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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

CD13-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma of T-cell origin--a diagnostic and histogenetic problem.

The expression of myelomonocytic-associated antigens in anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs), particularly those presenting in extranodal sites, can make their distinction from extramedullary myeloid cell tumors (EMCTs) or histiocytic tumors problematic. Yet, this distinction is clinically significant because of its therapeutic and prognostic implications. Herein, we describe a case of extranodal anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive CD30-positive ALCL of T-cell origin in a 12-year-old boy, which was initially called an EMCT because of the expression of CD13 and HLA-DR detected by flow cytometry and the absence of other T-cell-related surface markers. However, the detection of cytoplasmic CD3 by flow cytometry prompted further studies. The tumor was composed of large cells with abundant slightly eosinophilic vacuolated cytoplasm and ovoid or reniform nuclei with a few small nucleoli. Using immunohistochemistry, the tumor was positive for CD45, CD30, CD45RO, and CD43 with a strong cytoplasmic and nuclear anaplastic lymphoma kinase stain. The tumor cells showed a T-cell clonal genotype. Electron microscopy revealed no ultrastructural features of myelomonocytic or histiocytic origin. The patient responded well to the chemotherapy and was in complete remission for 10 months at the time of submission of this manuscript. Review of the literature showed inconsistencies regarding the diagnosis, nomenclature, and, therefore, treatment and prognosis of these tumors. In addition, the CD13 expression in ALCL raises some histogenetic questions and may indicate origin from a pluripotent stem cell, misprogramming during malignant transformation, or a microenvironmental effect on lymphoid cell expression of surface antigens. Therefore, ALCL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of EMCTs or histiocytic tumors, particularly when surface marker lineage assignment is ambiguous.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Use of deoxyribonucleic acid probes in the identification of cell origin and detection of cellular contamination in human lymphoblastoid cell lines.

Established lymphoblastoid cell lines have provided a valuable reference source for studying neoplastic lymphoproliferative disorders in humans. However, two major problems are associated with the establishment and growth of these cell lines: (a) the established cell line may not represent the original neoplastic clone, and (b) contamination of the established cell line with the other cell lines may occur. Lymphoblastoid cell lines "W" and "SP5" were established from splenectomy specimens of two patients with hairy cell leukemia. Both cell lines displayed B cell characteristics by immunophenotypic and Ig gene rearrangement studies. The banding patterns of the rearranged Ig genes (heavy and light chains) in the W cell line were different and in the SP5 cell line were identical with the corresponding untransformed splenic cell lines, indicating that cell line SP5 did and cell line W did not represent the original neoplastic clone. Continuous cultures of some of the subclones derived from cell line W and SP5 led to the growth of the cell lines W15T, W17T, and SP5T which all demonstrated T cell features based on immunophenotypic and T cell receptor rearrangement studies. However, the T cell receptor alpha and beta rearranged bands as well as bands generated by hybridization with highly polymorphic DNA probes p YNH24 and 0-3315-32 in these three lines and a human T cell leukemia line (CEM), were identical indicating that W15T, W17T and SP5T cell lines were contaminated with CEM. Studies of gene establishment patterns and DNA polymorphisms by Southern blotting are effective methods to establish clonal identity and to rule out cellular contamination in lymphoblastoid cell lines.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1976

Histiocytic medullary reticulosis in acute lymphocytic leukemia of T cell origin.

A patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia of T (thymic-derived) cell origin was successfully treated and was maintained in remission for four months by combined chemotherapy. He died following a seven-week, fulminant course with fever, refractory pancytopenia, and marked hepatosplenomegaly. The autopsy showed lymphoid leukemic infiltration and extensive histiocytic medullary reticulosis in various organs. The possible relations between these two lymphoreticular diseases are discussed.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1987

Effectiveness of a rapid immunohistologic method for tumor cell origin analysis.

A rapid immunohistologic method is described to analyze the possible cell origin of a given neoplasm during surgery by using selected examples of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies (anti-cytokeratins, anti-vimentin, anti-leukocyte common antigen, and anti-keratin). This rapid (26-28 min) procedure, consisting of a two-step immunoperoxidase method, did not differ in terms of intensity and specificity of the immunoreaction from the control procedure for which conventional longer times of incubation and washing were used. The results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the procedure.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2006

A spindle cell variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma possesses genotypic and phenotypic markers characteristic of a germinal center B-cell origin.

Lymphoma with prominent spindle cell features, the so-called spindle cell lymphoma, is an unusual morphological variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Five new cases of spindle cell lymphoma have been analyzed by a multiparameter approach in order to clarify its clinical and biological features. All patients presented advanced stage disease with extranodal involvement. Vagina was the most common extranodal site. All patients received chemotherapy and are alive in complete remission. Morphologically, all five cases exhibited proliferation of spindle cells with a vaguely storiform pattern highly suggestive of spindle cell neoplasms of nonlymphoid origin. In contrast, the results of immunohistochemical analysis indicated that all five cases were hematolymphoid neoplasms of the B-cell lineage. These lymphomas consisted of a B-cell clonal population which exhibited somatic immunoglobulin and BCL-6 mutations as well as BCL-6 protein expression. The neoplastic spindle cells therefore closely resemble B cells residing in the germinal center. The absence of MUM1 expression in neoplastic spindle cells suggested that neoplastic spindle cells may be related to the early phases of intragerminal center maturation of B cells. The germinal center phenotype, with restricted expression of BCL-6, was associated with the presence of a primary extranodal origin, normal lactate dehydrogenase levels, and good response to treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Single-cell origin of mouse hemopoietic colonies expressing multiple lineages in variable combinations.

By using a micromanipulator, single cells from blast cell colonies were individually transferred to 35-mm culture dishes for secondary colony formation. When individual colonies appeared to be mature, they were examined for cellular composition by May-Grunwald-Giemsa staining and were replated for determination of unexpressed hemopoietic potentials. We describe here a total of 50 mixed hemopoietic colonies. Seven types of colonies consisting of cells in two different lineages were seen--i.e., neutrophil-macrophage, neutrophil-eosinophil, macrophage-eosinophil, macrophage-mast cell, macrophage-megakaryocyte, macrophage-erythrocyte, and erythrocyte-megakaryocyte. Six types of colonies revealed three cell lineages--i.e., neutrophil-macrophage-eosinophil, neutrophil-macrophage-mast cell, neutrophil-macrophage-erythrocyte, macrophage-mast cell-erythrocyte, neutrophil-macrophage-megakaryocyte, and neutrophil-erythrocyte-megakaryocyte lineages. In addition, multilineage colonies expressing terminal differentiation in varying combinations of more than three lineages were present. Replating studies confirmed that the progenitors for many of these colonies are terminally committed to differentiation only in the lineages disclosed by staining. This study, thus, provides a proof for the single-cell origin of mouse hemopoietic colonies expressing various combinations of cell lineages. It also supports the hypothesis that the differentiation of multipotential hemopoietic progenitors is through progressive and stochastic restriction in cell lineages.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of T-cell origin. Immunological and clinical evaluation in eleven patients.

Eleven patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of T-cell origin are reported. The identification of the leukaemic cells was performed with seven different membrane markers for either T or B lymphocytes. The reactivity of the leukaemic T cells with three different heteroantisera to T cells differed from patient to patient but was homogeneous in individual cases. This finding suggests that the leukaemic lymphocytes belonged to a single subset of T cells. These lymphocytes responded to allogeneic cells in some of these patients. In contrast, stimulation by non-specific mitogens was poor in most patients. Two patients were affected with the prolymphocytic type of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, but a characteristic clinical and haematological pattern was found in nine patients. The blood and marrow infiltration was moderate and the proliferating T lymphocytes had a high content of lysosomal enymes in all patients and cytoplasmic granules in six cases. Other unusual features included massive splenomegaly (five patients), skin lesions (four patients), and major neutropenia (four patients).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Recurrent chromosome abnormalities in adult T-cell lymphomas of peripheral T-cell origin.

Cytogenetic studies were performed on 11 Japanese patients with adult T-cell lymphoma of peripheral T-cell origin. All patients had a histologic diagnosis of diffuse lymphoma, and were treated with intensive combination chemotherapy; their median survival was 6 months. Lymphomas were categorized on the basis of the classification proposed by the Lymphoma Study Group of Japan: 5 patients had the features of pleomorphic lymphoma; 3, mixed lymphoma; 2, large-cell lymphoma; and 1, medium-sized-cell lymphoma. The modal chromosome number of abnormal cells was near-diploid in 7, and hypotetraploid in 4 including 3 patients with pleomorphic lymphoma. Abnormalities of the clonal chromosomes were observed in all 11 patients. A translocation of the short arm of 19 at band 19p13 was found in 2 patients with pleomorphic lymphoma and in one patient each with mixed lymphoma and medium-sized-cell lymphoma. A translocation of the short arm of 14, with a break at band 14p12, occurred in 4 patients with pleomorphic lymphoma. In one patient each with mixed lymphoma and large-cell lymphoma, an extra chromosome 3 was found. The numerical change was unique because their lymphomas were further categorized as "angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia" and "large-cell immunoblastic lymphoma", respectively. Our findings suggest that characteristic chromosome abnormalities occur in adult T-cell lymphoma, and dividing cells in the tetraploid range tend to be predominant in pleomorphic lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Diversified cell origin of Helicobacter pylori eradication-responsive gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.

A significant proportion of gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue [DLBCL(MALT)] and without MALT ('pure' DLBCL) can be resolved by Helicobacter pylori eradication (HPE). Gastric MALT lymphoma is an indolent lymphoma derived from memory B cells in the marginal zone. In the present study, we aimed to explore the origin of large cells in HPE-responsive gastric DLBCLs (complete remission after HPE). We investigated gastric lymphoma biopsies from 31 patients with HPE-responsive DLBCLs [15 'pure' DLBCLs, 16 DLBCL(MALT)s]. We used the Hans algorithm (CD10, BCL-6, and MUM1) to define the origins of germinal center B cell (GCB) and non-GCB. To further ascertain the cellular origin, 11 'pure' DLBCLs were examined using an Agilent whole-human genome microarray. Eleven DLBCLs [eight with 'pure' DLBCL and three with DLBCL(MALT)] were also assessed using Lymph2Cx. Specific GCB markers, including BACH2, AID, and BCL2 rearrangement and enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2) codon 641 mutations, were evaluated in 31 patients with HPE-responsive gastric DLBCLs. According to the Hans algorithm, 53% (8/15) of gastric 'pure' DLBCLs and 50% (8/16) of DLBCL(MALT)s were of the GCB phenotype. Gene expression assays revealed that five of six patients with 'Hans' GCB had GCB genetic signatures, whereas four of five patients with 'Hans' non-GCB had activated B-cell genetic signatures. The Lymph2Cx assay revealed the GCB subtype in seven of eight patients with 'Hans' GCB. The expression patterns of BACH2 (p = 0.005) and AID (p = 0.038) closely correlated with the 'Hans' GCB phenotype. BCL2 rearrangements and EZH2 codon 641 mutations were detected in 44% (7/16) and 13% (2/16) of patients with 'Hans' GCB, respectively. In another cohort of 29 HPE-unresponsive gastric DLBCLs [19 'pure' DLBCLs and 10 DLBCL(MALT)s], we found a close association between the 'Hans' GCB subtype and the GCB subtype as determined by the Agilent whole-human genome microarray and Lymph2Cx in lymphoma cells of these patients. In conclusion, more than half of HPE-responsive large cell lymphoma cases in the stomach were of GCB origin. © 2026 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Immunological features in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) of T cell origin.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of T cell origin were studied. The thymus derived nature of these lymphocytes was confirmed by surface markers, mitogen cultures, mixed lymphocyte reaction, cytotoxicity studies, and cytochemical stains. This case is notable for several clinical and laboratory findings. Among these, the benign clinical course, the reduced rate of serum immunoglobulins, the elevated number of active E rosettes, the increased PHA-induced response to low mitogen doses, the absence of PHA mediated cellular cytotoxicity, and the thy-like positivity to ANAE should be pointed out. Emphasis should be placed, however, on the loss of stimulatory ability in MLR. This last feature supports the hypothesis that these cells proliferate as a clone.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Erasure of methylation imprint at the promoter and CTCF-binding site upstream of H19 in human testicular germ cell tumors of adolescents indicate their fetal germ cell origin.

Genome-wide epigenetic modification plays a crucial role in regulating genome functions at critical stages of development. In particular, DNA methylation is known to be reprogrammed on a genome-wide level in germ cells and in preimplantation embryos, although it is relatively stable in somatic cells. In this reprogramming process, the genome becomes demethylated, and methylated de novo during later stages of development. Reprogramming of DNA methylation in male germ cells has not been fully investigated. Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) possess a pluripotential nature and display protean histology from germ cells to embryonal and somatic cell differentiation. These properties make TGCT a unique model for studying germ cell development and gametogenesis in respect of DNA reprogramming. In order to obtain an insight into the epigenetic dynamics of TGCTs, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of differential methylated regions (DMRs) on H19 and IGF2 in TGCTs compared with testicular malignant lymphomas. In the present study, we show that methylation imprint at the promoter and CTCF-binding site upstream of H19 was completely erased in both seiminomatous and non-seminomatous TGCTs, whereas differential methylation was observed in testicular lymphomas. The erasure of methylation imprint was also observed in TGCTs with malignant transformation. We found biallelic unmethylation at the promoter and the CTCF-binding site upstream of H19 is required, but not sufficient for the biallelic expression of H19 in TGCTs. These data suggest that factors other than methylation contribute to transcriptional regulation of imprinted genes in TGCTs. The present data have shown that TGCTs carry distinctive epigenetic profiles at the core-imprinting domain of H19/IGF2 from other neoplasms of somatic cell origin. The data also suggest that both seminomatous and non-seminomatous TGCTs carry methylation profiles similar to fetal germ cells, but not adult germ cells, indicating the origin of TGCTs as fetal germ cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Malignant lymphoma of follicular center cell origin in humans. IV. Small transformed (noncleaved) cell lymphoma of the non-Burkitt's type.

Small transformed cell lymphoma (STC) is the least common follicular center cell neoplasm in the Lukes-Collins classification system. If the cells are homogenous in size and shape, Burkitt's lymphoma (STC-BL) is diagnosed; otherwise STC lymphoma of the non-Burkitt's type (STC-nBL) is present. The authors have reviewed their experience with 17 cases of STC-nBL. This neoplasm affects all ages, both sexes equally, and most commonly is Stage IV based either on a visceral abdominal mass or bone marrow involvement. Surface immunoglobulin analysis revealed IgM in all cases tested. In spite of aggressive treatment protocols, there were only 5 of 17 (29%) clinical complete responses. Four of these five have continuous remission from 8 to 23 months after diagnosis; all four of these patients were treated with regimens containing high-dose cyclophosphamide. Future analyses including viral studies, chromosomal analyses, and uniform treatment protocols will help determine whether STC-nBL and Burkitt's lymphoma are truly distinct entities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Dendritic cells: origin and differentiation.

Dendritic cells (DC) are bone marrow-derived cells that are specialized to take up, process and present antigen, and have the capacity to stimulate resting T cells in the primary immune response. DC are a unique population that is likely to derive from a myeloid precursor cell. DC differentiation from bone marrow precursors in enhanced by the cytokines GM-CSF and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In contrast, it has been proposed that thymic DC and T cells arise from a common stem cell, and that these DC play a specific role in the negative selection of thymic T cells. A number of post-bone marrow differentiation stages can be defined phenotypically and functionally. Undifferentiated DC have very active endocytic pathways, including receptor-mediated endocytosis involving a mannose/beta glucan receptor, and macropinocytosis of soluble antigen. In contrast, later stages of maturation are associated with a decreased ability to take up and process antigen, and increasing expression of major histocompatibility complex, adhesion and costimulatory molecules. Finally, activation of DC for full antigen-presenting cell function can be identified by the expression of CD28 ligands. The inflammatory site in rheumatoid arthritis is a human model of DC differentiation in response to a chronic antigenic stimulus. The features of this DC model are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human CD4+ T cell clone longevity in tissue culture: lack of influence of donor age or cell origin.

CD4+ human T cell clones were derived from activated peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy young adults to establish cloning efficiencies (CE) and clonal longevities. These results were compared with those obtained using cells from the very elderly, also in excellent health. CE and both maximal and average longevities under appropriate culture conditions were very similar in the two groups. Moreover, CE of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells and longevities of clones derived from them were also similar. Finally, CE and longevities of clones derived from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukaemia were found to be comparable as well. Hence, T cells with absolutely no antigenic exposure in vivo prior to cloning (i.e. CD34-derived) and those potentially exposed to chronic antigenic stimulation (CML-derived) and those from young or old donors all had similar cloning and propagation properties in vitro. These results imply that the longevity of T cells in culture is more likely to be dictated by cloning conditions than any intrinsic differences between the cells studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Canine ovarian tumors of germ cell origin.

Fourteen ovarian germ cell tumors were diagnosed in the dog--seven dysgerminomas and seven teratomas. Six of the teratomas had immature components and were judged malignant; three had metastasized. One dysgerminoma had metastasized. The dysgerminomas developed in dogs ten years of age and older, and the teratomas developed in dogs nine years old and younger.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Incidence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of germinal center B-cell origin in whole diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: tissue fluorescence in situ hybridization using t(14;18) compared with immunohistochemistry.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be divided into prognostically important categories such as germinal center B (GCB)-like and non-GCB-like groups. The t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation defines a unique subset of DLBCL cases with a GCB gene expression profile. Two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis was applied to detect t(14;18) (q32;q21) in the nuclei of paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 61 patients with de novo DLBCL. Nine (15%) of 61 cases had a positive pattern. Fifty-seven cases were subclassified in an immunohistochemical study with anti-CD10, anti-bcl-6, and anti-MUM1 antibodies. In this classification, 21 cases (37%) were placed in the GCB group, and 36 (63%) were placed in the non-GCB group. There was a discrepancy between t(14;18) occurrence and bcl-2 protein expression. Bcl-2 protein expression was positive in 40 (67%) of 60 cases. The expression of bcl-2 protein in the GCB and non-GCB groups was not significantly different: 15 (71%) of 21 cases in the GCB group and 24 (67%) of 36 cases in the non-GCB group tested positive. We found no difference between the FISH-positive and FISH-negative groups in overall survival time (P = .6019, log-rank test). The overall survival rates of GCB and non-GCB groups did not differ significantly by immunohistochemical classification (P = .5399, log-rank test). Overall survival was significantly longer in the group with a low International Prognostic Index (IPI) score than in the group with a high IPI score (P = .0002, log-rank test). Our results suggest that immunohistochemical study and cytogenetic study with t(14;18) FISH cannot predict the clinical outcomes of DLBCL patients. A study with a larger number of patients may show a difference in clinical outcomes between FISH-positive and FISH-negative groups and between GCB and non-GCB groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

In vitro evaluation of the transportability of viable primary human liver cells originating from discarded donor organs in bioreactors.

BACKGROUND: The use of primary human liver cells obtained from discarded donor organs is increasingly favored for cell-based extracorporeal liver support systems. However, as cryopreservation of primary human hepatocytes causes a significant loss of metabolic activity, the transport of bioreactors with viable liver cells is required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of two major potential threats to viable cells during transport: temperature changes and mechanical stress. METHODS: In each experiment three hollow fiber-based bioreactors were charged with primary human liver cells originating from the same discarded donor organ and were simultaneously kept under culture conditions for 8 days. In total, 18 bioreactors were evaluated. On the fifth day the bioreactors were exposed to hypothermia (4 degrees C, n = 3), to hyperthermia (42 degrees C, n = 3), or served as normothermic controls (37 degrees C, n = 3). In a second test series bioreactors were exposed to vibration (21 Hz for 20 min, thereafter 7 Hz for 160 min, n = 3), or were operated as control cultures (n = 6). The release of hepatocyte-specific enzymes was determined as an indicator for cell damage. RESULTS: Hypothermic stress resulted in a significant release of transaminases and led to disturbances of the histological integrity, all indicating a high degree of cell damage. When compared with the control cultures, hyperthermia and mechanical stress in terms of vibration had no significant effect on the cells. CONCLUSION: The transport of hollow fiber bioreactors charged with viable primary human liver cells appears to be feasible in transport monitors for perfusion and temperature control.

Bioreactors↗