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PubMed2000

An interdisciplinary training program in nutrition sciences and cancer.

To address the shortage of health care professionals trained in the nutritional aspects of cancer prevention, the University of Alabama at Birmingham in 1988 initiated the Cancer Prevention and Control Training Program (CPCTP), with R25 grant support from the NIH/NCI. The CPCTP has enrolled 11 predoctoral and 12 postdoctoral trainees, of whom 18 have completed training and five remain in the program. The curriculum and other program elements are described, and the trainees' academic achievements and ultimate careers are reported. The CPCTP has become a significant resource for training cancer nutrition professionals.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2002

A comparison of the surgical caseloads of selected companion animal hospitals and a veterinary academic hospital in South Africa.

Educational institutions should be aware of the frequency of surgical procedures in private practice, to assist both the student and the lecturer in evaluating the relative importance of procedures and to structure training programmes accordingly. The surgical caseload for 1 year at a veterinary academic hospital and 13 private companion animal hospitals registered with the South African Veterinary Council were compared. Surgical records were entered into a spreadsheet and sorted according to 96 selected surgical procedures to facilitate comparisons. Surgical procedures were in turn grouped according to date, species, degree of difficulty and frequency of occurrence. Feline procedures were more commonly performed in private hospitals. The academic hospital's caseload was dominated by major and advanced procedures while the private hospitals carried out more minor procedures. At the private hospitals more general surgery, and ear, nose and throat surgery as well as dental procedures were performed, while at the academic hospital more ophthalmic, orthopaedic, thoracic and neurosurgical procedures were carried out. The most commonly performed procedures at the academic hospital differed from those at the private hospitals. No seasonal trends were evident.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Sex differences in rank attainment and research activities among academic psychiatrists.

Data from a survey distributed to all full-time faculty in academic departments of psychiatry were used to examine possible sex differences in research activities and rank attainment among psychiatrists. A total of 1923 psychiatrists responded, 1564 men (81.3%) and 359 women (18.7%). Continuous dependent variables were analyzed by using analyses of covariance with the year graduated from medical school as a covariate. For categorical dependent variables, the sample was divided into four 10-year cohorts based on the year graduated from medical school, and differences between men and women were analyzed with chi 2 tests. Over the entire sample, men were more likely than women to have had research training, to have ever been principal investigators on peer-reviewed grants, to mentor research trainees, to be currently involved in research activities, and to meet defined criteria as a "researcher." Many gender differences remained significant after controlling for seniority and research training. In every cohort, the men had attained higher academic rank than the women. In general, differences in research activity and productivity were most marked in the youngest cohort. To ensure a rich talent pool for psychiatric research, efforts must be made to recruit and support researchers from among the increased number of women in psychiatry.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2005

An analysis of the association of American medical colleges' review of minorities in medical education.

The Association of American Medical Colleges publishes an enormous database each year, which encompasses every conceivable category of medical education. This information covers high-school student premedical activities, medical school/student data, demographics of residents and fellows in training, a profile of medical school faculty according to academic rank and the enrollment of each medical school in the country. It is all categorized according to race, ethnicity and gender. Furthermore, it is a longitudinal survey and, therefore, valid comparisons can be made over long periods of time. The extensive coverage of African-American involvement in the system at all levels allows for healthcare planners, administrators, politicians and students/parents at all levels to use this as a roadmap for planning purposes. Much of the data is broken down according to individual states, thus enabling students to make better decisions about selecting private versus public institutions for their training. The data on residents in training and medical school faculty provides very useful information for healthcare planners, state and federal government officials, and medical school deans and university administrators interested in addressing diversity issues within their respective domains.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Reflections on building community: a different perspective on academic-community partnerships using the integration matrix.

Implementation of interdisciplinary rehabilitation services and clinical training in community settings is a complex process. Documented methods for analyzing, evaluating and monitoring the process within federally funded grant projects are limited. This paper reports on the use of one proposed method, the Integration Matrix of Konrad, as a framework for formative assessment and analysis of project operations. Based upon ongoing experiences implementing a Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) funded clinical training program in a community setting, a revision of the Integration Matrix is proposed to better reflect a community-centered, pervasive communication approach to program operations and analysis.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1989

Factors influencing the success of academic radiologists in publishing research.

To guide changes that might improve radiologists' research productivity, we surveyed 1400 members of the Association of University Radiologists. We evaluated the impact of influences related to background, education, training, attitudes, and practice environment on 558 respondents' frequency of research publication. Attending medical school, obtaining radiology training, and practicing at an institution among the 20 with the highest amount of research funding was associated with the highest research productivity in academic practice. Taking a radiology research fellowship, regularly attending research seminars, and association with a research mentor during training were also associated with higher career productivity. Virtually all aspects of the academic practice milieu, and particularly having time set aside for research, were significant influences on radiologists' frequency of publication. Men published research more frequently than women. This phenomenon appears related to women being afforded fewer research experiences during radiology training and a greater concern on the part of women about obstacles that hinder their doing research. These data might be employed to guide changes that would improve the selection and nurturing of individuals likely to be productive in research.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2002

Combined internal medicine/psychiatry and family practice/psychiatry training programs 1999-2000: residents' perspectives.

Residents enrolled in internal medicine/psychiatry (IM/PSY) and family practice/psychiatry (FP/PSY) programs were surveyed to assess their views concerning training experiences and future plans. The FREIDA online directory was used to supplement missing information. Responses were received from 60% of residents (N=111), representing all active IM/PSY (n=20) and FP/PSY (n=9) programs. Variability existed in call, clinical, and didactic experiences. Residents generally were very pleased with training. Following graduation, most plan to practice a combination of skills, primarily in community or academic settings. Levels of recruitment were felt to be equal to or higher than those for colleagues in individual training specialties. Training in IM/PSY and FP/PSY programs is variable. Residents report high levels of satisfaction and plan to practice both specialties.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Program designed for the parents of babies at risk: contribution to the training of the nursing student].

The present study is related to the academic education of nursing students who participated in a public service program designed for parents of high-risk newborns assisted in neonatal units. It is a descriptive study that has as its objective to analyze the contribution of such professional experience for those students. The subjects of this investigation were nursing students aged 18 to 22 years old. These students performed ludic, educational and leisure activities with parents of high-risk newborns assisted in a university school in the city of Ribeirão Preto. Data were collected by means of a questionnaires through which the subjects reported their experience in the project (advantages, disadvantages and contributions to their education). The answers were analyzed through the thematic analysis technique. Results showed that the program expanded students' view concerning nursing care and hospital care (beyond disease). It also improved interpersonal relationships; promoted the development of skills and the acquisition of knowledge and values. Thus contributing to students academic education and creativity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Problem-solving approach in the training of healthcare professionals].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the problem-solving approach in the training of healthcare professionals who would be able to act both in academic life and in educational practices in services and communities. METHODS: This is an analytical description of an experience of problem-based learning in specialization-level training that was developed within a university-level healthcare education institution. The analysis focuses on three perspectives: course design, student-centered learning and the teacher's role. RESULT: The problem-solving approach provided impetus to the learning experience for these postgraduate students. There was increased motivation, leadership development and teamworking. This was translated through their written work, seminars and portfolio preparation. The evaluation process for these experiences presupposes well-founded practices that express the views of the subjects involved: self-assessment and observer assessment. The impact of this methodology on teaching practices is that there is a need for greater knowledge of the educational theories behind the principles of significant learning, teachers as intermediaries and research as an educational axiom. CONCLUSIONS: The problem-solving approach is an innovative response to the challenges of training healthcare professionals. Its potential is recognized, while it is noted that educational innovations are characterized by causing ruptures in consolidated methods and by establishing different ways of responding to demands presented at specific moments. The critical problems were identified, while highlighting the risk of considering this approach to be a technical tool that is unconnected with the design of the teaching policy. Experiences and analyses based on the problem-solving assumptions need to be shared, thus enabling the production of knowledge that strengthens the transformation of educational practices within healthcare.

Education, Professional↗
PubMed1979

Training sensory awareness and spatial organization in people with right brain damage.

Building on a methodology to improve scanning and academic skill performance behavior in persons with acquired right brain damage due to stroke, this study presents 2 additional treatment methods: training in sensory awareness and spatial organization. The 53 patients studied were divided into two groups, experimental (N = 30) and control (N = 23). The experimental group received a treatment program incorporating the 2 new methods as well as a condensed version of the original program. The controls received standard rehabilitation. Both groups were retested after 1 month. Analyses revealed that the performance of those in the experimental group exceeded that of the controls, that those patients in the experimental group with severe impairments improved more than those with mild impairments, and that combined multiple-treatment produces greater generalization than the original single treatment program.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

Academic careers in general practice and primary care.

In the past 10 years, significant developments in general practice teaching and research have led to the considerable growth of academic general practice as a discipline. This paper reviews issues relating to these developments, particularly career pathways and training aspects. The need to extend these advances to the broadening arena of primary health care has given further impetus for the development of academic careers. General practice will need to work closely with secondary care, community health, and social services to develop primary health care in its broadest sense, and an evidence base, generated by relevant research and evaluation, must underpin all of this. Structural and funding changes to undergraduate education, postgraduate training and primary care research have created a range of opportunities for general practice clinicians to define career pathways, not formerly available, within multiprofessional and multidisciplinary departments and groups. Education for future general practice and primary care must underpin developments as much as a research base. Relevant masters' degrees and diplomas are now widely available, and extended vocational training and higher professional education will enable general practitioners in their formative years to consider academic opportunities.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1998

Revitalization of the Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center at the National Institutes of Health.

For nearly 45 years the Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center has been the site of the intramural clinical research of the National Institutes of Health. It has served as the largest clinical research facility for the nation and the site for training many of the clinical investigators in the nation's academic medical centers. Research at the Clinical Center has focused on study of orphan diseases and phase 1 and 2 clinical trials, and this research emphasis has made it a special national resource. Over the last decade there has been a dramatic decline in the number of patients seen at the Clinical Center, as well as a perceived decrease in the quality of research performed at the center. The decreased activity is related in part to fiscal constraints and the impact of the changing health care delivery system. The trends at the Clinical Center are particularly distributing because they parallel what is happening at academic health centers across the country. Because its success is viewed as vital to national clinical research, a major effort has been undertaken to revitalize the center. This paper reports on the plans and activities undertaken to reorganize the center's management, revitalize its infrastructure for conducting clinical research, establish vital clinical research training, and promote partnerships with extramural investigators who will benefit from access to the center. The hope is that the model established at the NIH Clinical Center will assist in the revitalization of clinical research across the nation.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Development of emergency medicine administration in the People's Republic of China.

A collaborative partnership between the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Chaoyang Red Cross Hospital and Chinese Ministry of Health has been established to initiate Emergency Medicine (EM) administrative training in Beijing, China. The Emergency Medical Education and Training Center (EMETC) at Chaoyang Red Cross Hospital was opened as a training facility to foster EM administrative curriculum development and training nationwide. A six-step approach with problem identification, needs assessment, goals and objectives, educational strategies, implementation and evaluation was used to form a locally adapted curriculum. With a train-the-trainers model, the EMETC sponsored several EM administration courses, the first of their kind in China. Since its inception, the EMETC has trained 95 persons from throughout China in EM administration. An EM administration curriculum has been developed and refined. In conclusion, an international partnership between academic hospitals, supported by the local Ministry of Health, to develop a national training facility using this six-step approach may be an attractive strategy for dissemination of EM administration principles.

China↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing leadership in healthcare administration: a competency assessment tool.

Despite the many graduate programs that specialize in health administration, healthcare leaders and practitioners have expressed concern about the quality of preparation of health administration graduates. The purpose of this study was to facilitate one part of an integrated approach to leadership development that spans academic and practitioner settings. The approach was to design a competency assessment tool for early careerists who have two to five years of postgraduate experience and who aspire to fill senior leadership positions in complex, provider-based healthcare organizations. Open-ended interviews with key informants and a comprehensive review of relevant literature were done to identify and categorize a set of competencies relevant to early careerists. Based on data from key informants, specific work experiences and academic courses were mapped to each competency, indicating where and how such competencies might be developed. A simple rating system was then added to assess each competency, which resulted in the completion of the tool. Finally, the tool was piloted in a practitioner setting at the Massachusetts General Hospital Administrative Fellowship Program and in an academic setting at the Yale University Health Management Program. The resulting tool includes 52 competencies categorized into four domains: (1) technical skills (operations, finance; information resources, human resources, and strategic planning/external affairs); (2) industry knowledge (clinical process and healthcare institutions); (3) analytic and conceptual reasoning; and (4) interpersonal and emotional intelligence. Early experience with the tool suggests that it can facilitate career planning among graduate students, early careerists, and their mentors. Further, the tool can help directors of both academic and practitioner programs identify strengths and gaps in their existing curricula or training programs. By offering specific competencies linked to work experiences and graduate courses, the tool is an initial step toward promoting collaborative efforts between academic and practitioner programs.

Administrative Personnel↗