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PubMedDate not supplied

Generator program for computer-assisted instruction: MACGEN. A software tool for generating computer-assisted instructional texts.

This publication describes MACGEN, an interactive development tool to assist teachers to create, modify and extend case simulations, tutorial exercises and multiple-choice question tests designed for computer-aided instruction. The menu-driven software provides full authoring facilities for text files in MACAID format by means of interactive editing. Authors are prompted for items which they might want to change whereas all user-independent items are provided automatically. Optional default values and explanatory messages are available with every prompt. Errors are corrected automatically or commented upon. Thus the program eliminates the need to familiarize with a new language or details of the text file structure. The options for modification of existing text files include display, renumbering of frames and a line-oriented editor. The resulting text files can be interpreted by the MACAID driver without further changes. The text file is held as ASCII records and as such is also accessible with many standard word-processing systems if desired.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1985

Microcomputer applications in pathology research.

In a study of over 700 cases of uveal melanoma on file in the Department of Pathology of Wills Eye Hospital, a low-cost microcomputer using commercially available software (without modification) was used to: word process and edit this manuscript, create a patient file storage and retrieval system including the ability to create subfiles, merge files, and interchange file types, plot data points in several different graphic formats, transcribe and store information from microscopic tissue sections containing intraocular melanomas, and solve complex equations including statistical analysis. The results showed that over 150 different ophthalmologists contributed specimens to this data base. The mean age of the patients studied was 57 years and the tumors were evenly distributed according to sex and laterality of the eye. This study illustrates the feasibility of using a low-cost microcomputer and commercially available software in the study of a large patient data base.

Computers↗
PubMed1986

An investigation of data entry methods with a personal computer.

The features of three methods of data entry were investigated and a trial of them was carried out using operators with differing amounts of keyboard experience. The first method was a simple system of character entry using a word processing package, and the second and third systems were written in a commercial data base language; one was designed to possess limited intelligence, the other moderate intelligence. The amount of time and computing expertise required to set up each method increased in parallel with its sophistication. The most sophisticated method offered theoretical advantages of reduced error rates and increased keying rates but these were not realized in practice. The limited intelligence method, in which data were entered into a screen image of the record form, was fastest overall and was most popular with all users. This method together with verification by dual keying will provide a convenient, rapid, and high fidelity method of data entry. The simplest method was found to be adequate for short forms but incurred high error rates with longer forms.

Computers↗
PubMed1989

MacSECPROT: two programs in BASIC to evaluate protein secondary structure.

Two interactive programs in BASIC are described, which provide useful tools to evaluate protein secondary structure. Output is given in two formats: (1) graphics are displayed on screen, which can be printed immediately, and (2) textfiles are saved to disk as permanent records and can be printed with a word-processing program. The programs are fast and easy to use and could be a valuable teaching aid in biochemical and molecular biology courses. Program lists are written in Microsoft BASIC for the Apple Macintosh, but can be adapted to other machines accepting graphic commands.

Microcomputers↗
PubMed1986

Multilingual translation techniques in the analysis of narrative medical text.

The feasibility of computer translation of scientific and medical documents is controversial. This report describes a minicomputer-based translation system (TRANSOFT) that employs word order rearrangement followed by word-for-word translation and resolution of ambiguities based on context. This translation system was applied to an entire medical textbook written in German and to short medical texts written in French, Italian, Spanish and Turkish. Results suggest the versatility of TRANSOFT for narrowly defined translation problems. As foreign language medical documents and medical records become increasingly available in computer readable form through word processing, computerized typesetting and hospital information systems, computer translation methods may provide a rapid and inexpensive means of obtaining draft translations.

Computers↗
PubMed1991

Neuronal activity in frontal speech area 44 of the human cerebral cortex during word recognition.

The activity of neurons was recorded from cortical speech area 44 of human patients with diagnostic and/or therapeutical depth electrodes while they were performing word recognition and object naming tasks. Some cells responded selectively to either semantic or phonological aspects of word processing with the same latency, others responded consecutively to both semantic and phonological features. The present finding provides the first demonstration of neuronal mechanisms in frontal language cortex and evidences that both consecutive and parallel processing of these speech signs occur in neuronal activity of this area.

Frontal Lobe↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Applications of an inexpensive microcomputer for the general radiologist.

Computer programs of interest to the general radiologist have been written by the author and others for an inexpensive microcomputer. Most of these programs are in the public domain and include: computer-assisted diagnosis; computer-assisted medical education; Bayesian analysis, general statistical analysis; word processing; and radiographic image analysis. Previously, computerized functions such as these have been limited to those with access to a large institutional computer. Due to the general availability of inexpensive microcomputers, the average radiologist or group can now afford the many benefits a computer can add to the practice of radiology.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1990

Micro-computers: availability to and use by trainees in public health medicine.

A survey of the availability to and use of micro-computers by public health medicine trainees was undertaken in February, 1989. Most departments have access to computers and trainees possess computing skills, but almost one in 15 trainees had no access to a micro-computer, and one trainee in eleven had no computing experience while a further one in eight had not progressed beyond word-processing. Departments of Public Health Medicine should review their computing resources and ensure that they are adequate for the challenges of the 1990s.

Computer User Training↗
PubMed1985

Use of the personal computer in clinical research.

Personal computers are quickly becoming items of everyday use. More physicians' offices are using computers for billing and patients' records. Others have purchased computers for their word processing capabilities. These computers can be used for archives of medical case records or to collect and collate data for clinical research. This article focuses on how we use a personal computer for organization and management of clinical research projects. Included is a description of how we organize a research project, gather data, write computer programs, enter data into the computer, and generate and display reports. The use of a template program and a personal computer permits creation of individual programs without the aid of a professional programmer. When a single data-management program is used, five or six research projects can be carried out at a cost comparable to that of one project using a large computer and professional programmers.

Computers↗
PubMed1986

Computer applications in veterinary medical education.

This is a review of the various computer applications used in veterinary medical education. The various applications include drill-and-practice, tutorial, problem-solving, testing, educational management programs, educational games, word processing, educational utilities, authoring programs, and simulations.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1986

Building a practice with a computer.

It should be emphasized that the primary function of the computer is information-handling and communication. It remembers who and when and why, organizes the information, and then communicates by reminders, letters, labels, word processing, and statements. The computer becomes a faithful employee, not altogether immune from physical illness but generally ready to work at the flip of a switch. Best of all, the computer never asks for overtime or a percentage of the profits.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Techniques of reporting disease outbreak investigations.

Effective communication of results and recommendations among veterinarians and between veterinarians and clients is an essential but often neglected component of an outbreak investigation. Although results have been traditionally related verbally, written reports are essential to minimize possible misunderstandings and provide a reference base for future herd health visits or epidemiologic investigations. A uniform reporting scheme for disease investigations by field veterinarians does not exist, but such a system would be desirable to allow comparisons of disease rates and productivity data among herds. In this article, a report format and style is outlined to facilitate exchange of data among veterinarians and clients. Reports to other veterinarians should include the following elements: history, objectives, methodology, results, causes/hypotheses, financial impact, and recommendations. For a client, a report should emphasize causes, recommendations, and the cost of measures to control the condition. Report planning, writing, and editing are facilitated by use of word-processing software on a microcomputer. Style will vary considerably according to the writer's objectives and individual preference, but headings, subheadings, graphs, and tables can be used to increase the visual appeal and readability of a report. The level of technicality should be appropriate for the audience. Sentences should be well constructed and precise.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A survey of the use of micro-computers in general dental practice in Scotland.

The aim of the study was to determine current and future use of micro-computers in general dental practice. A piloted questionnaire was sent to 736 general dental practitioners in Scotland, with the intention of contacting one principal from every dental practice known to the Scottish Dental Estimates Board. A total of 390 (53%) of the questionnaires were returned. If it is assumed that those dentists who did not reply have a low interest in computers then the results of the survey are not likely to lead to an overestimation of trends. Six per cent of the 736 practices that were contacted are using a micro-computer, mainly for practice management and particularly for word processing. In addition, 25% of the replies showed some interest in introducing micro-computers in the future. Thirty-four per cent of current users and 19% of prospective users indicated a high degree of interest in direct data transmission between the practice and the Scottish Dental Estimates Board.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1990

A dBASE III surgical pathology reporting and encoding microcomputer system.

The authors have developed a menu-driven dBASE III system for surgical pathology reporting and encoding in Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED). The system requires no knowledge of dBASE and is readily installed on any IBM-standard personal computer equipped with a fixed disk. The use of dBASE memo fields provides the integration of word processing and database functions. Preliminary gross examination reports are automatically accompanied by data from former cases on the same patient. Patient demographics, SNOMED codes, and final diagnoses are stored on the fixed disk; complete reports are saved on floppy diskettes. Cases can be retrieved by patient name, surgical number, or SNOMED codes. Daily work lists, frozen section-final diagnosis correlations, turnaround time reports, and listings of incomplete cases are easily obtained. Cytologic results can also be entered, allowing automatic correlation with surgical cases.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

A computer package for DNA sequence analysis.

We have developed a comprehensive software-hardware package for a CP/M based or other microcomputer which can perform four major functions in a molecular biology laboratory: (1) the acquisition and analysis of DNA sequence data, (2) word processing in the preparation of scientific manuscripts and figures, (3) general lab computation and data reduction, and (4) as a data terminal for communication of data over the phone line.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Assembly of overlapping DNA sequences by a program written in BASIC for 64K CP/M and MS-DOS IBM-compatible microcomputers.

The SEQALIGN programs1 described in this report aid in the assembly of up to 100 individual overlapping DNA sequences generated by M-13 subcloning and sequencing methods. The program produces a printout of the aligned sequences presented in register. Use of the program will be facilitated because 1) it is written with the Microsoft BASIC interpreter, 2) sequence data may be entered and edited using WORDSTAR or similar word processing programs, and 3) hardware requirements for execution of the program on CP/M or MS-DOS (IBM-PC compatible) systems are minimal.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1986

A DNA sequence analysis program for the Apple Macintosh.

This paper describes a new set of programs for analyzing DNA sequences using the Apple Macintosh computer, a computer ideally suited for this kind of analysis. Because of the Macintosh interface and the availability of high quality software-only speech synthesis, these programs are truly easy to use. Instead of typing in commands, the user directs the program by making selections with the mouse, thereby eliminating most typographical and syntax errors. Output options are selected by "pressing buttons" and then clicking "OK" with the mouse. DNA sequences are confirmed by having the program speak them. The high resolution graphics on the Macintosh not only allow for explanatory diagrams to be used to aid in deciding on input parameters, but can be used to produce slides for presentations and figures for papers. Because of the clipboard and the ability of the Macintosh to readily share data among different applications, data can be saved for use directly in word processing documents (e.g. manuscripts).

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Apple Macintosh programs for nucleic and protein sequence analyses.

This paper describes a package of programs for handling and analyzing nucleic acid and protein sequences using the Apple Macintosh microcomputer. There are three important features of these programs: first, because of the now classical Macintosh interface the programs can be easily used by persons with little or no computer experience. Second, it is possible to save all the data, written in an editable scrolling text window or drawn in a graphic window, as files that can be directly used either as word processing documents or as picture documents. Third, sequences can be easily exchanged with any other computer. The package is composed of thirteen programs, written in Pascal programming language.

Amino Acid Sequence↗