitudinal incision of about 10 cm was made downward from immediately above the first thoracic spinous process, and the chest was opened by posterolateral incision extending into the muscles of the back in an arc shape. The tumor was entirely excised by additional laminectomy. Since malignant schwannoma was diagnosed histologically, Linac X-ray of 50 Gray was given. The patient is now enjoying his healthy daily life with no postoperative complication 2 years after operation. Myelography followed by CT was proved to be quite useful in evaluating a relationship between the tumor and the spinal cord in the diagnosis of this disease.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

[Thermography and radionuclide scintigraphy in reconstructive plastic operations following radical mastectomy].

Thermography is quite an informative and reliable method of examination of patients after reconstructive-plastic breast operations. It makes it possible to assess, with a sufficient degree of assurance, the blood circulation in a skin-muscular graft of the broadest muscle of the back, to diagnose capsule constrictive fibrosis, to detect foci of hyperthermia at the edge of endoprosthesis in the presence of bulky formations hidden by an implant, and can be recommended for the screening of such patients. In some cases scintigraphy makes it possible to differentiate between tumor and non-tumor origin of foci of lesions detected in endoprosthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Function of the arm after plastic surgery of defects of head and neck tissues using musculo-cutaneous flaps].

Under study was function of the upper extremity in 56 patients at different terms after plasty of defects of the head and neck with muscular-cutaneous flaps. The greatest restriction of movements in the humeral articulation was found after inclusion of the musculus trapezius into the flap. Formation of the free flap including the broadest muscle of the back resulted in a minimum restriction of the shoulder mobility. A year or more later contractures of the humeral articulation in the side of formation of the flap were noted in patients with paralysis of musculus trapezius and in patients who were not engaged in therapeutic physical training.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Systemic and regional blood flows during graded treadmill exercise in dogs.

The purpose of the study was to describe hemodynamic response and regional blood flows through various organs and tissues (microsphere technique) in dogs (n = 8), at rest and during mild (4 km/h, 13% slope; heart rate = 154 bpm), moderate (4 km/h, 26% slope; heart rate = 201 bpm), and severe (4 km/h, 39% slope; heart rate = 266 bpm) exercise on treadmill. Cardiac output (rest: 3.2 +/- 0.3; 39% slope: 10.2 +/- 1.3 l/min; mean +/- SE), systolic aortic pressure (rest: 122 +/- 4; 39% slope: 158 +/- 9 mm Hg), and left atrial pressure (rest: 5 +/- 0.7; 39% slope: 11.0 +/- 0.6 mm Hg) increased linearly with workload. On the contrary stroke volume increased from rest (35 +/- 2 ml) to mild (38 +/- 2 ml) and moderate (42 +/- 3 ml) exercise but decreased in response to the severe workload (38 +/- 5 ml). Regional blood flows across the brain, femoral bone, adrenal glands and temporalis muscle were not modified during exercise. On the contrary, a marked increase in regional blood flow was observed through the flexor and extensor muscles of the limb (X 5 to X 15), the muscles of the back (X 4) and the diaphragm (X 2.5). The small inconsistent increase in nutritional tongue blood flow probably underestimated the increased perfusion through arteriovenous shunts in the mucosa for heat-loss purposes. Myocardial blood flow increased in a linear fashion with work load in both ventricles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Update and review of chemonucleolysis.

To update the status of chymopapain in the treatment of herniated intervertebral discs, a review of the current literature and data from an unpublished Texas study are presented. Studies in animals and humans have consistently demonstrated that chymopapain can dissolve the nucleus pulposus. Twenty-eight uncontrolled and unblinded clinical trials involving 2845 patients showed a positive response rate of 75%. Side effects occurred in 2.4% of chymopapain-treated patients. Anaphylaxis, the most serious adverse reaction associated with chemonucleolysis, was noted in less than 1% of patients. No deaths were reported. The first double-blind, placebo-controlled study of chymopapain in the United States demonstrated no significant efficacy, but both the design and execution of the study have been criticized. Two recent double-blind, placebo-controlled studies showed success rates of 73% and 80% for chymopapain, significantly higher than for placebo treatment. Postinjection back pain and muscle spasm were the most common side effects related to chymopapain administration in one of the trials. In the uncontrolled Texas study the success rate in 408 patients treated by chymopapain was 93%. Chemonucleolysis has achieved a success rate comparable with that of surgery in the treatment of symptomatic herniated discs. Appropriate use of chymopapain can result in substantial savings in time and hospital costs.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1983

Experimental induction of benzodiazepine tolerance and physical dependence.

To initiate studies of benzodiazepine tolerance and physical dependence, a reproducible animal model has been developed utilizing chlordiazepoxide in rats. Based on the "chronically equivalent" dosing principle, a regimen has been devised to maintain rats in a state of quantifiable intoxication for 5 weeks. Chlordiazepoxide was delivered intragastrically on a b.i.d. basis in doses individually adjusted day-to-day and animal-to-animal to produce an equivalent impairment of motor function evaluated by a gross neurological screen. Quantitative analysis of central nervous system depression ratings during the time of peak effect (4 hr postdose) confirmed that the criterion of chronic equivalence was indeed met. Over the 5-week period of repeated dosing, tolerance was reflected in a 5-fold increase in maintenance dose, from 163.3 mg/kg on day 2 to 839.3 mg/kg on day 35. Tolerance developed more rapidly during the first 9 to 10 days, but continued to develop thereafter more slowly without apparent ceiling. Upon abrupt withdrawal, a syndrome of hyperexcitation developed. Signs included twitches, tremors, muscle hypertonus, arched back, piloerection, myoclonic jerks, augmented struggle and vocalization upon handling, increased startle response, tail erection, teeth chatter, blanched ears and weight loss. No spontaneous convulsions occurred. Latency to onset of withdrawal ranged from 2 to 5 days, and signs peaked in intensity in 8 days and disappeared by 14 days posttreatment. This animal model appears to provide a useful tool for the study of specific mechanisms underlying benzodiazepine tolerance and physical dependence.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Myositis ossificans generalisata or calcinosis interstitialis universalis, a difficult differential diagnosis].

Palpable indurations, calcified nodules, osseous plates and clasps in shoulder, upper arms, thighs and in the back and pelvis muscles are typical signs for several progressive diseases or are associates with some systemic diseases of youth. These changes imply greatly decreased range of motion of all limb joints and increasing retardation of growth and development and often lead to early death. Although often described, the etiology of these diseases is not known. We observed some years ago a particularly serious case, where the connective tissue of almost all the muscles of the skeleton, the subcutis and the ligaments of the limb joints were penetrated by amorphous calcifications and moreover ectopic ossifications were seen in the perirenal adipose tissue and in the interstitial adipose and connective tissue of the striped muscles. Ossifications and calcifications respectively are typical for different diseases, and therefore in our described case it was difficult to decide for a definitive diagnosis.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1995

[Marked clinical improvement by plasmapheresis in a patient with stiff-man syndrome: a case with a negative anti-GAD antibody].

We described a 56-year-old man with stiff-man syndrome, who was markedly improved after plasmapheresis therapy. He had a 12-year history of progressive painful stiffness of his back and limbs, muscle cramps and difficulty in walking. He had been taking oral diazepam and prednisolone. On examination the abdominal and paraspinal muscles and limbs were continuously contracting, confirmed by surface and needle electromyography. Antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and pancreatic islet cells in the serum were negative, but antinuclear antibody and anti-smooth-muscle antibody were present. The patient underwent a course of 4 double filtration plasma exchanges of 3,000 ml each in an 8-day period. Plasmapheresis resulted in marked clinical improvement. The disappearance of muscular cramps and a reduction of stiffness occurred within 24 hours after the first plasmapheresis, and he was able to walk unassisted. The patient's subjective improvement continued over 4 months after the plasma exchange. This case provides additional evidence of the autoimmune mechanism of stiff-man syndrome. Plasmapheresis is one choice in the management for stiff-man syndrome.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1997

Relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and self-reported physical symptoms in Persian Gulf War veterans.

BACKGROUND: While prior studies show that combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) report more physical symptoms than veterans without PTSD, the link between PTSD and somatic complaints in Persian Gulf War veterans (PGWVs) is yet to be evaluated. METHODS: A questionnaire booklet was completed by 188 PGWVs, of whom half were patients in a veterans health screening clinic and half were non-treatment-seeking volunteers on active duty. The booklet included the Combat Exposure Scale, the Mississippi Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale (MPTSD), and a subjective symptom-based health questionnaire. RESULTS: The 24 PGWVs (12.8%) with PTSD (MPTSD score > or = 116) reported more combat exposure (P = .02) and a greater number of physical symptoms (P = .001) than other PGWVs. Fatigue, nausea, muscle aches, dizziness, back pain, stomach ache, and numbness were much more likely to be reported by those with PTSD (MPTSD score > or = 116) than by those without PTSD (MPTSD score < or = 95). CONCLUSIONS: Physicians examining PGWVs should be alert to the possibility of PTSD in this group and that those with PTSD are more likely to report physical symptoms that may overlap with those in Persian Gulf syndrome. Consequently, mental health screening is essential, since for those veterans with PTSD diagnosis of other coexisting conditions may be confounded and early effective treatment of their PTSD may be delayed. Also, given the increased reporting of certain symptoms by those with PTSD, those seeking the cause of Persian Gulf syndrome should control for PTSD when determining the symptom cluster that may constitute this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Effect of vibration-induced postural illusion on anticipatory postural adjustment of voluntary arm movement in standing humans.

We investigated the contribution of sensory signals arising from muscle proprioceptive receptors to anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs). During vibration applied to ankle (tibialis anterior; TA, soleus; Sol) or neck muscles, subjects generally describe having illusory sensations of whole-body movement, namely, whole-body movement in a backward and forward direction induced by vibration of the Sol or TA, respectively, and the front or back surface of the neck muscles, respectively. Preceding electromyographic (EMG) activity of the ipsilateral biceps femoris (BFi) muscle induced by rapid voluntary arm movement and the typical phenomenon of APA were changed dependent on these illusory whole-body movements, with preceding EMG activities of BFi appearing earlier in vibration applied to TA and later in vibration applied to Sol muscle. In vibration applied to the back surface of neck muscle, preceding EMG activities of BFi appeared earlier, as with vibration applied to TA. On the contrary, in vibration applied to the front surface of neck muscles, preceding EMG activities of BFi appeared later, as with vibration applied to Sol. Based on these results, we discuss changes in the central processing of proprioceptive signals used for coding of the spatial orientation of the body and its contribution to postural stabilization.

Adult↗