Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “hepatic function”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Acute effects of acetylsalicylic acid on renal and hepatic function in normal humans.

The effect of a single oral dose (1 g) of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on renal function and hepatic enzymes as well as prothrombin time was studied in two series of experiments on normal human volunteers. Radioimmunoassay of albumin and beta 2-microglobulin excretion rates in urine revealed a statistically significant increase in both beta 2-microglobulin and albumin excretion rates within 2 h after dosage. Hepatic enzymes were not influenced by a single dose of ASA, while a statistically significant reduction in prothrombin time was registered. High-pressure liquid chromatography was used for measuring serum levels of ASA and salicylic acid (SA). Peak levels of 500 mumol/l and 150 mumol/l for SA and ASA, respectively, were found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Changes in hepatic functional reserve after transcatheter embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. Assessment by maximal removal rate of indocyanine green.

To clarify the influence of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) on hepatic function, the maximal removal rate of indocyanine green (ICG-Rmax), which represents the hepatic functional reserve, and the plasma disappearance rate of indocyanine green (k-ICG) were measured serially before and after 15 TAE procedures performed on 13 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with underlying hepatic diseases. Compared to the values before TAE, ICG-Rmax values did not change or gradually decreased during 4 weeks in seven of the 13 patients but markedly decreased in the remaining six by as much as 50% during the first week. k-ICG values remained almost unchanged at any time after TAE. Albumin and prothrombin time were serially measured before and after 24 TAE procedures performed on 21 HCC patients with underlying hepatic diseases in whom no plasma products had been used for therapy. Albumin decreased by up to 75% in one of the 21 patients during the first week but did not change or gradually decreased in 20 of the 21 patients. Prothrombin time showed no obvious changes. This study showed that prominent changes occurred in ICG-Rmax, i.e., in the hepatic functional reserve, after TAE.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Autoantibodies and immunoglobulins in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Relation to measurements of hepatic function and hemodynamics.

In order to evaluate the possible relation between hepatic function and hemodynamics and the increased humoral immune response of cirrhotic patients, titres of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) and concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, A and M were determined in 74 consecutive patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Patients showed significantly (p less than 0.05) increased prevalences of ANA and SMA and concentrations of Ig G, A and M when compared to controls. No significant correlations were found between titres of ANA or SMA and hepatic scan score, galactose elimination capacity, indocyanine green clearance, hepatic blood flow and wedged-to-free hepatic vein pressure. Hepatic scan score correlated directly (rho = 0.38, p less than 0.05) to IgA concentrations; wedged-to-free hepatic vein pressure correlated directly to IgG concentrations (rho = 0.35, p less than 0.05) and to IgM concentrations (rho = 0.42, p less than 0.01). No other significant correlations were found between Ig concentrations and variables of hepatic function or hemodynamics.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Expression of fetal and neonatal hepatic functions by mouse hepatoma-rat hepatoma hybrids.

In order to analyze the mechanisms implicated in the expression of differentiated functions during development, we have studied ten hybrid clones arising from fusion of cells of a mouse hepatoma characterized by the expression of only fetal hepatic functions with those of a rat hepatoma which express, like adult hepatocytes, a set of neonatal as well as fetal hepatic functions. The cells of most hybrid clones contain one set of chromosomes of each parent and coexpress the hepatic functions common to both parents. Among the hepatic proteins characteristic of only one parental line, some continue to be expressed while others are extinguished. The three functions out of the eight examined which are subject to extinction are expressed uniquely by the rat parental cells and appear only near or at birth during normal liver development. These results suggest that regulatory mechanisms (whose final effect is negative) operate in fetal cells to inhibit the expression of differentiated functions limited to a later stage of development.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Renal and systemic hemodynamics in experimental cirrhosis in rats: relation to hepatic function.

The onset of sodium retention in the phenobarbital and carbon tetrachloride model of cirrhosis in the rat is preceded by a linear decrease in hepatic function as measured by the aminopyrine breath test. Sodium retention occurs when liver function decreases below a critical threshold. Changes in systemic hemodynamics may be responsible for initiating the development of renal sodium retention. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between hepatic function and systemic and renal hemodynamics of experimental cirrhosis in rats maintained on a constant salt diet. Cirrhosis was induced in phenobarbital-treated rats by weekly administration of carbon tetrachloride. The aminopyrine breath test served as a measure of hepatic function. Three groups of animals were studied to evaluate the contribution of changes in systemic and renal hemodynamics to the onset of sodium retention: a group with sodium retention and aminopyrine breath test results just below the critical threshold, a group without sodium retention and aminopyrine breath test results just above the critical threshold and a phenobarbital-treated control group. In each group, urinary sodium excretion, renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, mean arterial pressure and arterial and renal venous plasma renin activities were determined. A progressive, significant reduction in mean arterial pressure was seen, comparing controls with the other two groups. No differences in renal plasma flow were observed between the three groups, but glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction were slightly reduced in the sodium-retaining group compared with the non-retaining group and controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aminopyrine↗
PubMed2005

Estradiol improves cardiac and hepatic function after trauma-hemorrhage: role of enhanced heat shock protein expression.

Although studies indicate that 17beta-estradiol administration after trauma-hemorrhage (T-H) improves cardiac and hepatic functions, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Because the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) can protect cardiac and hepatic functions, we hypothesized that these proteins contribute to the salutary effects of estradiol after T-H. To test this hypothesis, male Sprague-Dawley rats ( approximately 300 g) underwent laparotomy and hemorrhagic shock (35-40 mmHg for approximately 90 min) followed by resuscitation with four times the shed blood volume in the form of Ringer lactate. 17beta-estradiol (1 mg/kg body wt) was administered at the end of the resuscitation. Five hours after T-H and resuscitation there was a significant decrease in cardiac output, positive and negative maximal rate of left ventricular pressure. Liver function as determined by bile production and indocyanine green clearance was also compromised after T-H and resuscitation. This was accompanied by an increase in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and liver perfusate lactic dehydrogenase levels. Furthermore, circulating levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10 were also increased. In addition to decreased cardiac and hepatic function, there was an increase in cardiac HSP32 expression and a reduction in HSP60 expression after T-H. In the liver, HSP32 and HSP70 were increased after T-H. There was no change in heart HSP70 and liver HSP60 after T-H and resuscitation. Estradiol administration at the end of T-H and resuscitation increased heart/liver HSPs expression, ameliorated the impairment of heart/liver functions, and significantly prevented the increase in plasma levels of ALT, TNF-alpha, and IL-6. The ability of estradiol to induce HSPs expression in the heart and the liver suggests that HSPs, in part, mediate the salutary effects of 17beta-estradiol on organ functions after T-H.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of hepatic function.

Nine articles published since January 1992 on new methods of evaluating hepatic function are reviewed. These articles described the clinical significance of blood levels of cytokines, fibrin- or fibrinogen-related antigens, vitronectin, and endothelin, and of magnetic resonance spectroscopy, methionine metabolism, vasopressin clearance, vascular compliance, and radioreceptor imaging in gastroenterology. None of the methods have yet been applied to surgery. In addition, the redox theory, the evaluation of hepatic mitochondrial redox potential by arterial ketone body ratio and its clinical application, is introduced, and recent publications on the assessment of graft viability in liver transplantation and preoperative hepatic functional reserve in liver surgery based on the theory are reviewed.

Critical Care↗
PubMed1975

Effect of intrahepatically implanted islets of Langerhans on hepatic function in the rat.

Diabetes mellitus is satisfactorily controlled in the rat by hepatic implantation of isolated, isologous pancreatic islets. The transplanted islets appear to be viable for at least 6 months after implantation, and hepatic function studies (serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, prothrombin time) and microscopic examination indicate that they do not interfere with hepatic function.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2004

Mechanism of salutary effects of androstenediol on hepatic function after trauma-hemorrhage: role of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase.

Recent studies have shown that administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) after trauma-hemorrhage (T-H) improves cardiovascular and hepatic function in male animals. Although androstenediol, one of the DHEA metabolites, has been recently reported to produce salutary effects on cardiac function and splanchnic perfusion after T-H, it remains unknown whether androstenediol per se has any salutary effects on hepatic function under those conditions. To study this, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent laparotomy and approximately 90 min of hemorrhagic shock (35-40 mmHg), followed by resuscitation with four times the shed blood volume in the form of Ringer lactate. Androstenediol (1 mg/kg body wt iv) was administered at the end of resuscitation, and the animals were killed 24 h later. T-H significantly reduced portal blood flow, bile production, and serum albumin levels. Portal pressure, serum alanine aminotransferase, hepatic nitrate/nitrite, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and endothelin-1 markedly increased after T-H. The alterations in these parameters induced by T-H were significantly attenuated in rats treated with androstenediol. Endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression, which was not different between T-H and sham, was found to be significantly elevated in T-H androstenediol-treated rats. These data suggest that improvement in hepatic perfusion by androstenediol after T-H is likely due to a decrease in endothelin-1 and induction of eNOS. Moreover, the decrease in hepatic damage after androstenediol administration is likely related to liver iNOS downregulation. Thus androstenediol appears to be a novel and useful adjunct for restoring hepatic function in male animals after adverse circulatory conditions.

Androstenediol↗
PubMed1992

Recommendations for the investigation of abnormal hepatic function in asymptomatic workers.

Occupational medicine programs use medical surveillance tests to measure physiologic parameters that may be affected by workplace exposures. Surveillance tests can detect early detrimental changes before workers manifest recognizable symptoms. Hepatic function testing is one type of surveillance test used to monitor workers exposed to hepatotoxins. However, a significant proportion of these test reports return showing abnormal hepatic function without a readily apparent etiology. Follow-up investigation of abnormal liver enzyme tests is a commonly encountered problem in occupational medicine clinics. The algorithm proposed in this paper will outline a systematic approach for investigating abnormal hepatic function tests from asymptomatic workers.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1991

Functional hepatic imaging with receptor-binding radiopharmaceutical: clinical potential as a measure of functioning hepatocyte mass.

Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) is a hepatic cell surface receptor specific for galactose-terminated glycoproteins. Technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-galactosyl human serum albumin (TcGSA) is a newly developed analog ligand to ASGP-R. Fourteen human subjects were studied: three normal volunteers, one with chronic hepatitis, 6 with liver cirrhosis, and 4 with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with liver cirrhosis. The receptor index parameter (LHL15), was obtained from the liver and heart time-activity data as the ratio of radioactivity of the liver over that of the liver plus heart at 15 min after intravenous injection of 1 mg of TcGSA. Means +/- standard deviations of LHL15 in normal volunteers (3 cases), patients with mild (4 cases), moderate (2 cases), and severe liver damage (5 cases) were 0.933 +/- 0.006, 0.789 +/- 0.045, 0.723 +/- 0.033, and 0.488 +/- 0.094, respectively. The difference between the mean values of each group was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). LHL15 correlated well with classical indicators for hepatic functional capacity such as serum albumin level, serum bilirubin level, prothrombin time, ICG R15 or Child-Turcotte criteria score. Our preliminary experiences of high correlations of TcGSA functional imaging data with clinical data suggest that the dynamic data using this receptor-binding radiopharmaceutical provides invaluable information with regard to liver function, and thus, the TcGSA study is potentially a noninvasive practical tool to measure functioning hepatocyte mass.

Asialoglycoprotein Receptor↗
PubMed1991

[Analysis of the clinical effect of Adelavin infusion during enflurane anesthesia on post-operative hepatic function].

The protective effect of Adelavin, which is made of liver essence, for maintaining postoperative hepatic function was analysed in 85 patients who had enflurane anesthesia. The patients who showed hepatic dysfunction preoperatively were excluded from this trial. Adelavin was infused at a speed of 0.1 mg.kg-1.hr-1 during anesthesia. The group who had upper abdominal surgery in the Adelavin group showed significantly lower incidence of postoperative hepatic dysfunction. The group who had only enflurane anesthesia in the Adelavin group showed significantly lower incidence of postoperative hepatic dysfunction. These results suggest that the Adelavin infusion has a significant protective effect on hepatic function after enflurane anesthesia.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1986

Kinetics of disopyramide in decreased hepatic function.

The elimination kinetics of disopyramide was studied in 9 patients with decreased hepatic function (DHF) due to histologically verified cirrhosis of the liver, and in 11 patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Disopyramide 100 and 150 mg was given intravenously as a bolus to the patients with IHD and DHF, respectively, followed by a continuous infusion of disopyramide 0.3 (DHF group) and 0.4 mg X min-1 (IHD group) until steady-state was achieved. A significant (p less than 0.001) positive correlation between the percentage unbound and total serum concentration of disopyramide was demonstrated in both groups. The percentage of unbound disopyramide at a total serum concentration of 5.9 mumol X l-1 was 45.5% and 19.4% in the DHF and IHD groups, respectively. A negative correlation (r = -0,751, p less than 0.05, and r = -0.827, p less than 0.01 in the IHD and DHF patients, respectively) between the free fraction of disopyramide and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was observed. The serum concentration of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, the major binding protein of disopyramide, was significantly lower in the patients with DHF. The clearance of unbound disopyramide and its total volume of distribution and half-life were significantly lower in the DHF patients. No difference in total elimination clearance could be demonstrated. The clinical implication of the present findings appear to be that the dosage of disopyramide should be reduced by 25% when it is given intravenously to patients with decreased hepatic function.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Hepatic function in workers occupationally exposed to carbon tetrachloride.

OBJECTIVES: To identify any differences in hepatic function between workers exposed to carbon tetrachloride and controls, and to identify the best variable with which to examine any effects. METHODS: In a cross sectional study of hepatic function in workers occupationally exposed to carbon tetrachloride, 135 exposed employees were compared with 276 non-exposed controls. The exposed group was taken from three sites in the north west of England and the control group included non-exposed workers from one of these sites and another site located nearby. Demographic and alcohol consumption data were collected from both groups by questionnaire. Each member of the study group was allotted a notional estimated exposure to carbon tetrachloride, calculated from historic personal monitoring data and job category. A fasting sample of blood was taken from all participants and analysed for a variety of biochemical and haematological variables. The techniques of univariate and multivariate analysis of variance were used to investigate the effect on biochemical and haematological indices of a range of factors. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis of variance of four core liver function variables, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase, showed a significant difference between exposed and non-exposed workers. The univariate analyses identified increases in only alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase within the exposed group and these did not show a significant dose-response relation. Univariate analysis of variance did show effects of alcohol and age on several variables. Significant differences between exposed and control groups for three haematological variables, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, and red blood count, were thought not to be due to the effects of exposure. Clinical review of exposed subjects with abnormal results did not show clinically evident disease that could have been associated with exposure to carbon tetrachloride. Also, a follow up study conducted three years after the cross sectional study at the site with highest exposures to carbon tetrachloride showed no evidence of any further changes in liver function variables. CONCLUSIONS: The most sensitive statistical methods have shown significant differences in the liver function variables measured between people exposed to carbon tetrachloride and the control group. The interpretation of the data collected was that these differences may be due to exposure to carbon tetrachloride but this was not clearly shown. Furthermore, the changes found have not given rise to any clinical disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Salutary effects of androstenediol on hepatic function after trauma-hemorrhage are mediated via peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma.

BACKGROUND: A recent study suggested that administration of androstenediol (Adiol) after trauma-hemorrhage (T-H) improves hepatic functions; however, the mechanism responsible for the salutary effect of Adiol remains unknown. Although studies indicate similarities and association between the anti-inflammatory properties of Adiol and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), whether the salutary effects of Adiol are mediated via upregulation of PPARgamma remains unclear. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent laparotomy and approximately 90 minutes of hemorrhagic shock (40 mm Hg), followed by resuscitation with 4 times the shed blood volume in the form of Ringer's lactate. Adiol (1 mg per kilogram of body weight, iv) was administered at the end of resuscitation. An additional group of rats were treated with PPARgamma antagonist (GW9662, 1 mg/kg ip) along with Adiol and the rats were sacrificed 5 hours thereafter. RESULTS: Hepatic functions were markedly depressed and plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein and endothelin-1 were markedly increased after T-H. DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B and AP-1, and gene expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and endothelin-1 in the liver also increased significantly. These parameters were attenuated by Adiol treatment. These effects were accompanied an increased DNA-binding activity of PPARgamma in T-H-Adiol-treated rats. Treatment of rats with GW9662 prevented the salutary effects of Adiol after T-H. CONCLUSIONS: Since blockade of PPARgamma prevented the salutary effects of Adiol on hepatic functions and proinflammatory factors, this finding suggests that Adiol mediated its salutary effects after T-H via the PPARgamma-related pathways.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed1997

Hepatic metabolism of paclitaxel and its impact in patients with altered hepatic function.

Paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) has been demonstrated to be an active anticancer agent, including in platinum-refractory ovarian cancer. The pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel have been extensively described. It displays nonlinear pharmacokinetics in humans, especially when administered in shorter infusion times and at higher doses. Several relationships have been established between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. In both animal and human studies, hepatic metabolism and biliary excretion have been identified as the main elimination pathways of paclitaxel. It thus can be expected that hepatic dysfunction will have a major impact on the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel and its main metabolite 6alpha-hydroxypaclitaxel and, thus, on pharmacodynamic outcome (toxicities and responses). Because patients with an altered hepatic function were excluded from most phase I and II studies conducted thus far, little is known about the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in this group of patients. This report summarizes paclitaxel's metabolism and clinical observations concerning its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients with altered hepatic function. It has been shown that hepatic impairment has a great influence on the systemic exposure of paclitaxel and metabolites with pharmacodynamic consequences. A decrease of biliary elimination is probably the major mechanistic effect that influences paclitaxel metabolism and elimination. Specific dosing guidelines in the treatment of patients with altered hepatic function are required.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Prediction of the safe limits of hepatectomy by combined volumetric and functional measurements in patients with impaired hepatic function.

By use of computed tomography measurements, preoperative estimations of the safe limits of hepatic resection have been attempted in 38 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent hepatectomies of varying degrees. Twenty eight (73.7%) of these 38 patients had cirrhosis. Preoperative computed tomography estimations of volume of liver and hepatocellular carcinoma have been compared with measured volume of the resected specimens. The average differences between the estimated and actual volumes of resected liver and hepatocellular carcinoma were within 10% and 7%, respectively. To quantify the extent of hepatectomy, the "parenchymal hepatic resection rate" (formula: see text) was provided. As an indicator of functional impairment of the liver, the retention rate 15 minutes after an intravenous injection of indocyanine green dye (ICG) at 0.5 mg/kg (ICG R15) was used. A close correlation was observed between the parenchymal hepatic resection rate and ICG R15 relative to the patients' outcome, indicating their potential use in the prediction of the safe limits of hepatectomy and the probable development of posthepatectomy liver failure.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of plasma time-activity curves of technetium-99m-mebrofenin for measurement of hepatic function in dogs.

In this study, plasma time-activity curves of 99mTc-mebrofenin were used to quantify hepatic function in dogs before and after induction of hepatic damage using a hepatotoxic agent. Nine dogs were determined to be healthy on the basis of physical examination, laboratory data and hepatic imaging. Plasma samples were collected 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes following a peripheral venous injection of 111-222 MBq (3-6 mCi) of 99mTc-mebrofenin. The area under the plasma time-activity curve (AUC) was calculated using two different methods and compared to direct measurement of the hepatic extraction efficiency. First pass hepatic extraction efficiency of 99mTc-mebrofenin was calculated from differential equation analysis of a two-compartment model following mesenteric venous injection of the radiopharmaceutical. In 7 of the original 9 dogs and 2 additional healthy dogs, plasma clearance and hepatic extraction efficiency determination were repeated following induction of hepatic injury by thiacetarsamide (3 mg/kg IV twice daily for 1 day). In one additional dog, hepatic injury was induced using carbon tetrachloride (0.3 ml/kg IP). Plasma time-activity curves of 99mTc-mebrofenin had kinetics of a two compartment model. Area under the curve was highly correlated with hepatic extraction efficiency. The AUC integrated from 1-60 minutes (AUC60) had the best correlation with hepatic extraction efficiency (r2 = 0.978, p < 0.001). A formula for calculation of hepatic extraction efficiency was derived using linear regression analysis: hepatic extraction efficiency = 105.583 - 3.099 x 10(5) x AUC60. Plasma clearance of a peripheral venous injection of 99mTc-mebrofenin is a simple, non-invasive, convenient method to quantify hepatic function which can be performed without a gamma camera.

Algorithms↗