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The design and use of appropriate health technologies for developing countries.

Health care in developing countries is discussed in terms of the administrative systems, medical manpower and technologies which are most appropriate to the economic and cultural environment in which they will be used. Appropriate technology must be preceded by appropriate research and development and those involved in the training of overseas students should critically examine the relevance of the course to the needs of the students.

Biomedical Engineering

Characteristics of caregivers that promote children's development in day care.

Most available evidence on day care suggests that characteristics of the caregiver are the key components of high-quality child care. Yet, this fact is rarely appreciated by parents or policy makers. As primary health care providers, nurses can educate parents, caregivers, and policy-makers concerning the broad array of day-care features, including caregiver characteristics that should be considered. This article provides a review of the research on characteristics of caregivers that are found in high-quality day care and describes how these factors facilitate optimal development in young children. From the research findings, implications for nursing practice at the family, community, and national levels are identified.

Caregivers

Evaluation of staff development services in extended care facilities.

An evaluation research survey that focuses on educational services offered in a staff development department at a corporation of extended care facilities is discussed. Each facility was queired regarding existing inservice programs, including the use of evaluation tools. A response rate of 100% was achieved. No evaluation instrument was used for 72% of the inservice education programs offered. The data indicate the need for comprehensive and consistent program and learner evaluation.

Adult

[Cosmopolitan and traditional health systems: woman as the nexus].

The cost of extending health care to rural areas in developing countries has hindered efforts to bring cosmopolitan or "western" medicine into those areas. As a cost-effective and realistic strategy for expanding the services needed in the countryside-in a context of finite resources-the writer proposes making women agents of health care in the rural care system and giving them training that includes both formal and traditional practices. The process offers the woman, as a mother, the opportunity to play a leading part in evaluating the health status of her children and other members of her family. Based on the experience acquired in a rural health project carried out in the Altiplano of Bolivia, specific recommendations are made for application of this approach, which is based in the community itself, and the difficulties encountered in its practical application are cited.

Allied Health Personnel

Evaluation of the Master's in Genomic Medicine framework: A national, multiprofessional program to educate health care professionals in NHS England.

PURPOSE: Genomic medicine is revolutionizing health care but requires health care professionals to update their understanding of genomics and its application to clinical practice for successful implementation. To meet this need, Health Education England developed the Master's in Genomic Medicine, a national multiprofessional program to increase genomic literacy in the National Health Service workforce. This study summarizes an evaluation of the program, which will inform its future development. METHODS: Underpinned by Moore's evaluation framework, a mixed methods approach was used to characterize (1) learner demographics, (2) perceptions of the program, (3) knowledge and/or qualifications achieved, and (4) the outcome(s) for practice in the workplace. RESULTS: Learners were a diverse cohort of health care professionals, including doctors, health care scientists, nurses and midwives. Participant satisfaction was high for all elements of the program, including the curriculum, learning environment(s), and multiprofessional cohort(s), despite the challenges of engaging working professionals in part-time learning. Both learners and their managers reported enhanced genomic practice after completion of their studies. CONCLUSION: The Master's in Genomic Medicine program is an effective approach to professional education in genomic medicine. This broad multiprofessional learning complements training aimed at specific groups of health care professionals.

Humans