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At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Study on the correlation of estrogen receptor gene polymorphism to bone mineral density of radius in Chinese Han postmenopausal women in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of estrogen receptor (ER) gene polymorphism in postmenopausal Han women in Beijing as well as its correlation with bone mineral density (BMD) of radius. METHODS: Xba I, and Pvu II polymorphism of ER gene were studied by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 99 healthy postmenopausal Han women. BMD of distal (spongy bone) and proximal (compact bone) radius were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) as well. The relationship between BMD and polymorphism of ER gene was analyzed by variance analysis. RESULTS: Pvu II polymorphism of ER gene is not associated with BMD of both sites of radius (P > 0.05); while Xba I polymorphism of ER gene is significantly associated with BMD spongy and compact bone of radius (P < 0.05). Women with XX genotype have the lowest BMD T-score of -1.55 +/- 0.37 for the compact and -2.54 +/- 0.38 for the spongy, and those with xx genotype have the highest BMD T-score of -0.95 +/- 0.24 for compact and -1.74 +/- 0.16 for spongy. CONCLUSION: There is a significant correlation of Xba I polymorphism of ER gene with BMD of distal and proximal radius. It is indicated that the difference in ER genotypes among individuals might influence the development of osteoporosis.

Asian People↗
PubMed2000

[Experimental study on anti-fatigue effect of shenfu injection on diaphragmatic muscle].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Shenfu injection (SFI) on function of diaphragmatic muscle in rabbits. METHODS: Taking the transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi), diaphragmatic electromyogram (EMGdi) and diaphragmatic evoked potential (DEP) as criteria for observation, the diaphragmatic fatigue (DiF) was induced by stimulating bilateral phrenic nerve for 30 minutes. Pdi, EMGdi and DEP induced by stimulation with different frequency (Fc) were recorded before and after treatment. Then the high/low (H/L) frequency ratio and central Fc were calculated and analysed by variance analysis and q test. RESULTS: After administration of 2 ml/kg of SFI, the Pdi, H/L, Fc and amplitude of DEP were markedly increased and latent phase of DEP was shortened by the drug, in comparing with those before treatment, P < 0.05. CONCLUSION: SFI has the effect in antagonizing diaphragmatic fatigue.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Critical pathways in chemotherapy for lung cancer].

Differences of critical pathway in cancer chemotherapy from its protocol are the unification of the treatment, setting of the treatment goal and its provision for the patient. By the uniform treatment at least in the same hospital and the variance analysis of side effects with chemotherapy, the scientific and objective evaluation of treatment outcome and toxicities is possible. It is also useful for the consideration in the aspect of the ethics with the exhibition of the treatment by the provision of critical pathway for the patient. Therefore, critical pathway in chemotherapy for lung cancer is the useful tool to establish the clinical practice guidelines based on both scientific and ethical evidences in addition to the improvement of the patient satisfaction and the promotion of the team medical treatment.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2001

Senile cataract and the absorption activity of cytochrome C oxidase.

The aim of the study was to determine the activity of cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondrial fractions of cataractogenic epithelial cells of lenses of 60 patients (34 females and 26 males). According to clinical criteria patients were divided into three groups: group 1--patients with senile cataract, group 2--active smokers with senile cataract, and group 3--diabetic patients with cataract as diabetic complication. In the extracted lenses we determined the absorption activity of mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase. Biochemical researches using the method of Yonetani and Ray were applied. We also applied the statistical Student t-test (p < 0.05) and the variance analysis (R. Fisher) with three parameters and Snedecor F distribution (s = p < 0.001). The activity of cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondrial fraction of lens epithelial cells is twice as low in patients who are active smokers than in the non-smoking patients with senile cataract. We measured a significantly different activity of cytochrome c oxidase between active smokers and the non-smoking patients with senile diabetic cataract (tp < 0.05, sp < 0.001). Cigarette smoke decreases the activity of cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondrial fraction of lens epithelial cells. This enzyme is a terminal oxidase in the synthesis of ATPs. We suggest that smoking decreases the synthesis of energy in the lens of cigarette smokers. This emphasizes the significance of giving up smoking in order to preserve the structure and function of the lens.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2002

Effects on crops of irrigation with treated municipal wastewaters.

The fertilizing potential of treated municipal wastewater (oxidation ditch) and crop sanitary acceptability for direct human consumption were evaluated in Mendoza, Argentina. Two experiments were performed on a pilot plot planted with garlic (1998) and onions (1999) using furrow irrigation with three types of water in 10 random blocks: treated effluent (2.5 x 10(3) MPN Escherichia coli/100 ml, 3 helminth eggs/l, and Salmonella (positive); and well water (free of microorganisms), with and without fertilizer. Two responses were evaluated: (1) crop yield, and (2) crop microbiological quality for human consumption at different times after harvest. Crop yields were compared using Variance analysis. Crops' sanitary acceptability was assessed using a two-class sampling program for Salmonella (n=10; c=0), and a three-class program for E. coli (n=5, c=2, M=10(3) and m=10 MPN/g) as proposed by the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF) for fresh vegetables. Wastewater irrigation acted as well water with fertilizer, increasing garlic and onion yields by 10% and 15%, respectively, compared to irrigation with well water with no fertilizer. Wastewater-irrigated garlic reached sanitary acceptability 90 days after harvest, once attached roots and soil were removed. Onions, which were cleaned immediately after harvest, met this qualification earlier than garlic (55 days). Neither the wastewater-irrigated crops nor the control crops were microbiologically acceptable for consumption raw at harvest.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed2001

Effects of an educational intervention on the anxiety of women awaiting mastectomies.

The purpose of this experimental study was to assess the effects of an individualized psychocognitive educational intervention on preoperative anxiety in women awaiting mastectomies. A total of 60 women aged between 27 and 65 years were randomly distributed to two groups of 30 participants. Using the Situational Anxiety Inventory (IAS) along with repeated-measures variance analysis, it was noted that, immediately following the educational interventions (both experimental and control) there was a significant reduction (p < 0.01) of anxiety with the experimental group having an additional reduction of 4.83 (p = 0.05). The day before surgery, only the experimental educational intervention resulted in a significant reduction (p = 0.03) of anxiety, but the difference between the two educational interventions was not significant. These results appear to support Lazarus and Folkman's stress, appraisal and coping theory which states that direct action on cognitive perception can influence a feeling of threat as assessed through the level of anxiety.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

[Assessment of survival and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis of mixed (viral, alcoholic) etiology].

AIM: To determine factors affecting overall survival and risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatic cirrhosis (HC) of mixed (viral, alcoholic) etiology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mono- and multi-variance analysis of prognostic effects of such factors as age of the patients, mixed infection VHB/VHC, markers of HBV replication, antibodies to nuclear antigen of HBV (HBcAb) without HBs-system in the serum ("isolated" HBcAb), duration of viral infection, alcohol intake and abuse, dilatation of the esophageal veins, some laboratory parameters were studied in 55 HC patients having at least one marker of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV), long history of alcohol abuse. RESULTS: It was found that risk of HCC was associated with duration of alcohol abuse and infection, mixed HBV/HCV infection, age 60 and older. Of independent significance was only duration of alcohol abuse. Lethal outcomes in HC patients in the mixed infection were due to development of HCC (36%) and HC complications (64%). Survival of the patients was less in severe dilatation of the esophageal veins, high clinicolaboratory index, low level of serum albumin, presence of "isolated" BcAb and mixed viral infection. CONCLUSION: Of the greatest prognostic efficacy in respect of survival was the model combining "isolated" HBcAb, the degree of esophageal veins dilatation and hepatitis activity.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical efficacy of goserelin (Zoladex) in the treatment of uterine myomas in infertile patients.

This study investigated the efficacy of Zoladex depot 3.6 mg (goserelin acetate) during a 4-month treatment of infertile patients with uterine myomas of different size and location. The investigation comprised 30 patients aged 22-42 years, distributed into 2 groups regarding uterine and myoma volume. The first group included patients with uterine myomas less than 70 ml and uterus less than 300 ml. The second group included patients in whom these volumes exceeded the above mentioned values. Zoladex depot was administered every 28 days for 4 months with ultrasonographic follow-up of volume decrease, whereas patients with submucous myomas underwent control hysteroscopy. The obtained results point to efficacy of Zoladex in decreasing the volumes of both myomas and uterus by more than 50%, which correlates with literature data. Of particular interest is complete disappearance of myomas in about 60% of patients of the first group. Serum concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) were followed-up prior to and during Zoladex therapy where multivariate variance analysis showed statistically significant differences. The side effects were recorded and are similar to those of other GnRH analogues.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Spasmolytic effect of histamine in the isolated intestine of the hamster (Cricetus auratus)].

A comparative study of the effects produced by histamine on 15 different sections of the small intestine of hamsters (Cricetus auratus) from the stomach to the ileocecal valve was performed to find a substitute for that of guinea pigs and to ascertain which of the sections was the most sensitive. Changes in tone, amplitude and frequency of contractions with respect to control (spontaneous motility, were significant (P less than 0.01); the variance analysis showed no significant variations in the sensitivity or the motility of the different sections.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Polymorphism of porcine myostatin gene].

Myostatin(MSTN) gene is expressed specifically in developing and mature skeletal muscle, and the expression products of MSTN gene inhibits muscle growth and differentiation. The polymorphism of the porcine MSTN gene was researched by PCR-SSCP. The SSCP was found in the MSTN gene exon 2 and exon 3. It showed three genotypes (CC, CT, TT) in exon 2 and two genotypes (AG, GG) in exon 3 in Large White pigs. The relationship between polymorphism in exons 2 and 3 and productive performance was analysed. Variance analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between the polymorphism in exon 2 and productive performance. But t test showed that there was a significant relationship between the polymorphism in exon 3 and back fat thickness (P < 0.05), there was also a relationship between the polymorphism in exon 3 and lean meat percentage, but not significant (P > 0.05). The fragments with SSCP polymorphism in exon 2 and 3 were sequenced, the sequencing results showed that there were two single nucleotides mutation, i.e. A-->G at 1008 (exon 3) and G-->T at 480 (exon 2). Two mutations did not change the amino acid but brought an Apa I site in exon 3, and PCR-RFLP molecular marker technique was established with Apa I.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Job satisfaction of nurses in Ministry of Health Hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the magnitude and determinants of job satisfaction in nurses working in Ministry of Health hospitals Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A modified version of the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire is used to survey 500 nurses in 9 Ministry of Health hospitals in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Three hundred and sixty six nurses from different nationalities responded to the questionnaire (response rate 73%). Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, t-tests, one way-analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and regression analysis RESULTS: Overall job satisfaction was found to be moderate. The most important determinants of job satisfaction are: Recognition, technical aspects of supervision, work conditions, utilization of skills, pay, and job advancement. No differences were found in overall job satisfaction according to gender, age, income, nationality, or marital status. Differences were found according to educational level. Also, job satisfaction is positively correlated with years of experience. CONCLUSION: The study has important implications for the way that Ministry of Health hospitals are managed and for its policies regarding several aspects of human resources including efficient and effective use of nursing manpower.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Impact of integral allergic treatment in the quality life of patients with allergic rhinitis].

BACKGROUND: The quality of life is the perception of a patient about functional effects of his illness and therapy. Recently, appropriate instruments were devised to evaluate the health related with the quality of life, as the standardized and validated questionnaires for rhino-conjunctivitis. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of integral allergological treatment upon the quality of life of patients with allergic rhinitis that were attended as outpatients at the Service of Allergy and Clinical Immunology of Hospital Universitario de Puebla. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was carried out a longitudinal, prospective, experimental and prolective study in patients of both sexes, older than 18 years old, with diagnosis of allergic rhinitis; life quality was evaluated by means of the application of a validated and standardized questionnaire every 15 days during 4 months. After being included in the study, patients received the integral allergological treatment conformed by educational measures, environmental control, pharmacotherapy and specific immunotherapy. We determined frequency for qualitative variables and average for quantitative variables. The averages were compared by means of variance analysis. The significance value was established down in 0.05. RESULTS: Thirteen patients were included, 61.5% of them were male. The average age was 33.2 (SD 17.0). There was a significative difference in quality of life index when patient was included in comparison with the indexes in subsequent visits. The most frequent allergic rhinitis was the moderate-severe persistent type, with a 76.9% rate. CONCLUSION: Integral allergological treatment improves quality of life of patients with allergic rhinitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Effects of metoprolol on the signal averaged electrocardiogram and QT dispersion in acute myocardial infarction].

OBJECTIVE: The determination of high risk patients for sudden death and sustained ventricular tachycardia after acute myocardial infarction constitutes the main goal to decrease morbidity and mortality. Every attempt that decreases the frequency of late potentials (LPs) on signal averaged ECG (SAECG) and corrected QT dispersion (QTc-d) may improve prognosis of patients. In this study, the effect of metoprolol on frequency of LPs and QTc-d was investigated. METHODS: Thirty-five patients (mean age 53 +/- 9 years) with acute myocardial infarction who were not given thrombolytic therapy were enrolled. Patients in whom metoprolol was not administered formed group I (n = 20) and patients who were given metoprolol constituted group II (n = 15). Metoprolol was administered as an initial dose of 15 mg intravenously, following 6-8 hours 100 mg/d orally. To determine the frequency of LPs, SAECG records were performed on admission and at the end of the first week. At the same time, resting ECG recordings (12 leads, 50 mm/s) were obtained to calculate QTc-d. Variance analysis was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In group I; frequency of LPs were found 30% on admission and at the end of the first week. In group II; frequency of LPs were 6% on admission and at the end of the first week there was no LPs. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups according to TQRS, RMS-40, LAS40 and QTc-d CONCLUSION: Metoprolol decreases the frequency of LPs. It has no effect on cQT-d.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Potency of PPD preparations derived from M. tuberculosis and M. bovis.

No significant difference was found between the biological activity of PPD-preparations derived from M. tuberculosis and M. bovis, although the latter was more potent. In potency tests performed in guinea-pigs, the use of difference mycobacteria as sensitizing agents had no influence on the result of the assay. We could not demonstrate a significantly greater potency of homologous versus heterologous PPD. Evaluation of the 95 p.c. fiducial limits established in the course of variance analysis suggested a greater reliability of reading at 48 than at 24 hrs after allergen application. It also seems possible that the results of the potency assays of PPDs derived from different mycobacterium strains are greatly influenced by the level of the working dilutions employed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[On bacterial aftergrowth in drinking and industrial water. II. Apparative and processing influence upon the growth and the possibility of disinfection of ion exchange resin filter systems (author's transl)].

The comparative examination of numerous ion exchange resin filter systems for discontinuous water softening on the market revealed that apparative and processing characteristics are of great influence upon the aftergrowth of bacteria in the water of ion exchange resin systems. Within the examination it was taken into consideration that on the end-delivery-tube of the water pipe with regard to the colony count the conditions were more unfavourable during the long standstill over a weekend (table 1) than during the week (table2). The less favourable conditions have therefore been examined separately. The work has been divided in six test series. In the first one 5 ion exchange resin systems the types A-E are simultaneously tested with regard to the colony count in the water at the inflow to the apparatus and after the passage of it; regeneration twice a week with sodium chloride. The data ascertained in the course of several weeks (without first data on mondays) and the separated mondays data are examined according to logarithmic transformation with the assistance of variance analysis and the Newman Keuls-test for differences. The results show (tab. 4 and 5) that apparative parameters and such relevant to the technical process (tab. 3) have an influence upon the bacterial after growth of the water. The most favourable ion exchange resin filter is type E because it shows more favourable values than all other systems and the tapwater. In the second test serie the systems A-E have been regenerated with 1% Chloramin T containing sodium chloride. The results show again the type E as the statistically significant most favourable system in comparison with the others and the tapwater. In the third test serie it has been examined whether the long period of standstill of the brine in the resin bed which has probably been responsible for the good results of the type E would lead to values just as favourable if transferred to another type of apparatus. ...

Bacteria↗
PubMed2002

[Effect of different types of counterion on the electronic structure of an antitumor polyoxomolybdate [Mo7O24]6-].

The electronic structure of a Lindqvist type [Mo7O24]6- anion with 5 different types of counterion (K+, Na+, NH4+, [NH3Pr]+ and [NH3Pri]+) was calculated by using the Discrete Variational Method coupled with Density Functional Theory (DFT-DVM). It could be concluded through variance analysis to the calculated results that the type of counterion does not influence remarkably the electronic structure of [Mo7O24]6- anions. Perhaps it can be used to explain the experiment fact that the polyoxomolybdate structure of the Mo7O24 framework is apparently of critical significance to antitumor action. On these grounds we forecast that two other lindqvist type heptamolybadates(their counterions are Na+ and [NH3Pr]+ respectively) may also exhibit antitumor activities.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1975

[Glycemia and the levels of free fatty acids in small-for-date born infants after monosaccharide load. Communication I (author's transl)].

In order to evaluate some aspects of carbohydrate metabolism in small-for-date born infants the authors have performed in them the glucose tolerance test. The glycemic reflex was estimated in relation to the free fatty acids level (FFA). This was done twice a year in the first half year of life and in the second one. We compared the results with data obtained form full-size born infants tested in the same of time. The group of small-for-date born (SRDB) infants included 23 infants in the first half year and 12 in the second one. The SFDB infants were loaded with glucose and galactose given to them in a dosis of 1 g of each sugar in a 15% solution. The following micromethods were applied: Hyvarinen and Nikkila for glucose, and Dole and Meinertz in Novak's modification for FFA. The level of glucose and FFA were estimated at fasting and after loading at 20, 40, 90, 120 and 180 minutes. In order to be able to evaluate the results, the authors performed the variance analysis. On the basis a significantly higher variability of FFA levels was found in comparison with glucose levels as well as a variability of the two parameters significantly higher in small-for-date born infants than in full-size born infants. In spite of that in standarized mean values a relationship between glucose and FFA levels was found in small-for-date born infants opposite to that in full-size born infants. In the former the glucose levels and free fatty acids were higher then in the latter. This phenomenon disappeared in the second half-year of life. The disappearance rate (as measured by coefficient K) was slightly higher than in the second half year. In the second half year this difference was not noted between the observed parameters in two groups of infants. If it may be concluded on the basis of the authors' observations, the higher levels of glucose in small-for-date born infants in their first half year of life could indicate some disturbance in glucose utilization and the higher level of FFA then usually found in fullsize born infants during the oral glucose tolerance test might be an additional proof for the above.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

[Radioimmuno assay of the sulfonylurea AR-DF 26(author's transl)].

A radioimmunological method was developed for 1-cyclohexyl-3-[p-(beta-4,4-dimethyl-7-methoxy-1,3-(2H,4H)-isoquinolinedion-2-yl)phenethyl]-sulfonylurea (AR-DF 26, gliquidone, Glurenorm) estimations in plasma. The antisera were obtained by immunization of rabbits with AR-DF 26-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate. The estimation is based on the competitive displacement in plasma samples of known amounts of labelled AR-DF 26, bound to a specific antibody by unknown amounts of unlabelled AR-DF 26. Concentrations of as low as 1 ng of AR-DF 26 per sample can be measured by this method. The investigations into the specificity of this reaction have shown that the antiserum is extremely specific for AR-DF 26. There is good reproducibility of the results and no differences could be found by variance analysis between different measurements of the same AR-DF 26 concentration. Since more than 70% of the plasma concentration correspond to unchanged AR-DF 26 for a longer period after application, the results of this AR-DF 26-radioimmuno assay is only minimally altered by its metabolites.

Antibody Specificity↗