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PubMed2025

Enriched grain minerals in Aegilops tauschii-derived common wheat population under heat-stress environments.

In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), an important source of dietary minerals, heat stress during the grain filling stage negatively affects grain yield and quality. Wheat grain mineral content has been primarily evaluated under optimum conditions; little information is available on the genetic variations and loci involved in mineral accumulation under heat stress. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the variation in 13-grain mineral concentrations and thousand kernel weight of 145 wheat multiple synthetic derivatives (MSD) genotypes harboring genes from the wild relative Aegilops tauschii Coss., evaluated under heat-stress field conditions in Sudan for two seasons, and to dissect the genomic regions associated with these mineral contents using GWAS. Our results showed sufficient variations in mineral concentrations among the MSD lines. Some MSD lines had 30-50% more minerals than the recurrent parent Norin 61. We detected 188 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs), 44 MTAs in season 2018/19, one in season 2019/20, and 143 based on BLUE. The highly significant, stable, and promising MTAs were related to Mg, Mn, P, and Ba. We identified putative candidate genes potentially involved in mineral movement (TraesCS5D03G0728800) and response to heat stress (TraesCS5D03G0723300). The findings in this study help to enhance mineral concentration and resilience in wheat under heat.

Triticum↗
PubMed2000

Flow sorting of mitotic chromosomes in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

The aim of this study was to develop an improved procedure for preparation of chromosome suspensions, and to evaluate the potential of flow cytometry for chromosome sorting in wheat. Suspensions of intact chromosomes were prepared by mechanical homogenization of synchronized root tips after mild fixation with formaldehyde. Histograms of relative fluorescence intensity (flow karyotypes) obtained after the analysis of DAPI-stained chromosomes were characterized and the chromosome content of all peaks on wheat flow karyotype was determined for the first time. Only chromosome 3B could be discriminated on flow karyotypes of wheat lines with standard karyotype. Remaining chromosomes formed three composite peaks and could be sorted only as groups. Chromosome 3B could be sorted at purity >95% as determined by microscopic evaluation of sorted fractions that were labeled using C-PRINS with primers for GAA microsatellites and for Afa repeats, respectively. Chromosome 5BL/7BL could be sorted in two wheat cultivars at similar purity, indicating a potential of various wheat stocks for sorting of other chromosome types. PCR with chromosome-specific primers confirmed the identity of sorted fractions and suitability of flow-sorted chromosomes for physical mapping and for construction of small-insert DNA libraries. Sorted chromosomes were also found suitable for the preparation of high-molecular-weight DNA. On the basis of these results, it seems realistic to propose construction of large-insert chromosome-specific DNA libraries in wheat. The availability of such libraries would greatly simplify the analysis of the complex wheat genome.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed2004

Genetic mapping of three alleles at the Pm3 locus conferring powdery mildew resistance in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

A set of differential isolates of Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici was used to identify 10 alleles at the Pm3 locus on the short arm of chromosome 1A. Three F3 populations were used to map Pm3h in Abessi, Pm3i in line N324, and Pm3j alleles in GUS 122 relative to microsatellite markers. In total, 13 marker loci were mapped on chromosome 1AS and 1 marker on 1AL. The order of marker loci in the 3 mapping populations is consistent with previously published maps. All 3 alleles were mapped in the distal region of chromosome 1AS. The present study indicated that microsatellite markers are an ideal marker system for comparative mapping of alleles at the same gene locus in different mapping populations. The linkage distances of the closest microsatellite marker, Xgwm905-1A, to Pm3h, Pm3i, and Pm3j were 3.7 cM, 7.2 cM, and 1.2 cM, respectively. The microsatellite marker Xgwm905-1A cannot be used to distinguish between Pm3 alleles. The development of specific markers for individual Pm3 alleles is discussed on the basis of the recently cloned Pm3b allele.

Alleles↗
PubMed2006

Differential regulation of transcript accumulation and alternative splicing of a DREB2 homolog under abiotic stress conditions in common wheat.

A number of cold responsive (Cor)/late embryogenesis abundant (Lea) genes are induced by both low temperature (LT) and dehydration. To understand the molecular basis of cold acclimation and its relationship with drought stress response in wheat seedlings, we isolated a DREB2 homolog Wdreb2, which is the candidate gene for a transcription factor of the Cor/Lea genes. The Wdreb2 expression was activated by cold, drought, salt and exogenous ABA treatment. Detailed expression studies of Wdreb2 indicated the involvement of two distinct pathways of its activation, a drought and salt stress-responsive pathway and a cold-responsive pathway. The transient expression analysis showed that the Wrab19 expression was directly activated by the WDREB2 transcription factor in wheat cells. Three transcript forms of Wdreb2 (Wdreb2alpha, Wdreb2beta and Wdreb2gamma) were produced through alternative splicing. Under drought and salt stress conditions, the amount of the Wdreb2beta form remained fairly constant during 24-hour treatment, while those of the Wdreb2alpha and Wdreb2gamma forms showed transient increases. On the other hand, the LT treatment resulted in increased transcript levels of all three forms of Wdreb2. Thus, under the LT and drought/salt stress conditions the amount of the WDREB2 transcription factors in wheat is differentially controlled by the level of transcription and alternative splicing.

Abscisic Acid↗
PubMed2024

QTL mapping for seed vigor-related traits under artificial aging in common wheat in two introgression line (IL) populations.

BACKGROUND: Seed vigor recognized as a quantitative trait is of particular importance for agricultural production. However, limited knowledge is available for understanding genetic basis of wheat seed vigor. METHODS: The aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for 10 seed vigor-related traits representing multiple aspects of seed-vigor dynamics during artificial aging with 6 different treatment times (0, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h) under controlled conditions (48 °C, 95% humidity, and dark). The mapping populations were two wheat introgression lines (IL-1 and IL-2) derived from recipient parent (Lumai 14) and donor parent (Shaanhan 8675 or Jing 411). RESULTS: A total of 26 additive QTLs and 72 pairs of epistatic QTLs were detected for wheat seed-vigor traits. Importantly, chromosomes 1B and 7B contained several co-located QTLs, and chromosome 2A had a QTL-rich region near the marker Xwmc667, indicating that these QTLs may affect wheat seed vigor with pleiotropic effects. Furthermore, several possible consistent QTLs (hot-spot regions) were examined by comparison analysis of QTLs detected in this study and reported previously. Finally, a set of candidate genes for wheat seed vigor were predicted to be involved in transcription regulation, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION: The present findings lay new insights into the mechanism underlying wheat seed vigor, providing valuable information for wheat genetic improvement especially marker-assisted breeding to increase seed vigor and consequently achieve high grain yield despite of further investigation required.

Triticum↗
PubMed1999

[Transformation of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with herbicide-resistant EPSPs gene].

The herbicide-resistant EPSPs (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) gene was transformed into about 1,000 young spikes and 800 young embryos of wheat variety, Jinghua 1, with gene gun. Thirty-eight and four regenerated plants were obtained respectively screened with glyphosate. All regenerated plants were analysed by PCR and/or Southern blotting. The results indicated that EPSPs gene was integrated stably into the genome of Jinghua 1, and some of the transformants showed fertile. So herbicide-resistant EPSPs gene could be used as selective marker in the transformation of monocotyledon cereal crops, such as wheat.

3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase↗
PubMed2001

[Pyramiding and marker-assisted selection for powdery mildew resistance genes in common wheat].

This project used the strategy of discarding susceptible individual plants and keeping resistance ones by resistance identification in breeding populations and planted resistant plants next in earlier generations (F1-F3), and performing marker-assisted selection combining resistance identification in later generation (F4 generation) for pyramiding powdery mildew resistance. F4 populations from crosses of elite parents possessing different Pm genes were screened by using molecular markers tightly linked to Pm2, Pm4a, Pm8 and Pm21 genes, respectively. Fourteen individual plants with Pm4a and Pm21 out of 40 F4 plants were identified. Sixteen individual plants containing Pm2 and Pm4a out of 80 F4 plants and six plants possessing Pm8 + Pm21 out of 58 F2 plants were screened. Notably, the plants with Pm2 and Pm4a showed high level resistance or immunity to powdery mildew, while plants with single Pm2 or Pm4a had lower resistance. The results suggest that the strategy of pyramiding different Pm genes provide an alternative way of utilizing resistance gene resources for breeding new types of resistance lines and cultivars, which will have significance not only in breeding practice but also in theoretical research.

Breeding↗
PubMed2002

[Genetic analysis on restorer genes of D2-type CMS lines of common wheat].

On the basis of genetic characters of D2-type CMS lines, restorer lines Yi4060, M8003, 6D/6R, GR1, 960789, Bao769-22-1 et al. were gained from crossing selection. The results of genetic analysis of F2, F1BC1 population and allelic analysis of restorer genes, successive selection of self fertility from F1 showed that fertility restoration of these restorer lines was controlled by two pair independent major-genes(dominant) and different-dosage minor genes. Authors proposed that the two pair independent major-genes should be designated as D2Rf1 D2Rf1, D2Rf2 D2Rf2. The model C2(major genes + minor genes) should be first selected in breeding restorer line.

Genes, Plant↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of gametocidal chromosome 4S' on the phenotype segregation ratio in genetic analysis of common wheat lines].

Using experimental data on genetic analysis of introgressive lines for the character "hairy leaf sheath" controlled by the "cuckoo" chromosome 4S1, the algorithm for calculation of the theoretical segregation ratio in F2 was developed. Segregation distortion is caused by non-viability of the majority of gametes lacking the chromosome 4S1. The frequency of functioning gametes without the chromosome 4S1 is determined by the probability p versus the theoretically expected ratio 7 nonviable: 9 viable ones. Since segregation involves two characters, gamete viability and hairiness, the ratio 15 hairy: 1 hairless was used as a basis for search of the frequency p by maximum-likelihood method using 16 populations F2 from crossing the lines differing in the character studied.

Chromosome Segregation↗
PubMed2003

[Effect of substituting chromosome 5A with an supernumary chromosome 5B in offspring of a somaclonal common wheat line monosomic for 5A].

Cytogenetic analysis was employed in studying the cause of generation of fertile awned forms in the progeny of plants, which were selected from a speltoid somaclonal wheat line monosomic for chromosome 5A (2n = 41 = 20II + I), had speltoid spikes, and were reproduced by self pollination. On cytogenetic and genetic evidence, chromosome 5A was eliminated and the copy number of chromosome 5B increased in the plants examined. The appearance of an extra chromosome 5B is probably caused by nondisjunction of bivalent 5B in the presence of a telocentric originating from the long arm of chromosome 5A. A difference in meiotic segregation was observed for univalent chromosomes 5A and 5B.

Chromosomes, Plant↗
PubMed2004

[Inheritance of stability of MN81330 common wheat samples to septoria blotch].

Wheat samples described in literature as resistant to septoria glume blotch were assessed for their response to inoculation with Septoria nodorum Berk. Three days after inoculation with the infectious agent, samples Klein Titan (k-41772), Mian Jang (k-61568), Walter (k-54585), Reisler (k-59505), Rempart (k-59493), PIN/BOW (k-62838), MN81330 (k-60785), Frondoso (k-46736), Sokrates (k-58179) were classified as resistant to infection. Seven days after inoculation, only samples Reisler and Mian Jang were regarded as resistant. The genetic control of glume blotch resistance was studied by hybridological analysis in sample MN81330. Resistance of this sample manifested in a longer latent period of the disease is controlled by two dominant complementary genes not linked to the gene Lr24 responsible for resistance to brown rust, to the gene responsible for coleoptile coloration, and to minor genes that improve expression of the major ones.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed2004

Fingerprinting of common wheat cultivars with an Alw44I-based AFLP method.

A simplified AFLP method, based on methylation-sensitive Alw44I restriction endonuclease, has been developed and evaluated for fingerprinting 15 wheat cultivars. The selected germplasms represented groups of spring and winter wheats with and without the 1BL.1RS translocation. Ten selective primers yielded 57 markers, including 19 polymorphic bands. Three markers (15.8%) were specific to wheat carrying the 1BL.1RS translocation, thus conflicting with the frequency expected by random marker distribution (2.4%), and suggesting qualitative differences in DNA methylation among winter wheat cultivars with the 1BL.1RS translocation. Mean Dice's similarities ranged from 0.85 to 0.99, thus all cultivars could be identified by the banding profile. Winter wheat cultivars, with and without the 1BL.1RS chromosome, were slightly more similar to one another (0.959) than spring wheat cultivars (0.952). Five (9%) specific markers were obtained from cultivars Sicco, Cheyenne, Fenman, Disponent and Chinese Spring.

Chromosomes, Plant↗
PubMed2004

[The effect of Lr19-translocation on in vitro androgenesis and inheritance of leaf-rust resistance in DH3 lines and F2 hybrids of common wheat].

Leaf-rust resistance and androgenesis were studied in the anther cultures of Triticum aestivum L., which included Saratovskaya 29 cultivar, the isogenic line Ps29, and three F1 hybrids (L503/S55, L504/S58, ATS7/L1063) with 7DS-7DL-7Ae#1L translocation of Lr19 gene (Lr19 translocation) from Agropyron elongatum (Host) P.B. The Lr19 translocation was shown to affect the induction of embryogenesis and green plant regeneration. The frequencies of Lr19 translocation differed in F2 hybrids obtained by traditional hybridization and in sets of DH lines obtained in F1 anther cultures derived from the same combinations of T. aestivum parental forms. The number of leaf-rust resistant genotypes tended to decrease. The frequency of Lr19 translocation in the set of DH3 lines derived from F1 L504/S58 was significantly lower than in other sets of DH3 lines and F2 hybrid populations.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Resolving capacity of monosomic line analysis in cytogenetic studies of common wheat].

Basing on statistic analysis of the character of homologue pairing in the series of monosomic lines of wheat Milturum 553 it was found that the diversions of monosomic and disomic plants from their original parent were caused by the changes in the system of actions and interrelations of genes caused by hemizygous state of chromosomes. Resolving capacity of monosomic line analysis as a method of cytogenetic investigations of wheat was demonstrated. Input of each chromosome in determination of meiotic characters was specified.

Chromosomes, Plant↗
PubMed2004

Combined use of linked markers for genotyping the Pm1 locus in common wheat.

Genotyping of 98 wheat cultivars/lines was carried out with molecular markers that are linked to the Pm1 locus: two bi-allelic (dominant) markers: the sequence-tagged site Xsts638-7A and the amplified fragment length polymorphism XE39M58-77-7A; and the multi-allelic simple sequence repeat marker Xgwm344-7A. Employing segregation data recorded in the population Chinese Spring x Virest (Pm1e), genetic mapping revealed that Xgwm344-7A and XE39M58-77-7A were distally linked to Pm1e in the repulsion phase with respective linkage distances of 0.9 cM and 4.8 cM, while Xsts638-7A was found to co-segregate with Pm1e in the coupling phase. The genotyping results of Xsts638-7A and XE39M58-77-7A confirmed disease scoring, except for the accessions of cultivars Omega, Remus and Weihenstephan Stamm M1N. The SSR marker Xgwm344 amplified 15 different fragments ranging from 102 bp to 147 bp, with 15 entries being null-allelic at the 7A and 7B homoeoloci. It was found that wheat lines having resistance alleles at the Pm1 locus mainly show the null allele at the Xgwm344-7A locus. Due to their fast-evolving nature, the use of multi-allelic SSRs for genotype determination may be complicated. However, the combined use of multiple linked marker alleles seems to be a promising approach for genotyping a broad range of plant materials.

Alleles↗
PubMed2005

[Identification of an alien chromosome in the common wheat line multi 6R].

The chromosome of Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv. substituting chromosome 6D has been identified in the karyotype of the Triticum aestivum L. line Multi 6R with the use of C-banding. The alien chromosome, temporarily designated 6Ag1, contains gene(s) of the resistance to the Saratov population of Puccinia recondita Rob. ex. Desm. f. tritici. It has been demonstrated that the resistance gene(s) is(are) highly efficient and that chromosome 6Ag1 is preferably transferred through gametes.

Agropyron↗