[Middle value position orientation of working models on articulators].
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Dental Articulators↗
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Results for “Value Orientation”
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[Comparison of the personality traits, social characteristics, social behavior and orientation of values of women prisoners and a mixed group of women not imprisoned: similarities and differences].
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Adolescent↗
Early adolescents' values about their pets.
The essays of adolescent boys and girls (N = 354) explaining their decisions to save a pet in the event of a fire were examined by content analysis for the adolescents' underlying value orientations. Hedonistic utility, a moral value characteristic of the second of Kohlberg's (1976) moral development stages, was the primary value underlying adolescents' choices.
Adolescent↗
[Significance of the determination of serum and urinary creatinine for the clinical use, dispensatory care and screening of patients with kidney diseases].
In the early recognition, control of course and therapy of patients with chronic renal diseases the proof of disturbances of the renal functions has a particular value. Here the determination of creatinine in the serum and in the urine increasingly gains significance, since an automatisation stood the test. The creatinine values may be used as orientation values for the clearance method in the dispensary or in the screening as well as in the sense of reference values for other substances normally contained in the urine. In patients with chronic renal diseases a shift of the daily variation of the renal function according to the development of a nycturia is to be observed still before the formation of an isosthenuria. In female test persons the excretion of creatinine is on an average lower than in male ones. This may be based on the differently developed muscle masses. When creatinine is used as reference value for other substances the dependence on age and sex must be taken into consideration in the case that the substance concerned does not reveal the same age- and sex-specific course of behaviour.
Circadian Rhythm↗
[Demographic and ideational change in the European Community].
"It is argued in this article that family formation is conditioned not only by economic factors (more particularly changes in opportunity structures for the two sexes), but also by ideational trends. The economic factors could be seen as responsible for period fluctuations that are superimposed on a long term ideationally driven trend with marked cohort contrasts. Value orientations are explored and compared across countries and age groups using the international data set of the European Values Studies. The analysis identifies a scale for the degree of tolerance towards non-conformism (e.g. divorce, abortion, one-parent family, rejection of marriage as an institution...) and the meaning of parenthood. Both are related to a set of other scales (religiosity, morality, leftism, nationalism, materialism, etc.). Theoretical links are also established with the theories of, respectively, Easterlin and Simons concerning the reasons for the recent fertility decline in the West." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE)
Age Factors↗
Time orientation and psychotherapy in the ghetto.
The ghetto resident's concern with immediate real and psychological survival leads to what Kluckhohn called a present-time cultural value orientation, in contrast to the middle-class time orientation, which values preparation for the future. The authors view several aspects of the psychotherapy of ghetto patients in the light of this difference: evaluating patients for long-term psychotherapy, understanding precipitating factors, and understanding the nature and urgency of patients' communications. The authors have observed behaviors as expressions of impulse rather than of culturally determined expectations that are projected onto the therapist.
Adult↗
Political orientation and occupational values of college youth, 1969 and 1981: a shift toward uniformity.
McFalls and Gallagher (1979) have found a strong relationship between the occupational values and political orientations of college students. Their study was based on the results of a sample survey conducted in 1969. However, the political climate on college campuses has changed dramatically, and so has the nature of the job market. A new survey was conducted in 1981 which was identical to the 1969 survey. Its objective was to determine if the same political group differentials in occupational values which existed in the politically tumultuous late sixties and early seventies still hold in the more placid 1980s. The findings are reported here.
Achievement↗
Leadership values in academic medicine.
PURPOSE: To gain a deeper understanding of the guiding core values that deans of academic medical centers (AMCs) considered most essential for their leadership and the major leadership challenges that confront them. METHOD: In 2003-04, semistructured interviews of 18 deans at U.S. colleges of medicine or AMCs were organized around four dimensions: background, leadership challenges, organizational effectiveness, and systems enablers/restrainers for leadership. A values Q-sort was used to determine how widely core values were shared among deans and how the complex challenges they faced did or did not align with these values. RESULTS: Fourteen of the 18 (78%) deans identified financial difficulties as their most pressing leadership challenge, followed by weak institutional alignment (61%), staffing problems (33%), and poor morale (28%). Open, candid communication was reported as the most effective means of addressing these complex problems. Enacting espoused shared values and having a positive attitude were identified as the most important enablers of systemic leadership, whereas micromanagement and difficult people were the major restraints. Q-sort results on 38 positive leadership values indicated that participants considered integrity most essential. Integrity was positively correlated with humanistic values and negatively correlated with results. Vision, another highly espoused value, correlated strongly with performance-oriented values but correlated negatively with humanistic values. CONCLUSIONS: A dynamic tension exists in AMCs between humanistic values and performance-based core values. The ability to manage that tension (i.e., when to prioritize one set of values over the other) is inherent in a dean's work.
Academic Medical Centers↗
[Migration behavior, its specific features and regulators].
"The author studies the factors motivating the intention for migration and the transition from a decision [to] real migration behaviour. It is underscored that this transition is determined by the nature of relationships between the three major factors--the environment, social norms and needs.... The article outlines the gravest migration problems in the Soviet Union and the main trends and ways by which the society can influence migration processes. These include stabilisation of the population in the countryside and in individual regions by improving social, living and transport conditions, changing social norms and restructuring the needs and value orientation of the inhabitants." (SUMMARY IN ENG)
Behavior↗
The therapeutic value of psychotherapists' values and therapy orientations.
This study investigated novice psychotherapists' personal values and therapy orientations as a therapist variable affecting their therapeutic rapport with psychotic patients. Both types of therapist characteristics were found significantly related to their initial success in terms of rapport with patients, while psychological differentiation and A-B types (Whitehorn and Betz 1954) were not so related. "Equilitarianism" among the values, expressive-experiential qualities among self-declared fortes, and directiveness among therapy orientations were the specific areas found associated with therapists' initial rapport. Conversely, emphasis on "identification" and "suggestive powers" as modes of change produced inverse correlations with success. The results underscore the importance of these variables as therapist attributes but do not necessarily argue for the absolute or intrinsic advantage of these values and doctrines. The composite picture which emerged of the effective therapists suggested equalitarianism combined with some degree of individualism and eclecticism underlying their personal and professional orientations. This may reflect the prevailing actual pragmatism in the professional community, even though it may contrast with their declared ideological loyalties.
Adult↗
[Postmaterialism and fertility].
"Though changes in values have been analysed [for] two decades, their impact on actual behaviour has almost been neglected. This especially is the case with values concerning marriage and the family which [have been] responsible for behavioural changes. Here, the impact of emerging postmaterialistic values on fertility are analysed, deriving from the assumption that the effect of children on the general life-style is large enough to let fertility behaviour be influenced by general value orientations. The main result is that the emergence of postmaterialism has led to postponement of parenthood whereas the number of children is left untouched." (SUMMARY IN ENG)
Attitude↗
Wisdom-related knowledge: affective, motivational, and interpersonal correlates.
This study investigated the connection between wisdom as a body of expert knowledge about the meaning and conduct of life and indicators of affective, motivational, and interpersonal functioning. Structural equation analyses showed that individuals higher on wisdom-related knowledge reported (a) higher affective involvement combined with lower negative and pleasant feelings, (b) a value orientation that focused conjointly on other-enhancing values and personal growth combined with a lesser tendency toward values revolving around a pleasurable life, and (c) a preference for cooperative conflict management strategies combined with a lower tendency to adopt submissive, avoidant, or dominant strategies. These findings corroborate the theoretical notion that wisdom involves affective modulation and complexity rather than the predominant seeking of pleasure and also a joint motivational commitment to developing the potential of oneself and that of others.
Adolescent↗
Values of preservation and values of change in bioethics.
Since its advent bioethics has been motivated and dominated by values of preservation, be it preservation of life on the Earth or preservation of human life, health, rights, dignity, autonomy etc. Bioethics of this, let us say, more traditional type, stresses the need to preserve, to protect the surrounding order of things, which can be easily and irreversibly destroyed by our rash and unreasoned actions. Now I can turn to the second value orientation in the realm of bioethics. It stresses values related with changes in the existing (natural) order of things, these changes to be directed by our interests, desires and dreams. This kind of bioethics upholds our views above the imperatives of the preservation of nature around us. Nature is perceived, first of all, as a raw material to be transformed, more or less radically changed on the basis of our designs and by means of our technologies in order to achieve our own goals. This opposition of two value systems can be presented as opposition between the stands of a naturalist as a (pure) observer of phenomena of the outer and inner world, on the one hand, and a researcher as someone who exerts active interventions and, after all, produces changes in the world.
Bioethical Issues↗
Mentoring program guides new hospital trustees. A religious institute ensures trustee orientation is mission and value based.
In 1990 the Sisters of Charity began offering a mentoring program to ensure that sisters who serve on boards of its sponsored institutions can fulfill their commitment to effective stewardship. For participating healthcare facilities, the program offers an assurance that their trustees will have a clear direction, common information, and a mission- and value-based orientation process. The new trustees gain a basic understanding of their role and responsibilities as trustees, including the ministerial dimension. Mentors in the program benefit by refreshing their understanding of issues facing trustees. Participants in the mentoring program must meet the criteria for all trustees and demonstrate a special commitment to the congregation's mission and philosophy. The mentors are selected on the basis of their experience, availability, and commitment to the congregation's mission and philosophy. After participating in at least one board meeting, the new trustees, along with their mentors, attend an orientation seminar that focuses on sponsorship's history, purposes, principles, and policies and the system's services, roles, and functions. A second seminar is held nine months later for evaluation and follow-up. In addition, the mentors and trustees meet regularly before and/or after each board meeting to discuss pertinent issues, board dynamics, and the new trustee's participation.
Catholicism↗
Development of prosocial, individualistic, and competitive orientations: theory and preliminary evidence.
The authors adopt an interdependence analysis of social value orientation, proposing that prosocial, individualistic, and competitive orientations are (a) partially rooted in different patterns of social interaction as experienced during the periods spanning early childhood to young adulthood and (b) further shaped by different patterns of social interaction as experienced during early adulthood, middle adulthood, and old age. Congruent with this analysis, results revealed that relative to individualists and competitors, prosocial individuals exhibited greater levels of secure attachment (Studies 1 and 2) and reported having more siblings, especially sisters (Study 3). Finally, the prevalence of prosocials increased--and the prevalence of individualists and competitors decreased--from early adulthood to middle adulthood and old age (Study 4).
Adolescent↗
Social workers' orientations toward community mental health concepts.
Relations between ideological priorities in social work and community mental health were examined by a Likert-type questionnaire containing statements representing Caplan's Conceptual Models in Community Mental Health. Seventy social workers were sampled, with equal subsamples representing the five largest fields of practice in social work. This sample appeared to be highly representative of the national social work population by fields of personal service. By analyses of variance and correlation, significant differences were found between levels of approval for respective models by the total sample, but no significant differences were found by fields of practice, or any other professional or demographic attribute. This indicates a consensual integrity in the social work profession's community mental health orientation, and strong mutuality between social work and community mental health value orientations.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
[The Göttinger minipig as a laboratory animal (author's transl)].
Blood pictures, serumelectrolytes, acid-base- and bloodgas-values of the arterial blood were determined from two juvenile and one adulte collectives of minipigs (Gottingen strain), which were kept under SPF-conditions. The results were compared with the corresponding values of human blood and should be regarded as base- or orienting values for further investigations.
Animals↗
The reproduction of vertical and oblique orientations in the visual, haptic, and somato-vestibular systems.
This study investigates whether the vertical orientation may be predominantly used as an amodal reference norm by the visual, haptic, and somato-vestibular perceptual systems to define oblique orientations. We examined this question by asking the same sighted adult subjects to reproduce, in the frontal (roll) plane, the vertical (0 degree) and six oblique orientations in three tasks involving different perceptual systems. In the visual task, the subjects adjusted a moveable rod so that it reproduced the orientation of a visual rod seen previously in a dark room. In the haptic task, the blindfolded sighted subjects scanned an oriented rod with one hand and reproduced its orientation, with the same hand, on a moveable response rod. In the somato-vestibular task, the blind-folded sighted subjects, sitting in a rotating chair, adjusted this chair in order to reproduce the tested orientation of their own body. The results showed that similar oblique effects (unsigned angular error difference between six oblique orientations and vertical orientation) were observed across the three tasks. However, there were no positive correlations between the visual, haptic, and somato-vestibular oblique effects. Moreover, in some oblique orientations, there was a tendency to overestimate the angle between the oblique orientation and the vertical orientation. This effect varied according to the orientation value and the modality. Taken together, these findings suggest that although vertical orientation is used as a reference norm in the visual, haptic, and somato-vestibular systems to define oblique orientations, specific processing mechanisms seem to be at work in each perceptual system.
Adult↗