Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ART”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Influenza pandemic periodicity, virus recycling, and the art of risk assessment.

Influenza pandemic risk assessment is an uncertain art. The theory that influenza A virus pandemics occur every 10 to 11 years and seroarcheologic evidence of virus recycling set the stage in early 1976 for risk assessment and risk management of the Fort Dix, New Jersey, swine influenza outbreak. Additional data and passage of time proved the theory untenable. Much has been learned about influenza A virus and its natural history since 1976, but the exact conditions that lead to the emergence of a pandemic strain are still unknown. Current avian influenza events parallel those of swine influenza in 1976 but on a larger and more complex scale. Pre- and post-pandemic risk assessment and risk management are continuous but separate public health functions.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An investigation of the impact of a continuing nursing education program on a small Catholic liberal arts college.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of the nursing continuing education (CE) program at a small Catholic liberal arts college on the college itself as identified by CE participants. Data that validated the CE program did more than provide education to registered nurses were gathered. In fact, the data showed that after first coming to the college for a CE offering, participants engaged in several college-related activities, such as registering for the RN-BSN program, sending family members to the college, and recommending the college to family and friends.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed2005

The art of managing dementia in the elderly.

Dementia presents unique challenges for physicians, patients, and families, but it also offers a singular opportunity to practice the essence of the art of medicine. Elderly patients' complaints about cognition require evaluation and should never be written off as a "normal" part of aging. Dementia should be distinguished from conditions such as delirium and depression, and the type of dementia should be identified, since this will determine treatment. Treatments seek to alter the fundamental course of the disorder, to ameliorate symptoms, or to manage concomitant psychiatric and behavioral problems. Even when treatments prove ineffective, providing information and support is of great value to patients and their families and caregivers.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in pregnancy: antiretroviral treatment (ART) and mode of delivery].

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) administered to pregnant women infected with HIV diminishes the rate of perinatal viral transmission. This is true for mono-, bi-, or tri-therapy (HAART), with the greatest effects being seen in the latter case. Nevertheless, when these therapies are employed, potential risks to the mother and fetus must be considered. These risks include hyperglycemia, lactic acidosis, mitochondrial toxicity, cutaneous rash, hepatitis, hypertension, and premature labor. Elective caesarean section reduces the perinatal transmission of HIV in patients with or without monotherapy, but has not shown a benefit in patients on tri-therapy (HAART). This article reviews the evidence for and against antiretroviral therapy and elective caesarean section in the setting of HIV in pregnancy and proposes treatment guidelines for these patients.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMed1986

Liberal arts: the foundation for occupational therapy education.

Occupational therapy lacks a consensus regarding its theory base, technical tools, contribution to society, ethical stance, and relationship to medicine. This study proposes steps to achieve a new consensus and to resolve the crisis focus on entry-level education. The proposed steps include the critical assessment of the educational foundation for practice, the recognition that a liberally educated occupational therapist can serve patients better and meet pressing societal needs, and the pursuit of closer relationships with liberal arts colleges by occupational therapy academic departments. A "new breed" of occupational therapists, that is, therapists who are liberally educated, will be capable of thinking in broad categories and will be open to new ideas and aware of ethical implications; they will be familiar with principles, able to practice from a knowledge base, and prepared to improve the profession's practice: they will possess the skills to be leaders.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1995

Weaving the warp and weft of occupational therapy: an art and science for all times.

This article employs a metaphor of weaving in order to analyze, both historically and critically, the art and science of occupational therapy. To spark reflection about where occupational therapy has been, is now, and would like to progress as the new century approaches, the article is thematically organized around the profession's two most fundamental convictions. These convictions are termed the warp and weft of occupational therapy. The warp of occupational therapy is defined as our philosophical belief that engagement in occupation can favorably influence health. The weft of occupational therapy is defined as our humanistic value of respect for the person. Occupational therapy is, in turn, regarded as a powerful tapestry of human potential that unfolds when this belief and value are therapeutically applied. By analyzing selective clinical, educational, and research initiatives throughout this century, the article is dedicated to the continued adherence to, and development of, occupational therapy's core principles.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1998

Cancer mortality of art glass workers in Tuscany, Italy.

OBJECTIVES: This study considers the cause-specific mortality from cancer among art glass workers employed in 17 industrial facilities in Tuscany, Italy. METHODS: A cohort of 3390 workers, 3180 men and 210 women, employed at least 1 year, was taken from company payrolls. It was followed between the year each factory started operation, mostly the mid-1950s, and 31 December 1993. The cause-specific expected mortality from cancer was computed for men relative to Tuscany rates, specified for gender, 5-year age groups, and calendar year. Separate analyses were carried out for the job title of maker and former and for batch mixers. RESULTS: For 3180 men, the observed mortality was above the expected for larynx [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) 166, 90% confidence interval (90% CI) 90-282], lung (SMR 123, 90% CI 100-151), stomach (SMR 105, 90% CI76-142), and brain (SMR 150, 90%CI 71-282) cancer. Increases for these causes were also found for the makers and formers. Mortality from larynx and lung cancer increased with latency, and significantly increased SMR values were observed for > or =21 years since first exposure. The increasing pattern was also present after adjustment for smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed consistently increased mortality from larynx and lung cancer in the overall cohort and among makers and formers. Stomach and brain cancer was also increased in the overall cohort and among the makers and formers.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Creatinine measurement: state of the art in accuracy and interlaboratory harmonization.

CONTEXT: The National Kidney Disease Education Program recommends calculating glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine concentration. Accurate creatinine measurements are necessary for this calculation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the state of the art in measuring serum creatinine, as well as the ability of a proficiency testing program to measure bias for individual laboratories and method peer groups. DESIGN: A fresh-frozen, off-the-clot pooled serum specimen plus 4 conventional specimens were sent to participants in the College of American Pathologists Chemistry Survey for assay of creatinine. Creatinine concentrations were assigned by isotope dilution mass spectrometry reference measurement procedures. PARTICIPANTS: Clinical laboratories with an acceptable result for all 5 survey specimens (n = 5624). RESULTS: The fresh frozen serum (FFS) specimen had a creatinine concentration of 0.902 mg/dL (79.7 micromol/L). Mean bias for 50 instrument-method peer groups varied from -0.06 to 0.31 mg/dL (-5.3 to 27.4 micromol/L), with 30 (60%) of 50 peer groups having significant bias (P < .001). The bias variability was related to instrument manufacturer (P < or = .001) rather than method type (P = .02) with 24 (63%) of 38 alkaline picric acid methods and with 6 (50%) of 12 enzymatic methods having significant biases. Two conventional specimens had creatinine concentrations of 0.795 and 2.205 mg/dL (70.3 and 194.9 micromol/L) and had apparent survey biases significantly different (P < .001) from that of the FFS specimen for 34 (68%) and 35 (70%) of 50 peer groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Thirty of 50 peer groups had significant bias for creatinine. Bias was primarily associated with instrument manufacturer, not with type of method used. Proficiency testing using a commutable specimen measured participant bias versus a reference measurement procedure and provided trueness surveillance of instrument-method peer groups.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed2006

The art of attorney interaction and courtroom testimony.

CONTEXT: In our society it is well for a physician to know something of the workings of court and how to interact with attorneys. One need not go to law school to successfully navigate a legal proceeding as a physician witness. OBJECTIVE: To show that a physician skilled at interacting with colleagues and patients can successfully apply those skills to interacting with attorneys and testifying in court. DATA SOURCES: This work is based primarily on the author's experience in interacting with attorneys and testifying in court, with supplemental contributions from textbooks. CONCLUSIONS: Skillful testifying is simply the transmission of medical information in court in a professional, polite, and compelling manner, an ability within the grasp of any physician who has mastered the art of working with colleagues and patients. Careful, honest assessment of the medical matters in a legal case places a physician in a strong position, which the physician can maintain by remaining polite, even in the face of attempts by an attorney to denigrate the physician's professional abilities. The best witnesses tell the truth in a manner that compels people in the courtroom to listen.

Expert Testimony↗
PubMed1996

Cryptosporidiosis: an outbreak associated with drinking water despite state-of-the-art water treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the magnitude and source of an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and to determine whether the outbreak extended into the immunocompetent population. DESIGN: Matched case-control study and environmental investigation. SETTING: Clark County, Nevada. PARTICIPANTS: Adults with HIV infection (36 case-patients with laboratory-confirmed Cryptosporidium parvum infection and 107 controls), matched by physician or clinic and by CD4+ cell count category. MEASUREMENTS: Potential risk factors for infection, death rates, and data on water quality. RESULTS: Review of surveillance and microbiology records identified 3 cases of cryptosporidiosis in 1992 (the first year that cryptosporidiosis was reportable in Nevada), 23 cases in 1993, and 78 cases in the first quarter of 1994. Of the 78 laboratory-confirmed cases in the first quarter of 1994, 61 (78.2%) were in HIV-infected adults. Of these 61 adults, 32 (52.5%) had died by 30 June 1994; at least 20 of the 32 (62.5%) had cryptosporidiosis listed on their death certificates. In the case-control study, persons who drank any unboiled tap water were four times more likely than persons who drank only bottled water to have had cryptosporidiosis (odds ratio, 4.22 [95% Cl, 1.22 to 14.65]; P = 0.02). For persons with CD4+ cell counts less than 100 cells/mm3, the association between tap water and cryptosporidiosis was even stronger (odds ratio, 13.52 [Cl, 1.78 to 102.92]; P = 0.01). Additional data indicate that this outbreak also affected persons who were not infected with HIV. No elevated turbidity values or coliform counts and no Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in testing of source (Lake Mead) or finished (treated) water during the study period, but so-called presumptive oocysts were intermittently found after the investigation in samples of source water, filter backwash, and finished water. CONCLUSIONS: A cryptosporidiosis outbreak was associated with municipal drinking water, despite state-of-the-art water treatment and water quality better than that required by current federal standards. This outbreak highlights the importance of surveillance for cryptosporidiosis and the need for guidelines for the prevention of water-borne-Cryptosporidium infection among HIV-infected persons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Zen and the art of physician autonomy maintenance.

The miracles of scientific medicine propelled physicians to an unparalleled level of clinical autonomy during the 20th century. During the past 20 years, physician autonomy has been declining, in part because the public has become aware that physicians are not consistently applying all of the science they know. One of medicine's most cherished professional values, individual clinical autonomy, is an important cause of the sometimes suboptimal performance in the timely and consistent application of clinical science; thus, it contributes to the decline in overall professional autonomy. This paper calls for physicians to practice the science of medicine as a profession so that society will allow physicians to continue practicing the art of medicine as individual professionals. In a Zen-like paradox, physicians must give up autonomy in order to regain it.

Evidence-Based Medicine↗
PubMed2005

Diagnosing carotid stenosis by Doppler sonography: state of the art.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this review article is to present the state of the art in the clinical applications and technical performance and interpretation of carotid sonographic examinations. METHODS: Relevant publications regarding color and duplex Doppler sonography (CDDS) of the carotid arteries extracted from a computerized database (MEDLINE) and from references cited in these articles not appearing on the Internet were reviewed. RESULTS: The ability to quickly and efficiently identify stenosis in the carotid artery is an important goal for clinicians and vascular surgeons. Identification of potentially treatable carotid stenosis enables selection of appropriate candidates for endarterectomy or stent implantation. Advances in performance and interpretation of carotid sonographic studies over the last 20 years have been driven by technological improvements in gray scale and CDDS examinations and have made carotid sonography an important means to reach this goal. On the basis of CDDS, intima-media thickness measurements and plaque location and characterization on gray scale imaging, flow disturbance and areas of stenosis on color Doppler sonography, and flow velocities on spectral Doppler sonography are obtained. The degree of the diameter of a stenosis of the internal carotid artery is the main parameter used for therapeutic approaches. Advantages and limitations of the method are included. CONCLUSIONS: Carotid sonography is a unique imaging method for the investigation of carotid abnormalities. Noninvasive, accurate, and cost-effective, it provides morphologic and functional information. It is increasingly becoming the first and often the sole imaging study before endarterectomy, whereas costly and invasive procedures are reserved for special cases.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1990

Developing the art of successful clinical supervision in health care programs.

Supervision is a dynamic and ever-changing process. Excellent employees can be trained to be outstanding supervisors if the competencies and skills of the supervisory process are clarified. Supervision is a successful art that can be learned and enhanced if appropriate supervisory skills are identified, taught, and learned. Supervision is too important in developing the future health care work force to be left to chance.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1992

Council on Education report: ART progression and long-range goals.

To answer the question of Accredited Record Technician long-range educational goals (including an indication for progression opportunities), the Council on Education (COE) of AHIMA in 1990 sent out a Request for Proposal for a needs assessment. Based on a proposal submitted in July 1990, a contract was awarded to The College of St. Scholastica. Shirley Eichenwald served as the project director. Kathleen LaTour was project associate and David Swenson was project consultant. A survey was developed and distributed with a deadline of February 1991. The findings from the survey were placed in a report entitled "Progression Potential and Educational Goals of ARTs: a Needs Assessment," dated April 1991, which was submitted to the Council on Education and reviewed at the August 1991 COE meeting. This article summarizes and highlights the key findings from this report.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Performance characteristics of state-of-the-art hematology analyzers.

Data were obtained from four state-of-the-art automated hematology analyzers and compared with those obtained from microscopic reference procedures. The instruments evaluated were the Technicon's H*1, Sysmex's NE-8000, Coulter's STKR, and Coulter's STKS. Accuracy was assessed by comparing machine-generated white blood cell and red blood cell profiles with those obtained manually by experienced laboratorians. Specimens used were actual clinical samples submitted for routine analysis. The precision of the instruments in counting and sizing blood cells was not significantly different at the clinical decision-making level and consistently exceeded that of the microscopic method. Significant shifts in the leukocyte population were detected with relatively similar sensitivity by all instruments. As expected, the oldest model's clinical efficiency was exceeded by that of the newer analyzers. None of the analyzers performed with an accuracy that permits the laboratory to completely eliminate a microscopic scan of a stained blood film obtained from a patient's initial specimen.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1995

The vanishing art of mentoring.

Behind every successful healthcare executive, there is likely to be a good mentor, or maybe two or three. Without structured programs, however, some fear the art of mentoring may be squeezed out of existence. Time, or the lack thereof, is taking its toll, and mentoring is in danger of becoming a casualty of the hectic world of healthcare.

Career Mobility↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The art of negotiation. Getting what you want out of a managed care contract.

As managed care takes a firm hold in the marketplace, healthcare organizations are hurrying to align. While some executives are skilled negotiators, well versed in the complexities of managed care contracting, others are new to the process. Those seeking direction in the art of negotiation can benefit by reviewing the principles that follow. While basic, they will help you make the most of the negotiation process.

Communication↗