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Results for “social functioning”

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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Total gastrectomy: the influence of preserved duodenal transit and of pouch reconstruction on abdominal symptoms, nutrient assimilation, and medico-social functioning.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this retrospective study was to establish whether patients with different reconstruction after total gastrectomy (duodenal bypass without pouch (subgroup Ia, n = 88); duodenal bypass with pouch (subgroup Ib, n = 27); continuous duodenal transit (subgroup II, n = 27)) differ concerning abdominal symptoms, nutrient assimilation, and medico-social functioning. METHODS: The 142 patients (49 females, 93 males; mean age 57.2 years, (95% confidence interval 55 to 59)) after potentially curative total gastrectomy for gastric malignancy 500 days earlier (mean: 95% confidence interval 334 to 666) were evaluated for abdominal symptoms, biochemical and haematological parameters, endoscopic findings, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, oro-caecal transit time, objective signs of malassimilation, and the degree of medico-social functioning. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the subgroups in any of the parameters examined. CONCLUSION: In this study, neither subjective nor objective patient data support preference for any single mode of the examined reconstructions after total gastrectomy. However, small patient numbers, unstandardised reconstruction procedures and a recruitment bias might influence these findings.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

[Validity and reliability of the Duke-UNC-11 questionnaire of functional social support].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyse the validity and reliability of the functional social support questionnaire, Duke-UNC-11. DESIGN: Descriptive. Crossover study. SETTING: Urban health centre. PATIENTS: 656 patients were interviewed in their homes. 60 had the questionnaire repeated (30 self-filled and 30 using an interviewer) an average of 6 days later. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The intraclass correlation coefficients of the 11 items in the Duke-UNC-11 were above 0.50, for both self-filled and interviewer questionnaires; the ones on the scale were 0.92 and 0.80, respectively. The factorial analysis separated two sub-scales, confidential support (7 items) and affective support (4 items). Low social support was significantly associated to: being over 40, widowed or divorced, living alone, over-user, worse subjective health, greater chronic morbidity, mental health disorder and family dysfunction. The multiple linear regression equation managed to explain 30% of the variability of social support, in which family function (family APGAR) explained 23.5%, education 3.3%, perception of internal health control 2%, mental health 1.2% and perception of susceptibility to/seriousness of illness 0.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire Duke-UNC-11 is valid and reliable.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epilepsy in the elderly: incidence, social function, and disability.

The incidence of epilepsy in persons greater than or equal to 60 years was studied during a 5-year period in an urban area. The incidence of patients with definite epilepsy was 77 new cases per year per 100,000 citizens greater than 60 years of age, with a significant excess of male patients. Generalized and partial seizures each accounted for about half of the seizures, but the majority of patients experienced generalization at least once. Of 163 patients with onset of epilepsy during the study period, 152 could manage in their own home, but 97 of these required permanent home help. Marital status, dementia, and focal neurological signs, but not age, influenced patients' social function. A group of patients of the same age with established epilepsy before the study period managed as well or even better, indicating that epilepsy did not significantly influence social function. For both groups, too many patients as compared with the population at risk were economically inactive at the time of admission. Judging from patients' previous occupation, it seems as if patients predominantly came from the lower social classes, indicating that occupational risks may be of ethiological importance.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

Social functioning in chronic depression: effect of 6 weeks of antidepressant treatment.

Social functioning was assessed in 189 nonmelancholically depressed outpatients. Patients were then treated for 6 weeks in a double-blind trial of phenelzine, imipramine, or placebo and functioning was reassessed. Before treatment, younger, more severely depressed, more chronically depressed patients and those with a DSM-III diagnosis of major depression plus dysthymic disorder were more functionally impaired than patients without these characteristics. Chronically depressed patients who responded to treatment reported significantly improved functioning while nonresponders did not. These results suggest that for some chronically depressed patients, impaired functioning results at least partly from the Axis I mood disorder instead of being entirely attributable to Axis II character pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Social functioning among girls with fragile X or Turner syndrome and their sisters.

Social behaviors among two genetically homogeneous groups--girls with fragile X (fraX) or Turner syndrome (TS)--were examined to address the role of family environment versus biological determinants of social dysfunction in girls with these disorders. Using a sibling pair design, girls with fraX or TS were compared with their own sisters on measures of IQ and social functioning. The 8 girls with fraX and the 9 girls with TS had lower FSIQ scores and higher ratings of social and attention problems relative to their own sisters. Girls with fraX also had higher ratings of withdrawn behaviors, relative to their own sisters. The unaffected sisters were not rated as demonstrating any difficulties in these areas, relative to controls. Correlations between problem ratings and FSIQ were not statistically significant. Although these preliminary findings do not indicate a lack of familial impact on social development in girls with either disorder, the results provide preliminary evidence that social dysfunction reported for girls with fraX or TS cannot be attributed solely, nor primarily, to global aspects of the family environment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship of depression with measures of social functioning in adult drug abusers.

The present study describes the relationship between depression and several measures of social functioning--including employment, criminal activity, incarceration, marital functioning, and alcohol and drug use--in a population of adult drug abusers. Our investigation extends past work in this area by specifically investigating the effects of depression (as opposed to simple substance use) on social and interpersonal functioning. Predictably, elevated levels of depression were associated with increased use of hard drugs and alcohol, greater levels of institutionalization, reduced attendance at work or school, and lower overall rates of marital satisfaction. Consistent with previous reports, level of marijuana use was not related to severity of depression. It appears that depressed substance abusers experience significantly more social, vocational, and interpersonal dysfunction than their nondepressed counterparts. It is proposed that the efficacy of existing treatment programs for adult drug abusers will be enhanced through the addition of strategies to assess and ameliorate depression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Psychological correlates and treatment outcomes for high and low social functioning alcoholics.

This study is designed to identify psychologically meaningful correlates of high and low social functioning among alcoholics and to determine if High Social Alcoholics show greater changes between intake and 1 1/2 months into treatment than Low Social Alcoholics on various psycho-diagnostic measures. High Social group membership was found to be positively associated with scores at intake on the MCMI Compulsive-Conforming Scale. Low Social group membership was positively associated with scores on the POMS Depression-Dejection and Confusion-Bewilderment Scales; and on the MCMI Avoidant, Schizotypal, Passive-Aggressive, Psychotic Thinking, Psychotic Depression, Alcohol Abuse, and Borderline Scales. Repeated measures analyses revealed that, although both groups showed significant changes on a variety of measures, the High Social group showed significantly greater decreases between intake and 1 1/2 months into treatment than the Low Social group on the Avoidant, Dysthymic, Somatoform, and Anxiety Scales of the MCMI and on the Confusion-Bewilderment, Tension-Anxiety, and Fatigue-Inertia Scales of the POMS.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Analogue observational methods in the assessment of social functioning in adults.

This article provides a clinically oriented overview of analogue observational methods used in the assessment of problematic social functioning, specifically skill deficits and social anxiety. This article emphasizes role-play assessment methods, the predominant method used in clinical settings. An examination of the psychometric characteristics of analogue assessment methods is presented, followed by a review of procedural and structural considerations that may impact the quality of assessment data. Of special concern are the potential impacts of instructional variables, structured versus ideographic role-played situations, confederate characteristics and behavior, molar and molecular levels of assessment, self-ratings versus clinician ratings of functioning, and physical attractiveness. Finally, published and empirically evaluated analogue observation tests are critically reviewed with an emphasis on features that may impact their utility in clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Social resources and social function in comorbid eating and substance disorder: a matched-pairs study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess social resources and function among patients with comorbid Eating Disorder (ED) and substance abuse/dependence, referred to here as Substance Related Disorder (SRD). DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional, comparative. SETTINGS: A university medical center with an Alcohol-Drug Program located within a Department of Psychiatry. SUBJECTS: 70 patients with Substance Related Disorder and Eating Disorder (SRD-ED), matched for gender, age, and race-ethnicity with 70 SRD-only patients. METHODS: A research associate assessed current social resources and social function based on data obtained from patients and collateral sources while blind to the ED status of the patient. Addiction psychiatrists made the diagnoses of SRD and ED and conducted assessments for axis 4 psychosocial stressors and axis 5 psychosocial function. RESULTS: SRD-ED patients had more advantageous social resources than SRD-only patients, including residence with family or friends, more education, higher socioeconomic status, and larger social networks. However, SRD-ED patients manifested martial status, employment, stressors, and coping levels similar to SRD-only patients. CONCLUSIONS: Several alternative explanations exist for these expected though unusual findings. Further analyses will be required to understand this lack of articulation between social resources and social function across two diagnostic groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Long-term follow-up of psychological distress, social functioning, and coping style in treated and untreated patients with solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy.

Patients with organic solvent-induced toxic encephalopathy (TE) (n = 13) were followed up seven years after the application of an intervention program. They were also compared with untreated TE patients diagnosed at the same time (n = 26) and with unexposed referents (n = 39). Psychological distress, social function, and coping ability and style were measured with the Symptom Checklist-90, Interview Schedule of Social Interaction, and Sense of Coherence and Strategies to Handle Stress questionnaires. Both TE groups had unchanged function in neuropsychological tests. Members of the treated group had improved their social functioning and reduced their mental stress but were not any better than the untreated patients. Compared with referents, the TE patients continued to live with increased psychological distress and used predominantly emotionally focused strategies to cope with their problems. This can be a cause for concern in family life and can also make gainful work impossible.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The social function of the hospital].

Issuing from the statements to the change of the social institution hospital in the course of history the experiment is undertaken to outline the social function of the hospital on the conditions of the developed socialist society.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Social functioning in children with a chronic illness.

Behavioural, cognitive, and affective aspects of social functioning of 107 children with a chronic illness were studied. The aim of the study was twofold: (1) to describe peer interaction of children with a chronic illness in comparison with normative data of healthy children; (2) to examine whether peer interaction was related to the illness characteristics physical restrictions and pain. Peer interaction was assessed with measures of social activities (CBCL), parent-reported social skills (CABS), child-reported social skills (MESSY), social self-esteem (SPPC), and social anxiety (SASK). Results showed no differences between diagnosis groups, suggesting that the social consequences of chronic illness are not diagnosis specific. Compared with healthy norms, chronically ill children reported less aggressive behaviour. The parent-report measures suggested a similar trend. Children with chronic illness also tended to display more submissive behaviour than healthy norms, as perceived by their parents. With regard to illness characteristics, both physical restrictions and pain were associated with restricted social activities, but not with other measures of social peer interaction. Children who display submissive behaviour and children who are restricted in their social activities should receive extra attention because they are especially vulnerable for problems in their social development.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Functional, social and psychosexual adjustment after vaginal reconstruction.

PURPOSE: We assessed the long-term functional, social and psychosexual outcome in children who underwent vaginal reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We interviewed and assessed the psychological development of 16 women 17 to 28 years old (mean age 22) who underwent vaginal reconstruction only or in combination with other urogenital reconstructive procedures at ages 11 months to 18 years (mean 8.8). Psychological measures included the Beck Depression Inventory, Draw-a-Person test and Linkowski acceptance of disability scale as well as a standard questionnaire evaluating the sexual adjustment, social adjustment and ability for self-support of these women. RESULTS: Mean Beck Depression Inventory was 8.5 with less than 9 defined as minimal depression. Mean acceptance of disability score was 83.9 (range 54 to 94), indicating that patients were well adjusted with respect to the disability. Functionally 10 women were satisfied with the appearance of the vagina, 4 were neutral and 2 were dissatisfied. A total of 12 patients had no doubts about their female identity but 2 had occasional, 1 had significant and 1 had chronic doubts. Of the 16 patients 12 have completed high school, 3 are still in high school and 1 has withdrawn from high school. Of the 12 women who have completed high school 9 are currently in college and 3 have completed college. Socially all 16 participants rated family relationships as good and 13 were at least satisfied with their social life. Of the 16 women 12 have had a sexual encounter, including 1 who did not achieve orgasm. Six women are involved in long-term relationships, of whom 1 is married. In regard to the future all patients believe that they will be independent and financially stable with a fulfilling career. CONCLUSIONS: While women who have undergone vaginal reconstruction may be at risk for avoiding interpersonal relationships and sexual intimacy, we did not note this finding in our series. The majority of these patients were well adjusted to their physical condition, and had a high level of education and a stable family life.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1999

Long-term physical, psychological, and social functioning of children with esophageal atresia.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Little is known about the long-term psychosocial functioning of children with esophageal atresia (EA). The physical, psychological, and social functioning of children with EA was studied using standardized assessment procedures, and relations between medical and social background variables and outcome were investigated. METHODS: Subjects were 36 children (20 boys, 16 girls; mean age 10.2 years) with EA. Fourteen children had minor and 11 children had major associated congenital anomalies. According to the "Montreal" classification, eight children with major congenital anomalies who also had been dependent on artificial ventilation as newborns fell into the high-risk class. The children were subjected to an intelligence test. Parents completed standardized questionnaires concerning emotional and behavioral problems, psychosocial stress, and family functioning; children completed questionnaires concerning depression and self-esteem; and teachers completed questionnaires concerning emotional and behavioral problems. Results were compared with normative data from the general population, and correlations between background and outcome variables were computed. RESULTS: According to Desjardins' classification, 16 children had excellent, nine children had good, and four children had fair outcome. The mean intelligence quotient (IQ) of the children was 90.2, which is almost 10 points lower than the standardized norm of 100 (P < .01). High-risk children (n = 7) had a significantly lower IQ (mean IQ, 79.4; P < .05). Five times as many children (n = 8; 22%) as in the general population (4%) required special education (P < .001). More than twice as many children (30% to 35%) as in the general population (15%) showed elevated rates of emotional and behavioral problems as reported by parents and teachers (P < .02). The children did not report more negative self-esteem or more depressive symptoms than children in the general population. Children with a lower IQ reported lower scholastic competence (r = .38, P < .05) and showed more emotional and behavioral problems as reported by teachers (r = -.43, P < .05). Family functioning and levels of psychosocial stress were the same as in the general population. Children in worse functioning families showed more emotional and behavioral problems as reported by parents (r = .37, P < .05) and higher depression scores as reported by themselves (r = .47, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: In a follow-up study using standardized assessment procedures, it was shown that children with EA have more learning, emotional, and behavioral problems than children in the general population. A high-risk group of children with major associated congenital anomalies who had been ventilated as a newborn, were at special risk for cognitive problems.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1999

Relationship between maternal church attendance and adolescent mental health and social functioning.

OBJECTIVE: This study compared maternal attendance at religious services with standard demographic characteristics such as race, type of religion, and mother's education in terms of their relative association with the behavioral and social functioning of young adolescents. METHODS: The Child Health and Illness Profile--Adolescent Edition and the Children's Depression Inventory were used to screen 445 youths age 11 through 13 who were randomly selected from two public middle schools in Baltimore. Based on the findings, the investigators selected a sample of 143 youths in which approximately two-thirds were at risk of having a psychiatric disorder and the remaining third were unlikely to have a psychiatric disorder. The youths and their mothers were interviewed at home to determine the mothers' frequency of participation in religious services and the youths' self-reported health and mental health status and social role functioning. RESULTS: Youths whose mothers attended religious services at least once a week had greater overall satisfaction with their lives, more involvement with their families, and better skills in solving health-related problems and felt greater support from friends compared with youths whose mothers had lower levels of participation in religious services. Maternal attendance at religious services had a strong association with the youths' outcome in overall satisfaction with health and perceived social support from friends, although family income was the strongest predictor of five other aspects of functioning, including academic performance. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent maternal participation in religious services was associated with healthy functioning and well-being in this sample of young adolescents. This association is as important as or more important than associations involving other traditional demographic variables, with the exception of family income.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Functional, social, and psychological disability as causes of loss of weight and independence in older community-living people.

This article reviews functional, social, and psychological disabilities that relate to weight loss and independence in older community residents and suggests possible ways in which these factors may be alleviated. Although these disabilities clearly interact with one another as causes of failure to thrive, this article is organized into three major sections: functional disability, psychological and social factors, and malnutrition. In-depth geriatric assessment provides directions to reverse or halt failure to thrive. Using case materials, possible interventions are presented; these include dietary changes, a carefully planned program of physical exercise, treatment for depression, and a combination of social and environmental "prescriptions" designed to reduce social and emotional isolation. Appropriate social supports are also necessary, as is careful attention to how caregiver stress may be reduced through suitable interventions.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of mastectomy on self-concept and social function: a combined cross-sectional and longitudinal study with comparison groups.

Self-concept and social function following radical, modified radical or simple mastectomy for Stage I or II breast cancer, breast biopsy for benign breast disease, cholecystectomy or no operative procedure were measured across a fifteen-month period in a cross-sectional design and across a twelve-month period in a repeated measures design. Women selected for study were without other preexisting mental or physical illness. The degree of disability observed following mastectomy was considerably less than previously reported in uncontrolled studies, with the incidence of actual disturbance extremely small. Women receiving adjuvant therapies following mastectomy, but not women treated by mastectomy alone, reported significantly more body-image dissatisfaction and feminine self-image concerns than the comparison groups. The findings refute previously published impressions of severe psychosocial maladjustments following mastectomy. The study suggests that post-mastectomy women vulnerable to poorer outcome would be those with lower expectations of good quality social support, other present life stressors, other pre-existing chronic diseases, and a disposition to believe in life outcomes as less under their own control.

Adult↗