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Role of wildebeest fetal membranes and fluids in the transmission of malignant catarrhal fever virus.

Malignant catarrhal fever virus was not isolated from samples of fetal membranes or fluid collected from 93 calving wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) in Kenya Maasailand. Cell-free strains of malignant catarrhal fever virus were very rapidly inactivated when exposed to the sun under field conditions, at least 3.0 log10 units/25 microliter being lost per hour at midday. It is suggested that wildebeest fetal membranes and fluids act as visual markers for areas of pasture which are particularly heavily contaminated with malignant catarrhal fever virus in oculonasal secretions of wildebeest calves. It is possible that starting to graze cattle one to two hours later each morning may be a useful measure for helping to protect cattle from malignant catarrhal fever in areas where they are forced to share pastures with calving wildebeest.

Amniotic Fluid↗

Perinatal mortality and season of birth in captive wild ungulates.

The magnitude of perinatal mortality in 50 species of captive wild ungulates born at the Zoological Society of London's collections at Regent's Park and Whipsnade between 1975 and 1985 is reviewed. Thirty-five per cent of 2471 ungulates born during this 11 year period died before six months old and most deaths occurred in the first week after birth. Similar findings have been reported at other zoos and in the wild. The seasonal distribution of births is described in 43 species. Significantly higher perinatal mortality was found in species which breed throughout the year (notably axis deer and sitatunga) than in seasonal breeders, and differences associated with system of management were apparent in some species (eg, mouflon and scimitar-horned oryx) kept at Regent's Park and Whipsnade. Considerable advances have been made in the management of captive wild ungulates in recent years but it is likely that perinatal mortality rates could be further reduced by improved management and veterinary care of the dams and neonates.

Abortion, Veterinary↗

An outbreak of peste des petits ruminants in a zoological collection.

Peste des petits ruminants virus was suspected to be the cause of a disease outbreak in a zoological collection at Al Ain in the Arabian Gulf. Clinically the outbreak affected gazelles (Gazellinae), ibex and sheep (Caprinae) and gemsbok (Hippotraginae); subclinical involvement of Nilgai (Tragelaphinae) was suspected. A morbillivirus was isolated and using monoclonal antibodies and biological tests in cattle, sheep and goats the virus of peste des petits ruminants was identified.

Animals↗