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Results for “developmental delay”

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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

A pilot study of nadolol for overt aggression in developmentally delayed individuals.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this preliminary pilot study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of open-label nadolol as an adjunctive pharmacological treatment for aggression and/or inattention/overactivity in a developmentally delayed child, adolescent, and young adult population. METHOD: Twelve subjects enrolled and completed (mean age 13.8 years, range 9 through 24) a 5-month, open, prospective protocol of nadolol (mean dose 109 mg, range 30 through 220 mg) with systematic baseline and outcome evaluations and weekly clinical assessment. RESULTS: All subjects were developmentally delayed and most were cognitively delayed. Ten subjects (83%) showed clinical improvement while receiving nadolol. Significant improvements were noted on observer-rated overt categorical aggression, severity of illness, and global impressions of improvement. No significant effects were found for inattention/overactivity. Nadolol was well tolerated, with few side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Overt categorical aggression presenting in developmentally delayed children, adolescents, and young adults may respond to nadolol treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

A longitudinal analysis of maternal abuse potential and developmental delays in children of adolescent mothers.

OBJECTIVE: This project was designed to examine the impact of adolescent mothers' abuse potential on the development of preschool children. The specific aims were to demonstrate relationships between maternal abuse potential and developmental problems in preschool children, to examine these relationships across time, and to determine whether maternal abuse potential predicted developmental delays after controlling for problematic parenting orientations. METHOD: Using a longitudinal design, we examined 146 first time mothers and their children. Maternal abuse potential was assessed when children were 1, 3, and 5 years old; problematic parenting orientation was assessed when the children were 6 months old; and child development (i.e., IQ, adaptive behavior, and behavior problems) was assessed at ages 3 and 5. RESULTS: Regression analyses revealed significant relationships between maternal abuse potential and a variety of developmental problems. Path analyses revealed unidirectional relationships between abuse potential predicting IQ and adaptive behaviors. Further analyses indicated that maternal abuse potential at 1 and 3 years predicted intelligence and adaptive behavior at ages 3 and 5, even when problematic parenting orientation was controlled. In contrast, children's behavioral problems at ages 3 and 5 was better accounted for by problematic parenting orientation than by abuse potential. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study revealed that developmental delays in children of adolescent are related to abuse potential. Two pathways were found for predicting developmental delays: One pathway linked child abuse potential with IQ and adaptive functioning: the other pathway showed that problematic parenting orientation accounted for the development of emotional and behavioral problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In utero PCB/PCDF exposure: relation of developmental delay to dysmorphology and dose.

In 1979, there was an outbreak of food poisoning in central Taiwan due to cooking oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls and their thermal degradation products. Starting in 1985, we studied 128 children born to exposed women after the oil was removed from the market; the exposure of these children was transplacental or through breast milk. We also studied matched controls. The exposed children exhibited developmental delays as measured by parental report, by neurologic examination, and by standard cognitive tests; delay was seen at all ages and persisted over time. Delay was greater in children who were smaller in size and in children who had exhibited neonatal symptoms of intoxication. Children with a history of nail deformity also were delayed. However, there was little relationship between other physical findings or measures of maternal exposure and developmental delay. There was some indication that the child's prenatal exposure was more important to developmental delay than was exposure through breast milk.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed2005

Developing a family function questionnaire for families with developmentally delayed children.

The purpose of this study was to develop a "Family Function Questionnaire for Families with Developmentally Delayed Children". The questionnaire was created by sampling 300 parents with developmentally delayed children. Initially, families and early intervention services were observed and a qualitative interview with the child's family was conducted. The researchers created a family function database reflecting these steps and by referral to relevant literature. The final version of the questionnaire consisted of 42 items in 11 categories: cohesion, education, problem solving, affective involvement, independence, action participation, family support, recreation, rules implementation, collaboration, and financial management. The questionnaire had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.9326.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Language enhancement in the developmentally delayed child through a cognitive/receptive mode.

An approach to enhancing the language comprehension of young developmentally delayed children utilizing receptive language tasks presented in a cognitive, 'problem-solving' context is described. Over a 2 year period 16 language impaired and developmentally delayed children were provided with 8 weeks of concentrated instruction in five language areas: nouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions and syntax. Instruction consisted of systematic verbal stimulation without overt attempts to elicit expressive language. Responses by the subjects were in the form of motor behaviours of picture/object identifications. Results indicated a marked increase in the number of stimuli to which these children could provide appropriate responses at the end of the 8 week instructional period. The gains were also maintained 3 months after termination of instruction and the learned material was considered to have become part of these children's verbal repertoire.

Child Development↗
PubMed2004

Trisomy 1q43 syndrome: a consistent phenotype with macrocephaly, characteristic face, developmental delay and cardiac anomalies.

Trisomy 1q43 syndrome: a consistent phenotype with macrocephaly, characteristic face, developmental delay and cardiac anomalies: Patients with trisomy (1)(q42-qter) present with psychomotor retardation, macrocephaly, occasional presence of facial capillary naevi, cardio-vascular anomalies and small size for gestational age. We report on a girl with the same pattern of malformations, who has pure trisomy 1 q43: duplication of the region (1) (q43) and the translocation of the terminal region of the other chromosome 1 to the derivative 1, narrowing down the critical region for the characteristic traits of severe developmental delay, macrocephaly and congenital cardiac malformations.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1998

Radiological findings in developmental delay.

This article reviews the neuroimaging findings in patients with nonsyndromic mental retardation and global developmental delays. The frequency and type of abnormal neuroimaging findings in this patient population are discussed. Specifically addressed are the issues of which patients should have neuroimaging studies in light of (in the vernacular) "cost-benefit" analysis. The extension of these studies to "milder" developmental delays, and other neurodevelopmental disorders are also discussed.

Brain↗
PubMed2006

Tracking preschool children with developmental delay: third grade outcomes.

Educational outcomes were evaluated for 2,046 preschool children identified with developmental delay. Results indicated that at third grade, 26% were in regular education and the remaining 74% were receiving special education services. The most common disability classifications at outcome were specific learning disabilities and educable mentally handicaps. Regular education, but not special education, children had higher retention rates than did the general population. The presence of one or more secondary exceptionalities in preschool was more common for special education than regular education children. Regular education and special education children did not differ on other factors studied. This study highlights the importance of developmental delay as an exceptionality category and advances our understanding of the long-term implications of such delay.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2000

De novo translocation (2;18)(q21;q22) in a child with severe epilepsy, developmental delay and mild dysmorphism.

De novo translocation (2;18)(q21;q22) in a patient with severe epilepsy developmental delay and mild dysmorphism: We report on a patient presenting with severe epilepsy, hypotonia, developmental delay, blepharophimosis, low-set ears, camptodactyly and tapering fingers, and cutaneous syndactyly of toes II and III of the right foot. The MRI showed some loss of volume of the white matter and delayed myelination, no other specific anomalies were present. Chromosome analysis revealed a translocation involving chromosomes 2 and 18, which was characterized further by FISH using band-specific probes. The possibility of a submicroscopic deletion is discussed and the patient is compared with patients reported in the literature with either 2q21 or 18q22 deletion.

Chromosome Deletion↗
PubMed1998

Electroencephalogram in developmental delay: specific electroclinical syndromes.

The electroencephalogram (EEG) plays an important role in the evaluation of a child with developmental delay. An EEG is often required to classify seizures in children with developmental delay. Equally important is the role of the EEG in the identification of specific electroclinical syndromes in children who may or may not manifest seizures. Specific electroclinical syndromes include the acquired epileptiform aphasia syndrome, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, and electrical status epilepticus during slow wave sleep. Other clinical situations where the EEG offers diagnostic and prognostic information, such as subacute sclerosing encephalitis, progressive myoclonus epilepsies, Rett syndrome, and Lennox Gastaut syndrome are also discussed.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1982

The sensory history of developmentally delayed children with and without tactile defensiveness.

This study investigated whether sensory history questionnaires differentiated between developmentally delayed children with and without tactile defensiveness and, in addition, which individual items were most discriminative. Interviews were conducted with 20 mothers of developmentally delayed children regarding their children's past and present behavioral responses to tactile and other sensory stimuli. The group of mothers with tactually defensive children reported a significantly greater number of positive responses to items previously determined to be indicative of tactile defensiveness than did the mothers of children without tactile defensiveness. An individual item analysis identified 11 items as discriminating most clearly between a group of children with tactile defensiveness and a group without tactile defensiveness. Some preliminary behavioral trends and implications for the use of sensory history questionnaires in parent counseling and in planning appropriate treatment programs are presented.

Child Behavior↗
PubMed2001

Febrile convulsions, ataxia, developmental delay, and obesity: a new syndrome?

We describe the association of recurrent complicated febrile convulsions, developmental delay, ataxia, and obesity in three unrelated girls. The three girls, aged 3 to 4 years, were all born to healthy, nonconsanguineous parents and have normal siblings. Their birth weight was appropriate for gestational age. They are not dysmorphic and have normal head circumference. Development is delayed; they all walked with an ataxic gait after the age of 2 years and started speaking at 3 years. Their growth charts are remarkably alike: they initially had a normal growth curve and around 24 months of age started to gain weight excessively. They all continue to suffer from complicated febrile seizures, which started before 12 months of age, and are resistant to prophylactic anticonvulsants. Metabolic evaluation is normal. They have normal magnetic resonance images and electroencephalograms. Fragile X and Prader-Willi syndromes were ruled out. We suggest that this is a new mental retardation syndrome that should be considered in children with recurrent febrile convulsions, developmental delay, and obesity. In a recent study, mutations in the beta4 calcium channel were identified in the mutant epileptic mouse that presents with epilepsy, mental retardation, and ataxia. We hypothesize that a calcium channel gene may be involved in this syndrome.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

Correlates of directiveness in the interactions of fathers and mothers of children with developmental delays.

Twenty preschool-age children with developmental delays and language impairment participated in this study, which compared fathers' and mothers' directiveness and parental stress. Similarities between fathers and mothers were found for turntaking control, response referents, and responses to the child's participation. However, fathers differed from mothers in two of the dimensions of directiveness examined: fathers used more response control and topic control than mothers. Both parents reported similarly low levels of child-related and parenting stress, but mothers perceived more stress than fathers related to the responsibilities associated with parenting a child with a handicap. Correlations between directiveness, child characteristics, and stress revealed that fathers used greater turntaking control and topic control with children who were developmentally less mature, whereas mothers used greater topic control with children who were less involved in interaction. Both fathers' and mothers' use of response control was positively related to stress. Implications for involving fathers in parent-focused intervention include screening father-child interactions before intervention, interpreting parent-child interaction styles in terms of their role in enhancing the child's social participation, and acknowledging the role of familial factors (such as stress) on interaction styles.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with hypotonia, epilepsy, autism, and developmental delay: HEADD syndrome.

A group of 12 children clinically presenting with hypotonia, intractable epilepsy, autism, and developmental delay, who did not fall into previously described categories of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, were evaluated for mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activity levels, mitochondrial DNA, and mitochondrial structural abnormalities. Reduced levels in specific respiratory activities were found solely in enzymes with subunits encoded by mitochondrial DNA in seven of eight biopsied skeletal muscle specimens evaluated. Five cases exhibited increased levels of large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletions, whereas pathogenic point mutations previously described in association with mitochondrial encephalomyopathies were not found. Mitochondrial structural abnormalities were present in three of four patients examined. Our findings suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction, including extensive abnormalities in specific enzyme activities, mitochondrial structure, and mitochondrial DNA integrity, may be present in children with a clinical constellation including hypotonia, epileptic seizures, autism, and developmental delay. The acronym HEADD is presented here to facilitate pursuit of mitochondrial defects in patients with this clinical constellation after other causes have been excluded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Predictors of disruptive behavior, developmental delays, anxiety, and affective symptomatology among institutionally reared romanian children.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between duration of institutionalization, age at abandonment, and mental and physical health outcomes of young institutionalized children in Romania and to examine patterns of associations between placement history, physical growth variables, and psychiatric symptoms. METHOD: Institutionalized children (ages 2-6 years) in a Romanian orphanage were studied through caregiver reports. Orphanage staff completed questionnaires on the children's psychiatric symptoms and physical growth measurements and placement histories on the children. RESULTS: Children showed high rates of developmental delays, anxiety/affective symptoms, and physical growth delays. Patterns of associations between history and growth variables (duration of institutionalization, age at abandonment, and physical stature) and psychiatric symptom clusters were examined using three sequential multiple regressions. Longer duration of institutionalization and shorter physical stature were significantly associated with anxiety/affective symptoms (F3,47=6.49, p <.01). Physical stature was significantly associated with developmental delays (F3,47=5.603, p <.01) and disruptive behaviors (F3,47=2.832, p <.05), with smaller stature being associated with greater developmental delays and fewer disruptive behavior problems. CONCLUSIONS: Institutionalized children demonstrate high rates of psychiatric symptoms. Duration of institutionalization, physical stature, and age at abandonment differentially relate to psychiatric symptoms. Findings are interpreted in light of implications for intervention and social policy.

Affect↗
PubMed2004

De novo satellited 21q associated with corpus callosum dysgenesis, colpocephaly, a concealed penis, congenital heart defects, and developmental delay.

De novo satellited 21q associated with corpus callosum dysgenesis, colpocephaly, a concealed penis, congenital heart defects, and developmental delay: We present clinical and cytogenetic data on an infant with de novo satellited 21 q. A 3-month-old boy was found to have microcephaly, developmental delay, hypertelorism, down-slanting palpebral fissures, large low-set ears, a prominent nose, a broad philtrum, a concealed penis, interventricular septal defects, corpus callosum dysgenesis, colpocephaly, ventriculomegaly, and a de novo karyotype of 46,XY,21qs. Standard Ag-NOR staining and FISH studies confirmed a satellite and a deletion on the long arm of a chromosome 21. Quantitative-fluorescent polymerase chain reaction using the polymorphic small tandem repeat markers specific for chromosome 21 determined a maternal origin of the deletion and the breakpoint between D21S156 (21q22.1) (present) and D21S53 (21q22.3) (absent), centromeric to the known minimal holoprosencephaly critical region, D21S13-21qter. The present case provides evidence of the correlation of a distal region of chromosome 21 to the phenotypic effects of monosomy 21.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2003

Vineland adaptive behavior profiles in children with autism and moderate to severe developmental delay.

The purpose of this study was to examine adaptive behaviour profiles in children with autism and moderate to severe developmental delay. Previous research has found that children with autism present a characteristic pattern of adaptive behaviour, as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) (deficit in the domain of socialization, relative deficit in the domain of communication and relative strength in the domain of daily living). In this study VABS were administered (as part of a comprehensive evaluation of abilities) to a sample of 50 children with moderate to severe developmental delay (23 children with autism and 27 chronological and developmental age matched non-autistic children). Contrary to initial predictions, the sample presented fairly homogeneous adaptive behaviour profiles. Results are discussed with respect to the effectiveness of adaptive behaviour profiles in the detection of autism and the importance of employing limited chronological and developmental age ranges in the study of autism in infancy.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

Parents as change agents in the management of their developmentally delayed children's noncompliant behaviors: a critical review.

The present paper reviews the behavioral parent training literature that has focused on reducing noncompliance with developmentally delayed children. Several factors are identified which may make parental attempts to reduce developmentally delayed children's noncompliance difficult. The 13 studies reviewed are separated into group and single case approaches, and each study was assessed on a number of methodological factors. The studies generally report success in modifying non-compliance; however, the variability in the experimental rigor of the reviewed studies preclude definitive conclusions from being made at this time about the efficacy of training parents to reduce noncompliance with delayed children. As examples, only a few studies have collected parental data and home observational data. Clinical and training considerations are also discussed, such as the need to identify parental and marital characteristics that may influence training success and identify which specific training techniques are most effective in teaching parents contingency management procedures. Finally, suggestions for training parents of delayed children are offered.

Adolescent↗