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PubMedDate not supplied

Still confused about rose bengal?

We have surveyed the ophthalmic literature of the last five years in an attempt to evaluate the use and usefulness of Rose Bengal staining as an aid to differential diagnosis in dry eyes. Included both as a criterion and as an adjunct measure of disease progression, Rose Bengal scores of patients with different dry eye conditions overlap, sometimes to a considerable extent. A mechanistic link between staining with this dye and disease etiology is unlikely; however, Rose Bengal could be a surrogate marker of changes in ocular surface physiology. The question whether the extent and pattern of staining with Rose Bengal provide the clinician with information not available from other tests, and in particular from fluorescein staining of the ocular surface, has to be answered positively, though the nature of this information is not clearly understood. A more widespread recognition that Rose Bengal is not a vital dye is necessary in order not to bias the interpretation of experimental results.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1997

Enzyme-assisted cell photosensitization: a proposal for an efficient approach to tumor therapy and diagnosis. The rose bengal fluorogenic substrate.

Rose bengal, a xanthene derivative among the most efficient producer of singlet oxygen, was submitted to a chemical modification consisting in the introduction of an acetate group into the aromatic ring fluorophore structure. The acetate group acts as a quencher, thus inactivating both fluorescence and photosensitization properties of the molecule. In the modified structure, rose bengal acts as a fluorogenic substrate giving rise to the cellular reaction termed fluorochromasia. The acetate group is recognized by a carboxylic esterase activity that splits it. Removal of the quencher group results in restoring the native structure of photosensitizer inside the cells. The intracellular turnover of rose bengal acetate was studied in rat glioma-derived cultures cells, in terms of the balance of the processes of influx and enzyme hydrolysis of the fluorogenic substrate, and of the efflux of the fluorescent product. A large intracellular accumulation of photosensitizer is obtained when treatments are performed with the fluorogenic substrate, even at the drug concentration at which rose bengal does not enter the cells. The intracellular localization allows rose bengal to exert a more effective photosensitization effect. Provided that the quencher group is selected according to the metabolic properties of the tumor cells, the use of fluorogenic substrates as photosensitizer precursors could improve fluorescence diagnosis and the photodynamic therapy of tumors, exploiting the biological properties that distinguish pathological from normal conditions.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1992

Detection of early xerophthalmia by impression cytology and rose Bengal staining--a comparative study.

Twenty two cases were studied for early detection of Xerophthalmia by impression cytology and Rose Bengal staining. Patients were below 6 years of age and admitted in the paediatric ward of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Assessment were done by conjunctival impression cytology and staining with 1% Rose Bengal dye. Estimation of serum retinol level was done by HPLC to correlate conjunctival findings with biochemical status. The mean age of the subjects were 3.15 +/- 1.75. Rose Bengal staining was positive in 40% cases and impression cytology was in 60% cases. The mean serum retinol level of the diseased children were 10.5 +/- 3. ug/dl. The sensitivity of Rose Bengal staining was 53.3% and that of impression cytology was 80% in detecting vitamin A deficiency when compared with serum retinol level. The specificity of Rose Bengal staining was 40% and that of impression cytology was 100%. Sensitivity of impression cytology was 100% in patient with retinol level 10 ug/dl.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

[Use of the rose bengal test in the diagnosis of brucellosis in hares].

The diagnostic effectiveness of the Rose bengal test was verified in a set of 72 samples of the blood of hare shot in a focus of brucellosis; the blood was found to be serologically positive by the following methods: rapid agglutination with serum, surface fixation test, method of slow agglutination, and the complement fixation reaction. The Rose bengal test was found positive in 57 cases (79.17%), the surface agglutination test was positive in 60 cases (83.33%), rapid agglutination with serum in 41 cases (56.94%), slow agglutination in 55 cases (76.39%), and the complement-fixation reaction in 63 cases (87.50%). In nine cases (12.5%) a positive reaction was obtained only when the Rose bengal test was used. The results confirm that the Rose bengal test is a sensitive qualitative serological method of low technical and time requirements, suitable for routine diagnostic uses. In the field epizootological investigations in the foci of hare brucellosis, the Rose bengal test is a good screening serological method.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2001

Population-based prevention of eating disorders: an application of the Rose prevention model.

BACKGROUND: Several decades of concerted research on eating disorders have generated a broad range of proposed causal influences, but much of this etiologic research does not elucidate practical avenues for preventive interventions. Translating etiologic theory into community health interventions depends on the identification of key leverage points, factors that are amenable to public health intervention and provide an opportunity to maximize impact on the outcome of interest. Population-based preventive strategies, elaborated by epidemiologist Geoffrey Rose, can maximize the impact of public health interventions. In the case of eating disorders, Rose's model is instructive: Dieting stands out as risk behavior that may both fit Rose's model well and be a key leverage point for preventive intervention. METHODS: Grounded in Rose's work, this article lodges a theoretical argument for the population-based prevention of eating disorders. In the introductory section, existing research on the epidemiology of dieting is reviewed, showing that it is extremely common among adolescent girls and women and that the behavior has been implicated as a causal factor for disordered eating. Next, new evidence is offered to build a case for how a population-wide reduction in dieting may be an effective strategy for prevention of eating pathology. Finally Rose's prevention framework is used to introduce a unique and provocative perspective on the prevention of eating disorders. RESULTS: Dieting is a normative behavior in our culture with psychological and physiological effects in the causal chain leading to eating pathology. This behavior may represent an ideal target for population-based prevention. CONCLUSIONS: Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that a population-wide reduction in dieting may be a justifiable and effective strategy for prevention of eating pathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Rose hip and Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9843 reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury in the mouse colon.

Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) of the colon is an inflammatory condition that leads to tissue injury where reactive oxygen species play a central role. Rose hip is rich in biologically active polyphenols with antioxidative properties, which may be important in prevention of lipid peroxidation. L. plantarum DSM 9843 possesses enzymatic activity towards polyphenols. The objective of this study was to define the effect of oral administration of L. plantarum and rose hip in I/R injury. Administration of rose hip and L. plantarum significantly decreased MDA levels in caecum tissue and Enterobacteriaceae counts in caecum stool. A positive correlation between MDA levels and Enterobacteriaceae counts was found. The results support a synergistic/additive role of rose hip and L. plantarum in reducing lipid peroxidation. Therefore rose hip and L. plantarum may be used as a pretreatment to tissue injuries, e.g. colonic surgery, organ transplantation and vascular surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of a supplemented Rose Questionnaire to exercise thallium testing in men and women.

The Rose Questionnaire has had high specificity and variable sensitivity when compared to physician identification of the symptom complex of angina pectoris. We assessed the accuracy of a supplemented Rose Questionnaire in a series of 198 patients by comparing the Questionnaire to exercise thallium test evidence of coronary artery disease. The Rose diagnosis of angina had 26% sensitivity, 79% specificity, 42% positive predictive value, and 65% negative predictive value. The Rose diagnosis of myocardial infarction had 26% sensitivity and 90% specificity. The Rose diagnosis of angina or infarction yielded a sensitivity of 44%, specificity of 72%, positive predictive value of 67%, and negative predictive value of 50%. Supplemental questions designed to identify atypical ischemic pain led to increased sensitivity of up to 68% that was offset by decreased specificity. While the Questionnaire's sensitivity for coronary disease was greater for women than men (57 vs 40%), the overall accuracy was the same because specificity was lower (63 vs 80%).

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed2005

In vitro propagation of rose--a review.

In vitro propagation of rose has played a very important role in rapid multiplication of cultivars with desirable traits and production of healthy and disease-free plants. During the last several years, different approaches have been made for in vitro propagation of rose. Micropropagation using apical buds or nodal segments and understanding the specific requirements at different stages has been comprehensively covered in literature. New challenges for refinements of protocols for high rate of shoot multiplication and development of cost effective methods has gained importance in the recent past. Importance of liquid static culture for shoot proliferation and root induction for rose is also discussed in the present review. Further, the development of protocol for in vitro plant regeneration which is considered as most important step for successful implementation of various biotechnological techniques used for plant improvement programmes has been adequately addressed in literature. In rose, there are several reports which indicate rapid regeneration and multiplication through organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis. On the whole, the present review gives a consolidated account of in vitro propagation in rose.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1999

Rose questionnaire angina in younger men and women: gender differences in the relationship to cardiovascular risk factors and other reported symptoms.

Cross-sectional data from the Whitehall II study baseline were used to identify factors that may lead to the high levels of Rose angina reporting in women. 134 (4.0%) of 3350 women and 164 (2.4%) of 6830 men reported angina (P<0.001). Women with Rose angina had a poorer cardiovascular risk profile (degree of obesity, serum cholesterol and apolipoprotein B, blood pressure) and more electrocardiogram abnormalities (ST and T changes) than women without angina, but the associations were generally weaker than in men. Women who reported many other physical symptoms had a high prevalence of Rose angina (9.7%). Adjustment for symptom reporting reduced the age-adjusted gender difference to odds ratio (OR) = 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56-1.56) for subjects with no symptoms, and to OR = 1.42 (95% CI = 1.05-1.90) for subjects at the upper quartile of symptom score. Among women a high level of general symptom reporting was associated with General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) minor psychiatric morbidity (51.9% prevalence), but GHQ caseness does not appear to be a predictor of Rose angina (OR 1.22 [0.67-2.21]) in this group. Coronary artery disease risk is raised in women with Rose angina, and this remains true in groups with high levels of general symptom reporting.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Different evolutionary histories of two Phragmidium species infecting the same dog rose hosts.

Rust fungi in the genus Phragmidium are frequent pathogens of both wild and cultivated roses. We investigated the occurrence and relationships of rusts on dog roses, Rosa sect. Caninae (Rosa canina, R. corymbifera and R. rubiginosa) in Germany. Two Phragmidium species, P. mucronatum and P. tuberculatum, were able to infect each of the three dog rose species examined. However, the overall infection of R. rubiginosa was significantly lower, which could be important for rose breeding. Despite overlapping host ranges, the evolutionary background of P. tuberculatum and P. mucronatum is quite distinct. Phylogenetic analyses of the D1/D2 region of the LSU rDNA suggest that P. mucronatum shares a common ancestor with other rose rusts, whereas P. tuberculatum evolved from a Rubus-Sanguisorba rust clade and must have undergone a host shift to Rosa spp.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed2001

Leaf cuticular waxes of potted rose cultivars as affected by plant development, drought and paclobutrazol treatments.

The present work was carried out to evaluate how plant growth and cultural practices influence the amount and composition of cuticular waxes on leaves of rose cultivars. The total amount of cuticular wax per leaf area was higher for rose cultivar Apollo Parade than for Charming Parade. Both cultivars had waxes dominated by alkanes, with the major alkanes being the C31 and C33 homologues. Primary alcohols were the next most abundant constituent class, with C26 as the dominant homologue. Compared with Charming Parade, Apollo Parade had higher proportions of its total wax load as primary alcohols but lower acids and aldehydes. The proportion of alkanes in the total load on these cultivars was similar. Commercially produced roses are routinely treated with paclobutrazol (PBZ) to retard growth. PBZ treatments caused a 10% increase in total wax load and changes in the proportions of certain wax constituents within 11 days of application. Notable was an increase in the total proportion of acids in the total load 25 days after PBZ application, primarily because of increased C28 acids. An alternative method of retarding plant growth is production of roses under limited water availability. When Apollo Parade roses experienced periods of moderate drought stress during production, the wax load per leaf area increased 14 and 8% above control levels at 24 and 38 days after imposition of drought, respectively. Drought caused similar changes in the proportions of individual wax constituents as did PBZ application.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

[Value of complementary medicine exemplified by rose-hips].

Rose-hips develop from blossoms of the wild rose (rosa canina) and are a popular natural remedy. Laboratory experiments have shown that rose-hip extract inhibits lipid oxidation in vitro and reduces the chemotaxis and chemoluminescence of leucocytes. In clinical studies serum CRP- und creatinine level declined in healthy subjects and patients with osteoarthritis under rose-hip treatment. Additionally patients suffering from osteoarthritis reported that physical symptoms declined. Data from a randomised controlled trial indicate not only that pain significantly declined but also flexion of the hip improved in the active treatment group. The anti-inflammatory properties of rose-hip are useful as a natural treatment in patients with osteoarthritis. It remains to be proven which of the components are responsible for these effects. There is some evidence that in addition to the high vitamin content flavonoids may be actively involved.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed2005

Role of petal-specific orcinol O-methyltransferases in the evolution of rose scent.

Orcinol O-methyltransferase (OOMT) 1 and 2 catalyze the last two steps of the biosynthetic pathway leading to the phenolic methyl ether 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (DMT), the major scent compound of many rose (Rosa x hybrida) varieties. Modern roses are descended from both European and Chinese species, the latter being producers of phenolic methyl ethers but not the former. Here we investigated why phenolic methyl ether production occurs in some but not all rose varieties. In DMT-producing varieties, OOMTs were shown to be localized specifically in the petal, predominantly in the adaxial epidermal cells. In these cells, OOMTs become increasingly associated with membranes during petal development, suggesting that the scent biosynthesis pathway catalyzed by these enzymes may be directly linked to the cells' secretory machinery. OOMT gene sequences were detected in two non-DMT-producing rose species of European origin, but no mRNA transcripts were detected, and these varieties lacked both OOMT protein and enzyme activity. These data indicate that up-regulation of OOMT gene expression may have been a critical step in the evolution of scent production in roses.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Comparative biochemistry of the oxidative burst produced by rose and french bean cells reveals two distinct mechanisms

Cultured cells of rose (Rosa damascena) treated with an elicitor derived from Phytophthora spp. and suspension-cultured cells of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) treated with an elicitor derived from the cell walls of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum both produced H2O2. It has been hypothesized that in rose cells H2O2 is produced by a plasma membrane NAD(P)H oxidase (superoxide synthase), whereas in bean cells H2O2 is derived directly from cell wall peroxidases following extracellular alkalinization and the appearance of a reductant. In the rose/Phytophthora spp. system treated with N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate, superoxide was detected by a N, N'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridium dinitrate-dependent chemiluminescence; in contrast, in the bean/C. lindemuthianum system, no superoxide was detected, with or without N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate. When rose cells were washed free of medium (containing cell wall peroxidase) and then treated with Phytophthora spp. elicitor, they accumulated a higher maximum concentration of H2O2 than when treated without the washing procedure. In contrast, a washing treatment reduced the H2O2 accumulated by French bean cells treated with C. lindemuthianum elicitor. Rose cells produced reductant capable of stimulating horseradish (Armoracia lapathifolia) peroxidase to form H2O2 but did not have a peroxidase capable of forming H2O2 in the presence of reductant. Rose and French bean cells thus appear to be responding by different mechanisms to generate the oxidative burst.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

A cell line, ROSE 199, derived from normal rat ovarian surface epithelium.

A cell line, ROSE 199, derived from rat ovarian surface epithelium (ROSE) formed papillary structures which resembled, histologically, serous papillary cystadenomas of borderline malignancy seen in the human ovary. Crowded cultures produced two layers of cells separated by a thick layer of collagen fibers. Such cultures shed viable cells into the growth medium, while no cells were shed by short-term ROSE cultures. The resemblance to ovarian tumors exhibited by ROSE 199 cells in culture, reinforces the hypothesis that the common epithelial tumors of the ovary are derived from the ovarian surface epithelium. ROSE 199 cells, while retaining their epithelial morphology and ultrastructural characteristics, express stromal activity such as abundant collagen production. Perhaps this ability to express epithelial and stromal behavior is a contributing factor to the ready neoplastic transformation of the ovarian surface epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Effect of alcohol extract of Zingben officinale rose on immunologic function of mice with tumor].

In order to study the effect of alcohol extract of Zingben officinzle rose on immunologic function of mice with tumor, mice are orally administrated with dose of 10 g/kg and 40 g/kg alcohol extract of Zingben officinale rose. The thymus index, spleen index, percentage of phagocytosis, rate of alpha-ANAE+ and level of hymolysin(IgM) are use in the study as the parameters to evaluate the effect of alcohol extract of Zingben officinale rose on non-specific and specific immune function of mice with tumor. The results indicate that alcohol extract of Zingben officinale rose can raise significantly the thymus index, spleen index, percentage of phagocytosis, rate of alpha-ANAE+ and titer of IgM of mice with tumor indicating that alcohol extract of Zingben officinale rose can improve significantly the status immunologic function in mice inadequacy of mice with tumor.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2004

Determination of chlorpyrifos 20% EC (Dursban 20 EC) in scented rose and its products.

The method for determination of chlorpyrifos is validated and dissipation behaviour of residue in scented rose and percent transfer in different products is described. GC-electron-capture detection with a HP-1, 30 m x 0.53 mm, 3.0 microm capillary column and nitrogen at 1 ml/min was used in the study. Plant matrices studied were: leaves, flowers, soil, rose water, absolute and concrete. Detector response linearity and sensitivity, limit of detection and determination, percent recovery were determined based on area response (mm2) of the standard. Analytical field and laboratory samples (rose water by hydro-distillation of the flowers, concrete and absolute by hexane extraction and condensation) were analysed for evaluation of the method. Samples were extracted with acetone, partitioned with water, saturated sodium chloride solution and dichloromethane. The organic layer was rotary-evaporated to 2 ml for cleanup with silica-carbon column. The column was eluted with dichloromethane-toluene-acetone (10:2:2, v/v/v) and the derived solution was rotary-evaporated to 5 ml for end analysis. Matrix enhancement effect was observed for leaf and soil samples for which corrective approach was followed to compensate for overestimation of the residue. Limit of detection for chlorpyrifos standard was 0.05 mg/l with good linearity of detector response (R2 = 0.99). Percent recovery ranged from 78 to 117% in different plant matrices (fortification level 1, 4 and 8 mg/l). Dissipation behaviour showed that chlorpyrifos was below detection limit by the 12th day of application on the scented rose with half life of 3.40 days on leaves and 3.10 days on flowers at 0.1% dosage. Percent transfer studies showed that 5.71, 46.91 and 38.80% of the residue from flowers was transferred to rose water, concrete and absolute, respectively.

Calibration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational asthma, eosinophil and skin prick tests and serum total IgE values of the workers in a plant manufacturing rose oil.

This study was aimed to determine the rate of occupational asthma (OA) in workers at a rose extracting plant. Specific clinical tests of 52 workers, randomly chosen from four local rose extracting plants, were statistically compared with the test results of 30 local control subjects of similar age and sex as the plant workers, but who had never worked in such a plant. There were no significant differences in pulmonary function tests (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR) between the control and test groups. Significantly higher serum total IgE values (p < 0.0001) were observed for the test subjects (239.08+/-240 IU/ml) compared to the control subjects (81.33+/-61.45 IU/ml). There were also significant differences (p < 0.0001) in the number of eosinophils between the control and test groups, with corresponding mean values of 2.28+/-2.75% and 0.73+/-1.72%, respectively. A specifically prepared skin prick test using a rose allergen (Rosa domescena) was positive for 53.84% in the test subjects whereas only 5.33% positive test results were seen in the control group. We have demonstrated the involvement of Rosa domescena pollen in occupational allergy, through IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. It was concluded that the workers of a rose oil extracting plant are more susceptible to the rose pollens.

Adult↗