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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Divalproex treatment for youth with explosive temper and mood lability: a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design.

OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to replicate open-label findings showing that specific criteria for explosive temper and mood lability identify disruptive youth who improve while receiving the anticonvulsant divalproex sodium. METHOD: Twenty outpatient children and adolescents (ages 10-18) with a disruptive behavior disorder (oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder) met the specific criteria for explosive temper and mood lability. They received 6 weeks of divalproex treatment and 6 weeks of placebo by random assignment. Independent evaluators blind to group assignment assessed response at the end of each phase. RESULTS: At the end of phase 1, eight of 10 subjects had responded to divalproex; zero of 10 had responded to placebo. Of the 15 subjects who completed both phases, 12 has superior response taking divalproex. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study replicates open-label findings showing that divalproex is an efficacious treatment for explosive temper and mood lability in disruptive children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Temper tantrums. Prevalence and etiology in a non-referral outpatient setting.

Of a total of 800 children (aged 3-12 years) attending a pediatric outpatient department, 182 (22.8%) were found to be having temper tantrums (mean age, 4.7 years). Temper tantrums were found to be most common at 3-5 years (75.3%), less common at 6-8 years (20.8%), and least common at 9-12 years (3.9%). Children aged 3-5 years were more likely to be of a lower social class (p less than 0.01), whereas in other age groups (6-8 years and 9-12 years) children were more likely to be of an upper social class. Boys dominated the study significantly: the ratio of boys to girls was 3.1:1. Boys having temper tantrums were more likely to be of an upper social class (p less than 0.001) compared with girls, who tended to be of a lower social class (p less than .01). Children showed a higher incidence of history of postnatal trauma and seizure disorder compared with the control group (p less than 0.05). Parental overprotection and marital discord were found to be stress factors in a significantly higher number of boys than girls (p less than 0.01); parental negligence was a significant stress factor for girls (p less than 0.01). Associated behavioral problems, such as thumb sucking, enuresis, tics, head banging, sleep disturbances, and hyperkinesis were found to be significantly higher among children with tantrums.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Effect of thermal tempering on strength and crack propagation behavior of feldspathic porcelains.

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that tempering stress can retard the growth of surface cracks in layered porcelain discs with variable levels of contraction mismatch. Porcelain discs, 16 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick, were prepared with a 0.5-mm-thick layer of opaque porcelain (O) and a 1.5-mm-thick layer of body porcelain (B). The materials were selected to produce contraction coefficient differences, alpha O-alpha B, of +3.2, +0.7, -0.9, and -1.5 ppm/degrees C. Body porcelain discs with a thickness of 2 mm were used as the thermally compatible control specimens (delta alpha = 0). The discs were fired to the maturing temperature of body porcelain (982 degrees C) and were then subjected to three cooling procedures: slow cooling (SC) in a furnace, fast cooling (FC) in air, and tempering (T) by blasting the surface of the body porcelain with compressed and dried air for 90 s. The dimensions of cracks induced by a Vickers microhardness indenter under a load of 4.9 N were measured at baseline and six months after indentation at 80 points along diametral lines within the surface of body porcelain. In addition, biaxial flexure tests were performed to determine the influence of mismatch and tempering on flexure strength. The results of ANOVA indicate that crack dimensions were influenced significantly by the interaction of cooling rate and contraction mismatch (p less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1992

Strengthening of feldspathic porcelain by ion exchange and tempering.

This study investigated the effectiveness of tempering and ion-exchange treatments on crack growth and bi-axial flexural strength of seven feldspathic porcelains. The results showed that tempering treatment was more effective in strengthening porcelain than was the ion-exchange process as measured by the bi-axial flexural strength. However, the results of initial crack size induced by a microhardness tester showed that ion-exchange yielded a surface that was more resistant to crack initiation than was that yielded by the tempering treatment. EDX and microprobe analyses showed that there was evidence of exchange between Na+ within the porcelain surface and K+ from the ion-exchange agent applied on the surface.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed2006

Induction of temperate cyanophage AS-1 by heavy metal--copper.

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that some marine cyanophage are temperate and can be induced from a lysogenic phase to a lytic phase by different agents such as heavy metals. However, to date no significant reports have focused on the temperate nature of freshwater cyanophage/cyanobacteria. Previous experiments with cyanophage AS-1 and cyanobacteria Anacystis nidulans have provided some evidence that AS-1 may have a lysogenic life cycle in addition to the characterized lytic cycle. RESULTS: In this study, the possible temperate A. nidulans was treated with different concentrations of heavy metal-copper. CuSO4 with concentrations of 3.1 x 10(-3) M, 3.1 x 10(-4) M, 3.1 x 10(-5) M and 3.1 x 10(-6) M were used to detect the induction of AS-1 from A. nidulans. The population of the host, unicellular cyanobacteria Anacystis nidulans, was monitored by direct count and turbidity while the amount of virus produced was derived from plaque forming units (PFU) by a direct plating method. The ratio of AS-1 release from A. nidulans was also determined. From these results it appears that AS-1 lysogenic phage can be induced by copper at concentrations from 3.1 x 10(-6) M to 3.1 x 10(-4) M. Maximal phage induction occurred at 6 hours after addition of copper, with an optimal concentration of 3.1 x 10(-6) M. CONCLUSION: Cu2+ is a significant inducer for lysogenic cyanobacterial cells and consequently would be a potential control agent in the cyanobacteria population in fresh water ecosystems.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New findings of Neurospora in Europe and comparisons of diversity in temperate climates on continental scales.

The life cycles of the conidiating species of Neurospora are adapted to respond to fire, which is reflected in their natural history. Neurospora is found commonly on burned vegetation from the tropic and subtropical regions around the world and through the temperate regions of western North America. In temperate Europe it was unknown whether Neurospora would be as common as it is in North America because it has been reported only occasionally. In 2003 and 2004 a multinational effort surveyed wildfire sites in southern Europe. Neurospora was found commonly from southern Portugal and Spain (37 degrees N) to Switzerland (46 degrees N). Species collected included N. crassa, N. discreta, N. sitophila and N. tetrasperma. The species distribution and spatial dynamics of Neurospora populations showed both similarities and differences when compared between temperate Europe and western North America, both regions of similar latitude, climate and vegetation. For example the predominant species in western North America, N. discreta phylogenetic species 4B, is common but not predominant in Europe, whereas species rare in western North America, N. crassa NcB and N. sitophila, are much more common in Europe. The meiotic drive element Spore killer was also common in European populations of N. sitophila and at a higher proportion than anywhere else in the world. The methods by which organisms spread and adapt to new environments are fundamental ecosystem properties, yet they are little understood. The differences in regional diversity, reported here, can form the basis of testable hypotheses. Questions of phylogeography and adaptations can be addressed specifically by studying Neurospora in nature.

Climate↗
PubMed1999

[Use of tempered, particle-reinforced aluminum horse shoes in sport horses under field conditions].

The use of handmade particulate reinforced alloy horseshoes (MMC metal matrix composites) was tested in a field study on 15 riding and draught horses. All horseshoes have been tempered after having been manually forged and tested concerning their surface imperfection. Forging temperature ranged between 350 degrees and 420 degrees C. Horseshoes in series A consisted of particulate reinforced wrought alloy (22% Al2O3 in alloy matrix). 11 shoeing periods with a duration of mean = 49.7 days (sd = 13.6) were evaluated. Horseshoes in series B consisted of particulate reinforced foundry alloy (20% SiC in alloy matrix), 5 shoeing periods were evaluated with a duration of mean = 45.4 days (sd = 7.9). Series C tested horseshoes made of particulated reinforced coextruded wrought alloy evaluating 6 shoeing periods with a duration of mean = 49.2 days (sd = 18.7). Service of the tempered particulate reinforced alloy horseshoes was significantly higher compared to untempered alloy horseshoes. Mechanical and forging properties of tempered particulate reinforced alloy are satisfactory. Service is only suitable for riding horses but not for draught horses.

Alloys↗
PubMed2000

[Isolation and comparative study of a group of temperate bacteriophages of rhizospheric pseudomonads Pseudomonas putida].

We have isolated several new temperate bacteriophages for rhizosphere pseudomonads Pseudomonas putida. Examination of these phages, along with two previously isolated temperate phages PP56 and PP71 of P. putida PpG1 (biovar A), allowed us to classify them into four species on the basis of DNA cross-homology; relative genomic size; and, to a certain extent, the morphology of phage particles. Two of these species are represented by nonidentical variants. No transposable phages were found among these two new species. Three phage species cause various-types of lysogenic conversion manifested in growth suppression of other phage species. This seems to account for the fact that the temperate phage of rhizosphere pseudomonads are seldom encountered. The new phages described can be used for selection of phage-resistant bacterial forms exhibiting antifungal activity that are commercially produced and used for treatment of seeds of cultivated plants.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1999

[Erotic temperance: fortune and development of an Epicurean suggestion in the imperial Roman age].

The purpose of this writing is to follow the course of an idea, namely that of erotic temperance, which the Epicureans most proably derived as a corollary of their originary ethics. It was during the imperial Roman age that such an idea met a certain audience for different reasons, two of which at least cannot remain unnoticed. The first reason was the theoretical and clinic support given to this idea by such Epicurean oriented physicians as Rufus and Soranus, and by Areteus; the other one should have been the meeting of the notion of erotic temperance with such ethical principles as the moderation, the control of the passions, the impassibility of man towards life events, and a new vision the relationship between husband and wife, which entered into the pattern of the gentlemen's behaviour during the imperial age contributing to the starting of a new ethics. But, if erotic temperance represented on the one hand an ideal for the cultivated class of Roman imperial society, it was on the other perceived as a scrupulously observed realty by Germans, and as one of the principal reasons of their physical and mortal energy. Furthermore, the ideal of a severe erotic control of the early Christians offer precise evidence, will represent an important ground of agreement for theirs and contemporary pagan ethics.

Ethics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of Erwinia carotovora phage resistance with the use of temperate bacteriophage ZF40].

The causes of the unique phage resistance of the pectinolytic phytopathogenic strains of Erwinia carotovora were studied with the use of temperate bacteriophage ZF40. It was shown that, in these bacteria, the bacteriophage-cell interaction can be substantially blocked at the adsorption level. An adequate indicator for studying the temperate bacteriophages of erwinias was developed on the basis of mutants resistant to macromolecular bacteriocins. Various restriction-modification systems, which influence cell resistance to bacteriophages, were revealed for the first time in E. carotovora. The phage resistance was shown to be determined by the wide occurrence of homoimmune temperate viruses in pectinolytic erwinias.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMed2004

Biogenic VOCs emission inventory development of temperate grassland vegetation in Xilin River basin, Inner Mongolia, China.

Given the key role of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to tropospheric chemistry and regional air quality, it is important to generate accurate VOCs emission inventories. However, only a less fraction of plant species, in temperate grassland of Inner Mongolia, has been characterized by quantitative measurements. A taxonomic methodology, which assigns VOCs measurements to unmeasured species, is an applicable and inexpensive alternation for extensive VOCs emission survey, although data are needed for additional plant families and genera to further validate the taxonomic approach in grassland vegetation. In this experiment, VOCs emission rates of 178 plant species were measured with a portable photoionization detector (PID). The results showed the most of genera and some families have consistent feature of their VOCs emission, especially for isoprene, and provide the basic premise of taxonomic methodology to develop VOCs emission inventories for temperate grassland. Then, the taxonomic methodology was introduced into assigning emission rate to other 96 species, which no measured emission rates available here. A systematical emission inventory of temperate grassland vegetation in Inner Mongolia was provided and further evidence that taxonomy relationship can serve as a useful guide for generalizing the emissions behavior of many, but not all, plant families and genera to grassland vegetation.

China↗
PubMed1990

Tempering as a means to strengthen porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations.

Structural failures of porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) dental restorations still occur despite the known success of specific products and reliable techniques. The possible causes of these failures are varied but the actual fractures usually originate at a surface flaw. Although it is difficult to produce a porcelain that is free of surface flaws, it is possible to inhibit the growth of these flaws by inducing compressive stresses in the surface of the porcelain by a tempering process. The objectives of the present study were: 1) to develop an analytical model to calculate incompatibility stresses in metal-porcelain discs due to thermal contraction mismatch between metal and porcelain, and 2) to determine whether tempering stresses can retard the growth of induced cracks in the porcelain surface of metal-porcelain discs. Ni-Cr-Be alloy discs, 16mm in diameter and 0.3mm thick, were prepared with a 0.5mm thick layer of opaque porcelain and a 1.5mm-thick layer of body porcelain. The materials were selected to provide a range of thermal contraction mismatches. The discs were fired to the maturing temperature of body porcelain (982 degrees C) and then were subjected to three cooling procedures: slow cooling in a furnace (SC), fast cooling in air (FC) and tempering (T) by blasting the surface of the body porcelain with compressed air. The lengths of cracks induced in the surface of the body porcelain by a microhardness indenter were measured immediately after indentation at 30 points along diametral lines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Dental Alloys↗
PubMed1994

Heat-tempered composite resin laminate veneers.

Laminate veneers have rapidly become the restoration of choice for the conservative esthetic restoration of anterior teeth. The historical development of the process for veneering teeth is presented, and the significant advancements since the introduction of the concept nearly 60 years ago are highlighted. Heat-tempered composite resin laminate veneers are evaluated, including their advantages and disadvantages relative to bonded porcelain veneers. A new technique for the creation of one-appointment heat-tempered hybrid composite resin laminate veneers is discussed. Recent research into the critical features and properties of heat-tempered composite resin inlays and onlays and laminate veneers is reviewed, as are suggestions for technique improvements based on scientific investigations.

Composite Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biology of lysogenic strains of Streptococcus bovis and virulent mutants of their temperate phages].

Three lysogenic streptococcal strains and four virulent mutants of temperate phages were studied. The bacterial strains proved to be close to the type strain of Streptococcus bovis in their morphological, cultural, physiological, and biochemical properties. Investigation into the interaction of the lysogenic cultures with virulent mutants of temperate phages showed that the culture age optimal for infecting was 3-5 h; intense lysis began in the second hour after infection and was virtually completed by the end of the third hour, i.e., the procedure of obtaining phages in HMT medium took 7-8 h. Phage titers in phage lysates varied from 3.93 x 10(10) to 11.25 x 10(10) active phage particles per ml; residual amounts of viable bacteria varied from 0.7 x 10(6) to 34.0 x 10(6) cells per ml. In liquid HMT medium, phage production by lysogenic cultures was not limited by 0.3% glucose or maltose, 0.5% peptone, or casein hydrolysate. Descriptions of virulent mutants VM 6/6, VM 32/6, VM 28/28, and VM 54/54 of temperate phages of Str. bovis are presented.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perinatal crack users becoming temperant: the social psychological processes.

According to the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, on average in 1994 and 1995, 269,000 pregnant women self-reported the use of an illicit drug within the past year. Drug use during pregnancy continues to have a significant impact on infant mortality in the United States. Using the feminist perspective and grounded theory method, a grounded theory of temperance was discovered for perinatal crack users. Nineteen women participating or interfacing with a psychiatric-obstetrical clinic within a maternal and infant project in a large Southeastern city were interviewed. Staying clean was the social-psychological problem generated from the data. Becoming temperant was identified as the process by which the women manage to stay clean. This substantive theory provides a broader understanding of the experiences of addicted pregnant women. Implications for improved treatment and further research are suggested.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Temperance.

The kind of temperance discussed is the virtue of moderation concerning the pleasures of eating and drinking. A person lacks this moderation if either his desire for such pleasures causes conflicts with his own standards of appropriate behaviour or the standards themselves attach too much importance to the pleasures concerned. Opinions vary about the proper status of these pleasures, but people surely value them too highly if they place them above their health or the moral duty not to cause unnecessary suffering. Temperance concerns medicine because of its connection with health, ethics because it involves not only the good life for the individual but also the welfare of other creatures.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1977

"Temperance tales". Antiliquor fiction and American attitudes toward alcoholics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Much of the American temperance fiction and graphics (the "Temperance Tales") of the mid-1800s to the early 1900s demonstrated a relatively sophisticated understanding of the progressive nature of alcoholism. In explaining the alcoholic process to the public, this fiction contributed to the general belief that the typical alcoholic was a Skid Row-like derelict.

Alcoholism↗