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At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effect of position on the mechanical interaction between the rib cage and abdomen in preterm infants.

To determine the influence of body position on chest wall and pulmonary function, we studied the ventilatory, pulmonary mechanics, and thoracoabdominal motion profiles in 20 preterm infants recovering from respiratory disease who were positioned in both the supine and prone position. Thoracoabdominal motion was assessed from measurements of relative rib cage and abdominal movement and the calculated phase angle (an index of thoracoabdominal synchrony) of the rib and abdomen Lissajous figures. The ventilatory and pulmonary function profiles were assessed from simultaneous measurements of transpulmonary pressure, airflow, and tidal volume. The infants were studied in quiet sleep, and the order of positioning was randomized across patients. The results demonstrated no significant difference in ventilatory and pulmonary function measurements as a function of position. In contrast, there was a significant reduction (-49%) in the phase angle of the Lissajous figures and an increase (+66%) in rib cage motion in prone compared with the supine position. In addition, the degree of improvement in phase angle in the prone position was correlated to the severity of asynchrony in the supine position. We speculate that the improvement in thoracoabdominal synchrony in the prone position is related to alterations of chest wall mechanics and respiratory muscle tone mediated by a posturally related shift in the area of apposition of the diaphragm to the anterior inner rib cage wall and increase in passive tension of the muscles of the rib cage. This study suggests that the mechanical advantage associated with prone positioning may confer a useful alternative breathing pattern to the preterm infant in whom elevated respiratory work loads and respiratory musculoskeletal immaturity may predispose to respiratory failure.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed2005

Longitudinal variance of fat mass deposition during pregnancy evaluated by ultrasonography: the ratio of visceral fat to subcutaneous fat in the abdomen.

BACKGROUND: Defining regional fat distribution is of importance because of regional variation in adipocyte metabolism. In order to investigate whether maternal body fat distribution changes during pregnancy we measured the abdominal maternal fat thickness. METHODS: A longitudinal study of the thickness of the preperitoneal fat layer (P) and subcutaneous fat layer (S) in the abdomen was conducted; ultrasonography was used to obtain the measurements and the P/S ratio was calculated during each trimester as well as postpartum. RESULTS: When compared with the first and second trimesters, a significant increase in both the P and P/S ratios was observed in the third trimester; thus, regional fat distribution changes during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Intra-abdominal visceral fat accumulation increases during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

High-dose chemotherapy, total abdomen irradiation and autologous bone marrow infusion in ovarian cancer: an observation.

A case of treatment of an ovarian adenocarcinoma (stage IIIc of the IFGO) is reported. The patient underwent a maximal tumor reduction followed by polychemotherapy. After this treatment, a 'second-look' laparotomy shows an incomplete remission. An intensive chemotherapy with total abdomen irradiation and protection of medullary toxicity by an autologous bone marrow infusion is performed, with a satisfactory result, without relapse, 16 months after this treatment (or 25 months after the first laparotomy). Reasons which led the authors to perform an autograft and the conditions under which this treatment may be offered are then presented.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Small round cell tumors of the abdomen and thorax. Role of fine needle aspiration cytologic features in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of cytomorphologic features in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of small round cell tumor (SRCT) of the abdomen and thorax. STUDY DESIGN: During a period of six years (1985-1990), ultrasound/ computed tomography-guided fine needle aspiration cytology was performed on thoracic and abdominal/ pelvic masses in 899 cases. Slides were not available for review in 28 cases. Review of smears by one of the investigators (D.K.D.) in the remaining cases, which included 239 with intrathoracic and 632 with intraabdominal/pelvic masses, yielded 380 (43.6%) cases of malignancy. Of these, 71 (18.7%) cases were small round cell tumors. In 59 cases of SRCT the smears were found suitable for detailed assessment of cytomorphologic features. RESULTS: The 59 cases of small round cell tumors included 5 cases of neuroblastoma, 7 of hepatoblastoma, 4 of nephroblastoma, 1 of pulmonary blastoma, 2 of Ewing's sarcoma, 23 of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 15 of small cell anaplastic carcinoma (SCAC), 1 NHL/SCAC and 1 small round cell tumor (not otherwise specified). The frequencies of rosettes (60%) and filamentous/fibrillar matrix (100%) in neuroblastoma; acinar formation in hepatoblastoma (100%) and SCAC (93.3%); tubule formation in nephroblastoma (100%); lipid vacuoles (69.6%), exclusive noncohesive cells (95.7%) and lymphoglandular bodies (87%) in NHL; and nuclear molding (100%) and paranuclear blue inclusions (60%) in SCAC were significantly higher as compared to the rest of the SRCTs (P < .01 to < .0001). CONCLUSION: The various cytomorphologic features, alone or in conjunction with other cytologic features, and clinical/imaging findings are very useful in the diagnosis of specific types of SRCT.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Fascial pathways of extravasation of blood in lower abdomen following angiography-anatomic and clinical correlation.

The extravasation of urine following traumatic rupture of the urethra or periurethral abscess is well known to clinicians. The extravasation of blood following angiography, in the same anatomical space, is rare. Extravasation of fluids in the lower abdomen, groin and external genitalia follows distinct anatomical pathways. This case illustrates the anatomical pathways and emphasizes their clinical importance.

Angiography↗
PubMed1984

E-Z-CAT. An oral contrast medium for use in computed tomography of the abdomen.

A new barium sulphate suspension, E-Z-CAT, for use as an oral contrast medium at computed tomography of the abdomen has been compared with the commonly used water-soluble iodinated contrast medium Gastrografin as regards patient tolerance and diagnostic information. The investigation was conducted as an unpaired randomized single-blind study in 100 consecutive patients. E-Z-CAT seems to be preferred because of its better taste, its lesser tendency to cause diarrhoea, and for usage in patients who are known to be hypersensitive to iodinated contrast media. The diagnostic information was the same for both contrast media.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Huge IgD plasmacytoma in the abdomen presenting coagulation necrosis.

A 65-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed in 1996 with a pathological fracture of the left femur caused by immunoglobulin D-type myeloma (IgD myeloma). She responded well to combination chemotherapy followed by irradiation. The patient experienced renal failure and became dependent on haemodialysis. In 1999, large plasmacytomas developed in the abdomen and left humerus. The abdominal tumour appeared to induce gastroduodenal ulcers and jejunal obstruction. We initiated irradiation therapy without chemotherapy to prevent further growth of the plasmacytoma, although treatment-resistant gastroduodenal ulcers developed. Continued blood loss from the gastroduodenal ulcers resulted in a deterioration in the patient's health, which prevented successful haemodialysis. An autopsy showed that the plasmacytoma had undergone coagulation necrosis. We conclude that the use of combination chemotherapy with topical irradiation was an acceptable treatment measure against IgD plasmacytoma; irradiation without chemotherapy was the most likely cause of the coagulation necrosis seen in the plasmacytoma at autopsy.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

Desmoid tumor in Gardner's Syndrome presented as acute abdomen.

BACKGROUND: Gardner's syndrome can occasionally be complicated with intra-abdominal desmoid tumor. These tumors usually remain asymptomatic but can exhibit symptoms due to intestinal, vascular and ureteral compression and obstruction. CASE PRESENTATION: A rare case of a 41-year-old male patient with Gardner's syndrome complicated with intra-abdominal desmoid tumor, which first presented as acute abdomen, is presented. CONCLUSION: Extra-abdominal manifestations of Gardner's syndrome along with a palpable abdominal mass would raise suspicion for the presence of a desmoid tumor in the majority of cases. In life-threatening cases, surgical treatment should be considered as a palliative approach, though the extent of excision remains debatable.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1975

The "chest-abdomen sign" in familial dysautonomia.

Both lung pathology and bowel distension are seen simultaneously on radiographs in familial dysautonomia. These are constant findings even in the absence of acute disease. One may thus speak of a "chest-abdomen sign" in this entity. Cases with this sign are presented in illustration and the differential diagnosis is discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1975

111-In-labelled bleomycin; clinical experience as a diagnostic agent in tumours of the thorax and abdomen.

The potential value of indium-labelled bleomycin as a diagnostic scanning agent has been investigated in patients with a variety of malignant neoplasms involving the thorax, abdomen or pelvis. Sixty-five patients were scanned on 72 occasions, the optimum time to perform the examination being 72 hours after the intravenous injection of 2 mCi 111-In chelated to 2 mg bleomycin. Tumour uptake was visualized in 53 out of 62 scans in which tumour was present, but the extent of tumour was underestimated in seven cases, and over-estimated in five others. The latter were mostly due to uptake in infective lesions. These results indicate that the situations in which indium bleomycin is most likely to provide clinically relevant information are the distinction between recurrent tumour and post-radiotherapy changes in the thorax and pelvis, the diagnosis of recurrent carcinoma within the pelvis, and the distinction between bony metastases from carcinoma of the prostate and Paget's disease. Further clinical trials are necessary to assess these situations.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Ultrasound of the pelvis and renal tract combined with a plain film of abdomen in young women with urinary tract infection: can it replace intravenous urography? A prospective study.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in women and intravenous urography (IVU) is a frequently requested radiological investigation for recurrent UTI. The aim of this study was to assess whether pelvic and renal ultrasound combined with a plain film of the abdomen (KUB) could replace IVU as the initial radiological investigation in young women with recurrent UTI. Ninety-four young women with recurrent UTI who were referred for IVU were studied. Ultrasound of the pelvis and renal tract was performed, and information obtained from ultrasound and KUB was compared with that obtained from the IVU examination. Patient management was altered as a result of radiological investigation in eight cases. A case of staghorn calculus and a case of pelviureteric junction obstruction were diagnosed by both IVU and ultrasound with KUB. An intrarenal abscess was diagnosed by ultrasound in a patient with a normal IVU. In addition ultrasound demonstrated significant findings in the pelvis, including ovarian and uterine abnormalities and an ectopic and an intrauterine pregnancy. In all cases the patient had symptoms referable to the urinary tract and a history of documented UTI. The KUB did not yield any unsuspected finding not diagnosed by ultrasound, but did serve to delineate more clearly the extent of calculus disease in two patients. We suggest that ultrasound of the pelvis and renal tract combined with a KUB should be the radiological investigation of choice in young women with UTI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Multislice CT of the abdomen.

Major advances have been made in CT technology since its introduction 30 years ago. Examination time has been markedly reduced and it is possible to cover considerably larger scan ranges. Multidetector technology now allows near isotopic imaging with the ability to perform high quality multiplanar reconstructions. It is also now possible to image in well defined vascular phases. In this article we share our experience in the use of multislice CT and detail protocols used in imaging of the abdomen.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Radiological parameters and radiation doses of patients undergoing abdomen, pelvis and lumbar spine X-ray examinations in three Nigerian hospitals.

Thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs) have been used to measure the entrance surface doses (ESDs) of patients undergoing pelvis, abdomen and lumbar spine diagnostic X-ray examinations in Nigeria. A total of three public hospitals and 171 patients were included in this investigation. The ages of the patients involved were from 40 years to 85 years, while their weights ranged from 64 kg to 73 kg. Mean, median, first and third quartiles of ESDs are reported. The results showed that in most cases, for each of the examinations, the individual ESD values are found to be comparable with, and higher than, those from Ghana and Tanzania, respectively. The mean ESD values are also found to be within the range of mean ESD values that have been previously been reported from countries outside Africa. When compared with the European Community (EC) reference values, the mean ESDs were found to be below the reference values in only two of the hospitals. The ranges found in this work are high and this indicates more attention needs to be given to X-ray facilities in the country. This also suggests that radiographic departments need to review their radiographic practices in order to bring their doses to optimum levels. Effective doses were also calculated from the ESD values. The mean effective doses were found to be generally low when compared with those found in the literature from other countries including two African countries. The radiographic parameters used for all the patients were also compared with the European criteria. It is recommended that the tube filtration at one hospital be increased. The importance of good regulatory activities and trained personnel is stressed in this work. Apart from the fact that the data provided in this work will be useful for the formulation of national guidance levels, they also provide patient dosimetry information on healthcare level IV countries.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

The experience and training of British general surgeons in trauma surgery for the abdomen, thorax and major vessels.

BACKGROUND: The report Better Carefor the Severely Injured [London: The Royal College of Surgeons of England and the British Orthopaedic Association; 2000] states that an experienced general surgeon trained in the techniques required to perform life-saving emergency surgery is vital in the management of major trauma. The experience and training of general surgeons in the UK in the management of trauma to the abdomen, thorax and major vessels has never been assessed. METHOD: Postal questionnaire sent to UK general surgical consultants and Higher Surgical Trainees (HSTs). RESULTS: A total of 854 (48%) questionnaires were completed. Of respondents, 85% believe that major trauma should be directed to hospitals that provide a dedicated trauma service. Of non-vascular specialists, 43% felt their training was adequate to manage vascular trauma and only one-third of general surgical consultants felt adequately prepared to manage acute cardiothoracic injuries. The median number of trauma laparotomies undertaken annually was 2 for blunt injury and 1 for penetrating injury. Of HSTs, 21% had not performed a splenectomy for trauma and 44% had no experience of packing for liver injuries. CONCLUSIONS: There is limited experience and training in the surgical management of torso trauma in the UK. Implementation of the recommendations from Better Care for the Severely Injured will be hampered unless steps are taken to maximise experience and improve training.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2000

Vertical banded gastroplasty staple-line dehiscence after blunt trauma to the abdomen.

An extensive Medline search revealed no documentation in the literature regarding staple-line disruption of a vertical banded gastroplasty after blunt abdominal trauma. A 41-year-old woman with a past surgical history significant for a vertical banded gastroplasty 13 months ago was admitted to our hospital one week after an episode of blunt trauma to the abdomen. The patient presented with complaints of nausea, vomiting, and anorexia after the incident. The suspected diagnoses were stenosis of the stoma due to hematoma after the blunt trauma as well as staple-line dehiscence. A partial disruption of the vertical staple-line was identified by esophagogastroduodenoscopy and barium swallow.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2006

Radiologic management of cysts in the abdomen and pelvis.

OBJECTIVE: Few abdominal or pelvic cystic lesions come to the attention of the interventional radiologist, and those that do are symptomatic. Differentiation of cysts from cystic-appearing masses is not difficult when a multitechnique imaging approach is used. Our objective is to summarize the principles and specifics for management of symptomatic cysts through percutaneous catheter techniques. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous aspiration of cysts can relieve symptoms without the need for surgery. A sound knowledge of the various types of cysts that may be found in the abdomen and pelvis enables the radiologist to select those patients who will benefit the most from percutaneous management.

Abdominal Cavity↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of angular and combined automatic tube current modulation techniques with constant tube current CT of the abdomen and pelvis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to compare image quality and radiation dose associated with abdominopelvic CT using combined modulation, angular modulation, and constant tube current. CONCLUSION: Compared with using a constant tube current to scan the abdomen and pelvis, the use of a combined modulation technique results in a substantial reduction (42-44%) in radiation dose with acceptable image noise and diagnostic acceptability.

Adult↗