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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Risk factors associated with subaponeurotic haemorrhage in full-term infants exposed to vacuum extraction.

OBJECTIVES: To determine obstetric and neonatal risk factors associated with subaponeurotic haemorrhage (SAH) in infants exposed to vacuum extraction. DESIGN: A prospective observational study. SETTING: In the labour room, operation theatre, postnatal wards and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary teaching hospital. POPULATION: All infants born in the hospital with a history of exposure to vacuum extraction. METHODS: A prospective observational study carried out over a 26-month period. All eligible infants were examined at birth and during the first 24 hours of life. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A diagnosis of SAH was based on detection of a tender fluctuant scalp swelling that crossed the skull suture lines of infants. RESULTS: Of 10,066 infants born in the hospital during the study period, 338 (3.4%) had exposure to vacuum extraction. SAH was detected in 71 (21.0%) of them. Forward multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that five factors were significantly associated with development of SAH: maternal nulliparity (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 4.0; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.6, 10.0), failed vacuum extraction (adjusted OR: 16.4; 95% CI: 2.0, 135.6), Apgar score of less than 8 at 5 minutes of life (adjusted OR: 5.0; 95% CI: 1.7, 15.2), marks of vacuum cup over the sagittal suture (adjusted OR: 4.4; 95% CI: 1.9, 10.2) and marks of leading edge of vacuum cup at <3 cm away from the anterior fontanel of infants' heads (adjusted OR: 6.0; 95% CI: 1.7, 21.0). CONCLUSION: Maternal nulliparity, placement of vacuum extraction cup over the sagittal suture at a distance too close to infant's anterior fontanel and failed vacuum extraction predisposed infants to develop SAH.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Is the vacuum extractor really the instrument of first choice?

This study was a retrospective analysis of the pattern of usage of both the forceps and vacuum extractor as well as the neonatal outcome on all the instrumental deliveries conducted in 1995 at the Kandang Kerbau Hospital, Singapore. There were a total of 927 forceps deliveries and 495 vacuum extractions but neonatal data was available for only 481 forceps and 255 vacuum extractor babies. (There were 2 neonatal units which accepted admissions on alternate days; all of the data were collected from 1 of the units only). Demographic data were comparable in most aspects except that vacuum deliveries were significantly associated with higher parity and shorter labours. There was a trend towards using the vacuum extractor in less difficult cases. Almost all the instrumental deliveries were conducted by specialists. Birth trauma was significantly more likely to occur with the vacuum extractor. Almost all the deliveries were conducted with similar expertise in both groups, yet the use of the vacuum extractor resulted in more birth trauma even in the presence of 'easier' cases. This may suggest an inherent risk in using the vacuum extractor.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of rebiopsy rates after stereotactic core needle biopsy of the breast with 11-gauge vacuum suction probe versus 14-gauge needle and automatic gun.

OBJECTIVE: The 11-gauge vacuum suction probe is an alternative to the 14-gauge needle and automatic gun for performing stereotactic core needle biopsies. This study compares rebiopsy rates after stereotactic core needle biopsies that were performed with the two methods. The study also assesses the outcomes of those repeat biopsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five hundred ninety-two stereotactic core needle biopsies using a 14-gauge needle and automatic gun and 354 using an 11-gauge vacuum suction probe were performed consecutively. Excluding malignancies, the number of cases requiring rebiopsy and the reasons for rebiopsy were determined for each group. The histologic diagnoses of the repeat biopsies were assessed. RESULTS: The rebiopsy rate was significantly lower with the 11-gauge vacuum suction probe (9.0%) than with the 14-gauge needle and automatic gun (14.9%) (p = .013). Significant reductions were found in cases of insufficient sampling (probe, 1.7%; needle, 4.4%; p = .042) and mammographic-pathologic discrepancy (probe, 0.8%; needle, 3.4%; p = .026). The rebiopsy rate for masses was 6.1% with the vacuum probe versus 10.7% with the 14-gauge needle (p = .12) and for calcifications was 11.6% with the vacuum probe versus 23.7% with the 14-gauge needle (p = .003). After rebiopsy, the percentage of cases in which malignancy was found was 18.5% with the vacuum probe versus 13.7% with the 14-gauge needle. On rebiopsy, the percentage of malignancies found in each category were atypical hyperplasia: probe 26.7%, needle 20.0%; insufficient sample: probe 0%, needle 9.5%; pathologist recommendation: probe 50.0%, needle 12.5%; and lobular carcinoma in situ: probe 0%, needle 100%. CONCLUSION: Use of the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted device significantly decreases but does not eliminate the need for rebiopsy after stereotactic core needle biopsy. The rebiopsy rate for calcifications was significantly reduced by using the vacuum suction probe rather than the 14-gauge needle; however, the rate for masses was reduced only slightly. On rebiopsy, malignancies were found in both groups.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed2003

Comparison of automated versus vacuum-assisted biopsy methods for sonographically guided core biopsy of the breast.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of sonographically guided core biopsies performed with the 14-gauge automated gun with the outcome of those performed with the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted device. Outcome was defined in terms of missed tumors, the need (both immediate and delayed) for a second biopsy, histologic underestimation, and complication rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all sonographically guided core biopsies performed between January 1997 and August 2001. Before February 2000, biopsies were performed using the 14-gauge automated gun and after that time, with either the 14-gauge automated gun or the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted device. During the study period, 181 biopsies were performed with the 14-gauge automated gun and 100 with the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted device. RESULTS: The histologic results of the core biopsies were similar for the group who underwent biopsy with the 14-gauge automated gun and the group who underwent biopsy with the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted device: malignant, 19% versus 19%; benign, 78% versus 79%; and high-risk lesion or other, 3% versus 2%, respectively (p > 0.7). Complications were rare and similar for both methods: 2% for the 14-gauge automated gun and 3% for the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted device (p = 0.46). A second biopsy was recommended immediately after the first in 14% of the patients who underwent biopsy with the 14-gauge automated gun versus 17% of those who underwent biopsy with the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted device (p = 0.47). Recommendation for delayed rebiopsy due to interval change occurred in 2.5% of the patients who underwent biopsy with the 14-gauge automated gun method and 3% of those who underwent biopsy with the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted device (p = 0.94). CONCLUSION: No significant differences were found in the outcomes of sonographically guided core biopsies performed with the automated gun compared with those performed with the vacuum-assisted device in terms of missed cancers, underestimation, complications, or the need (immediate or delayed) for a second biopsy.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed2006

Fate of inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7, cultured under different conditions, on fresh and decontaminated beef transitioned from vacuum to aerobic packaging.

This study evaluated the behavior of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during aerobic storage, after storage in vacuum packages, on beef inoculated with cultures prepared (35 degrees C, 24 h) in tryptic soy broth without dextrose (TSB), nonacid hot water carcass decontamination runoff fluids (washings; pH 6.0; WASH), cells from biofilms formed on stainless steel coupons in WASH (WETB), or WETB dried (25 degrees C, 12 h) before harvesting of cells (DRYB). These inocula were applied to fresh beef pieces (40 cm2), which were then left untreated or treated by immersion in hot water (75 degrees C) followed by 2% lactic acid (55 degrees C; hot water/lactic acid [HW/LA]), for 30 s each. Inoculated samples were vacuum packaged and stored at 0 (30, 60, or 90 days), 4 (7 or 14 days), or 12 degrees C (4 or 8 days) and subsequently transferred to retail packages for aerobic storage at 7 degrees C for 5 days. Populations of E. coli O157:H117, regardless of inoculum type, remained generally unchanged (P > 0.05) after aerobic storage (7 degrees C, 5 days) of untreated or HW/LA-treated beef samples previously stored in vacuum packages at 0 or 4 degrees C. However, reductions in E. coli O157:H7 levels were generally obtained when vacuum packaged, untreated beef samples previously stored at 12 degrees C were transitioned to aerobic conditions. Additionally, despite similar (P > 0.05) levels of E. coli O157:H7 cells of TSB, WASH, WETB, and DRYB origin on vacuum-packaged, untreated samples after 8 days of storage at 12 degrees C, subsequent aerobic storage resulted in larger (P < 0.05) reductions of cells of WETB and DRYB origin than for cells of TSB and WASH origin. For HW/LA-treated beef previously stored at 12 degrees C in vacuum packages, populations of E. coli O157:H7 remained largely unchanged after aerobic storage in retail packages. Results thus indicated that aerobic storage of beef (7 degees C, 5 days) previously stored in vacuum packages at 0 or 4 degrees C did not lead to E. coli O157:H7 population changes, whereas transition from vacuum packages stored under mildly abusive temperature (12 degrees C) to aerobic storage may have caused injury and death to the pathogen.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The effect of artificial caput on performance of vacuum extractors.

OBJECTIVE: To isolate and describe the effect of chignon formation (vacuum-induced caput) on the performance of six vacuum extractors. METHODS: Six vacuum extractors were examined in the laboratory: the 6-cm Malmstrom, Mityvac, M-Type, Silc, Silastic, and Tender-Touch. The devices were tested in two model systems that duplicated the fetal scalp with and without chignon. A fetal cephalic model mimicked the head without chignon. The second model used the hind quarters of anesthetized dogs. Chignon was formed by slowly increasing vacuum until the target vacuum was reached. At increments of vacuum, traction was applied in the axis of the cup and maximal tractive force (pop-off) was measured. RESULTS: A statistically unique regression line described each device. There was no significant difference in the regression lines for the Malmstrom and M-Type cups with or without chignon. At equal vacuum, there was a significant decrease (P < .05) in maximal tractive force with chignon formation in the bell-shaped cups. CONCLUSIONS: There is a demonstrable deterioration in the performance of bell-shaped cups with the formation of chignon. These data suggest that when using a bell-shaped extractor, efforts should be directed toward minimizing chignon formation by applying vacuum only with traction.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The risk of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage with vacuum extraction of neonates weighing 2000 grams or less.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this retrospective study was to test the hypothesis that vacuum extraction of neonates with a birth weight < or = 2000 gm is associated with an increased risk of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PV-IVH). STUDY DESIGN: One hundred sixty-eight neonates weighing < or = 2000 gm were entered into this case control study. Fifty-six neonates delivered by silicone-rubber vacuum comprised the study group. For every infant born by vacuum-assisted delivery, two spontaneously delivered neonates served as controls (n = 112) and were matched for best obstetric gestational age (within 1 week), delivery date within 1 year, and birth weight < or = 2000 gm. Maternal and neonatal medical records were reviewed for demographic variables, antenatal complications, indication for vacuum-assisted delivery, neonatal birth weight, Apgar scores, umbilical cord blood gas values, and neonatal morbidity including the incidence of PV-IVH. All perinatal outcome variables were compared between the vacuum-assisted and spontaneously delivered groups. RESULTS: Both groups were similar with regard to maternal age, parity, antepartum complications, gestational age at delivery, neonatal birth weight, and gender. Both groups were also similar with regard to the incidence of 1-minute Apgar score < 5, small for gestational age, cephalhematoma, birth trauma, respiratory distress syndrome, hyperbilirubinemia, and sepsis. There was a significant increased incidence of 5-minute Apgar scores < 7 in the vacuum-assisted group (p = 0.04). No significant difference was observed in the incidence of PV-IVH grades 1 through 4 (21.4% vacuum group vs 16.1% control group, odds ratio 1.42, 0.58 to 3.45). CONCLUSION: Indicated use of the silicone-rubber vacuum to assist vaginal delivery of neonates weighing < or = 2000 gm does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of PV-IVH or other neonatal complications.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of a wipe and a vacuum collection method for the determination of lead in residential dusts.

Lead-containing house dust is an important source of childhood lead exposure. Standard methods for collection of settled dust for evaluation of lead content have not been established. Little is known about the relationships between the various wipe and vacuum-based methods employed in past studies, preventing meaningful comparisons of results. This study characterized the relationship between a frequently used wipe dust collection method and a vacuum-based in-line filter method used to collect dust in a national survey of lead in paint and dust in U.S. housing. The correlation coefficient was 0.82 for estimates of lead loadings (PbD, mg/m2) from 71 pairs of side-by-side wipe and vacuum dust samples collected from uncarpeted floors, window sills, and exterior window wells in six dwellings. Geometric mean (GM) wipe PbD estimates exceeded those for vacuum samples by a factor of 3.9 and 5.7 for floors and window sills, respectively, findings consistent with the multiple sources of sample loss associated with the vacuum sampler. For window wells, the GM vacuum PbD estimate exceeded the GM wipe PbD estimate by a factor of 3.4, possibly due to the use of an alternative vacuum nozzle. The resulting increase in the estimated prevalence of U.S. homes with elevated dust lead loadings had wipe-sampling instead of vacuum-sampling methods been used in the national survey is discussed.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Study of the effects of vacuuming on the concentration of dust mite antigen and endotoxin.

BACKGROUND: Dust mite antigens are major sources of allergens in house dust and together with endotoxin, a proinflammatory component of gram negative bacteria also found in house dust, are important causes of tissue injury involved in the pathogenesis and severity of allergic diseases, eg, asthma. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of vacuuming in reducing the quantity of dust mite antigens, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p and Der p2) and endotoxin using a quantitative ELISA assay and to correlate results with those obtained using a qualitative rapid dipstick method for Der p2. METHODS: Four specimens of house dust were collected using a Kirby Model G5 vacuum cleaner with a Micron Magic Filtration system from an approximately 54" x 18" standardized area of rug from each of 20 homes at 4 time intervals over a 6-week period, ie, a baseline specimen #1 at 0 week; specimen #2 at 1 week; specimen #3 at 5 weeks (1 month after specimen #2); specimen #4 at 6 weeks (1 week after specimen #3). Three intervals were compared, ie, period 1-2 (1 week), period 2-3 (1 month), and period 3 to 4 (1 week). The concentrations of Der p1 and Der p2 were determined in dust samples using a standard ELISA assay and the concentration of endotoxin was detected using a limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Concentrations of Der p2, determined by the standard ELISA assay, were compared to those in the same samples determined by a rapid dipstick method. RESULTS: A wide range of values for total weight of unprocessed dust (0.3 to 59 g, X = 8.7) and finely sieved dust (0.1 to 19 g, X = 3) from all specimens were found. In finely sieved dust specimens the mean concentrations of Der p1, Der p2 and endotoxin were 775, 1310, and 3836 ng/g of dust, respectively. Following weekly vacuuming there was an increase in concentration of Der p1, Der p2, and endotoxin in 20%, 35%, and 63% of the houses, respectively, compared to in monthly vacuuming in which increases were seen in 65%, 50%, and 63% of the houses, respectively. In contrast, there was a decrease in concentration of Der p1, Der p2 and endotoxin with weekly vacuuming in 43%, 60%, and 37% of the houses respectively versus in monthly vacuuming in 15%, 35%, and 37% of the houses respectively. A correlation coefficient of 0.7 was found for the concentration of Der p2 in 37/40 samples tested detected using the ELISA method compared with rapid dipstick assay. CONCLUSION: The results of this study support the effectiveness of vacuuming on the reduction of dust mite antigens (Der p1 and Der p2) ie, Der p2 > Der p1. This reduction was more pronounced with weekly compared with monthly vacuuming. No reduction in the concentration of endotoxin was found. A good correlation was found between results obtained by ELISA and rapid dipstick assay for Der p2.

Air Pollution, Indoor↗
PubMed1997

Vacuum phenomena in the sacroiliac joints and in association with sacral insufficiency fractures. Incidence and significance.

STUDY DESIGN: The computed tomography scans of two groups of patients of similar age and sex, with and without sacral insufficiency fractures, respectively, were assessed retrospectively. OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of sacroiliac joint vacuum phenomena in individuals with and without sacral insufficiency fractures and to evaluate a possible association between vacuum phenomena and sacral insufficiency fractures. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The occurrence of vacuum phenomena is well recognized in the vertebra, but not in the sacroiliac joint. Gas foci in sacral insufficiency fractures recently has been reported. It has been suggested that the presence of vacuum phenomena may aid in the diagnosis of these fractures. METHODS: The computed tomography scans of 28 female patients with sacral insufficiency fractures and of 60 age- and sex-matched control individuals were evaluated. RESULTS: In the group with sacral insufficiency fractures, vacuum phenomena were detected in 69.2% of patients and in 63.5% of sacroiliac joints, with sacroiliac joint-related osteophytes found in 19.2% of patients. Very similar incidences were demonstrated in the control group. There was no correlation between sacroiliac joint osteophytes and vacuum phenomena in either group. The vacuum phenomenon was detected within the sacral insufficiency fracture in only one patient, in whom the fracture communicated with the adjacent sacroiliac joint. CONCLUSION: Vacuum phenomena are frequently found in the sacroiliac joints of elderly women, and their presence is of no diagnostic significance when demonstrated in patients with sacral insufficiency fractures.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Low- or high-vacuum drains in hip arthroplasty? A randomized study of 73 patients.

We compared the effect of low-vacuum and high-vacuum drains on blood loss and blood transfusions in a randomized study of 73 patients undergoing primary hip arthroplasties. During the first postoperative hour, the high-vacuum drains evacuated more blood than the low-vacuum ones, median 135 and 35 mL (p < 0.001). After that, the rate of blood loss into the drains was approximately the same. Median blood losses into the drains after 24 hours were 570 mL in the high-vacuum group and 480 mL in the low-vacuum group (p = 0.03). Corresponding values after 48 hours were 785 mL and 585 mL (p = 0.002). The hemoglobin concentration in the drain fluid during the second postoperative day was lower in the high-vacuum group, indicating a more serous discharge. Our findings indicate that drains should be removed within 24 hours. High-vacuum drains evacuate more blood initially but may cause more damage to the tissues, especially if they are left for more than 24 hours. We found no significant difference in postoperative hemoglobin decrease or in the number of blood transfusions and wound complications in the 2 groups.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sonographically guided core biopsy of the breast: comparison of 14-gauge automated gun and 11-gauge directional vacuum-assisted biopsy methods.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of 14-gauge automated biopsy and 11-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsy for the sonographically guided core biopsies of breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all sonographically guided core biopsies performed from January 2002 to February 2004. The sonographically guided core biopsies were performed with using a 14-gauge automated gun on 562 breast lesions or with using an 11-gauge vacuum-assisted device on 417 lesions. The histologic findings were compared with the surgical, imaging and follow-up findings. The histologic underestimation rate, the repeat biopsy rate and the false negative rates were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: A repeat biopsy was performed on 49 benign lesions because of the core biopsy results of the high-risk lesions (n = 24), the imaging-histologic discordance (n = 5), and the imaging findings showing disease progression (n = 20). The total underestimation rates, according to the biopsy device, were 55% (12/22) for the 14-gauge automated gun biopsies and 36% (8/22) for the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted device (p = 0.226). The atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) underestimation (i.e., atypical ductal hyperplasia at core biopsy and carcinoma at surgery) was 58% (7/12) for the 14-gauge automated gun biopsies and 20% (1/5) for the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsies. The ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) underestimation rate (i.e., ductal carcinoma in situ upon core biopsy and invasive carcinoma found at surgery) was 50% (5/10) for the 14-gauge automated gun biopsies and 41% (7/17) for the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsies. The repeat biopsy rates were 6% (33/562) for the 14-gauge automated gun biopsies and 3.5% (16/417) for the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsies. Only 5 (0.5%) of the 979 core biopsies were believed to have missed the malignant lesions. The false-negative rate was 3% (4 of 128 cancers) for the 14-gauge automated gun biopsies and 1% (1 of 69 cancers) for the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsies. CONCLUSION: The outcomes of the sonographically guided core biopsies performed with the 11-gauge vacuum-assisted device were better than those outcomes of the biopsies performed with the 14-gauge automated gun in terms of underestimation, rebiopsy and the false negative rate, although these differences were not statistically significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The efficacy of the rapid form cervical vacuum immobilizer in cervical spine immobilization of the equipped football player.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of the Rapid Form Cervical Vacuum Immobilizer in controlling the cervical spine movements of a football player wearing shoulder pads and a helmet. DESIGN AND SETTING: We used a 1-group, repeated-measures experimental design to radiographically assess cervical spine range of motion with and without the Rapid Form Cervical Vacuum Immobilizer. Two experimental conditions (with and without vacuum splint) were applied to 10 subjects in a repeated-measures design. Each subject was radiographed in cervical forward flexion, extension, and lateral flexion under each experimental condition. SUBJECTS: Ten healthy male subjects without a history of cervical spine pathology or abnormality volunteered for this study. MEASUREMENTS: Cervical forward flexion, extension, and lateral flexion range of motion were compared under both treatment conditions. Joint angles were determined by straightedge tangential lines drawn on the radiographs along the foramen magnum, inferior ring border of the atlas, and along the inferior tips of the 2nd through 7th vertebral bodies. The total range of motion was determined and compared with the treatment condition by multiple paired t tests. RESULTS: The Cervical Vacuum Immobilizer limited cervical spine range of motion in forward flexion, extension, and lateral flexion. The secondary statistical analysis for the effect size determined that each group had a large effect size, indicating that the power of the experimental or vacuum splint group was high. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the Cervical Vacuum Immobilizer limited cervical spine range of motion in forward flexion, extension, and lateral flexion. The Cervical Vacuum Immobilizer can be easily placed on an injured, fully equipped football player and serves to limit cervical spine range of motion while the athlete is immobilized and transported. Future research should determine how the Cervical Vacuum Immobilizer limits range of motion with the athlete immobilized to the spine board.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of FDA advisory on reported vacuum-assisted delivery and morbidity.

OBJECTIVE: In May 1998 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a health advisory reporting neonatal injuries/deaths following vacuum delivery and encouraged voluntary reports of future adverse events. We compared FDA reports of vacuum delivery adverse events prior to and following the advisory. METHODS: The FDA database (MAUDE) was searched for vacuum deliveries using brand name, manufacturer name, and procedure "string searches." Cases were sorted by report date, source, and manufacturer. Neonatal morbidity was quantified as deaths and life-threatening or nonlife-threatening events. RESULTS: A total of 80 reported adverse cases were identified after duplicate cases were consolidated. Twenty-five were reported to the FDA prior to the 1998 advisory and 55 in the immediate 6-month period following the advisory. There was a 22-fold increase in reported events from five events/year prior to the advisory to an estimated 110 events/year following the advisory. The distribution of reporting sources changed significantly following the advisory with increased "manufacturer" (8-43%) and decreased "voluntary" reports (56-20%). All major brand names were represented. During the 6 months following the FDA advisory there were 10 neonatal deaths, 30 life-threatening events, 12 nonlife-threatening events, and three equipment-related reports. Infant deaths were due to intracranial or subgaleal hematomas. Injuries included skull fracture, scalp abrasions, and cephalohematomas. CONCLUSIONS: The FDA advisory was associated with a 22-fold increase in the rate of reported adverse events. This increase in reporting likely represents both enhanced awareness of complications as well as an increase in vacuum-related adverse neonatal sequelae. As vacuum delivery is associated with greater neonatal morbidity/ mortality than was previously recognized, the adage that the vacuum is "designed to come off before infant damage occurs" appears unsubstantiated. It is recommended that manufacturers quantify the suction and traction capabilities of present and new proposed vacuum cup designs.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed2002

Vacuum-soaking of wood chip shiitake (Lentinula edodes) logs to reduce soak time and log weight variability and to stimulate mushroom yield.

Synthetic logs were vacuum-soaked or regular-soaked to determine the effects of soaking on yield and mushroom size, log weight variability and water distribution within the log. Yields (g/log) from substrates vacuum-soaked were higher by 26.7%, 18.6% and 35.8% (mean = 27.2%) for crops I, II and III, respectively, when compared with regular-soaked. However, mushroom size averaged only 11.2 g for vacuum-soaked logs vs 17 g for regular-soaked logs (51.8% larger for regular-soaked). The time required for vacuum-soaking logs was generally less than 3 min, compared with regular-soaking times ranging over 3-15 h. Water tended to accumulate more in the outside zone in the vacuum-soaked logs, compared with regular-soaked logs. Mean moisture contents for crops I and II for outside, middle and interior zones of vacuum-soaked logs were 66%, 47.5% and 42.2%, respectively, while regular-soaked logs for the same zones were 62.4%, 52.1% and 50.9%, respectively. Vacuum-soaked log weights had lower standard deviations than weights for regular-soaked logs in four out of six soaks, indicating a more uniform soaking process.

Crops, Agricultural↗
PubMed2006

Onset of vacuum-related complaints in neonates.

Since vacuum-related neonatal morbidity has been described in many studies clinical observation of neonates is common practice after vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery. However, no guidelines are available regarding the required length of hospital stay of these infants, because little is known about the first onset of complaints due to vacuum extraction-related morbidity. In a prospective observational cohort study we found that vacuum extraction-related complaints occurred in term neonates within 10 h following birth. Mild to moderate morbidity was frequently seen, whereas severe morbidity was infrequently seen. Previous artificial delivery, Apgar score lower than 7 at 1 min, and birth weight >4.0 kg were risk factors for morbidity after vacuum extraction. We suggest that it is justified to discharge neonates at least 10 h after vacuum delivery when no vacuum extraction-related complaints have occurred.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1993

The effect of vacuum cleaners on the concentration and particle size distribution of airborne cat allergen.

BACKGROUND: Vacuum cleaners are essential for the removal of dust from the surface of carpets; however, they may also contribute to airborne dust both by leakage through the cleaner and disturbance of floor dust. METHODS: The present studies used established techniques for measuring airborne Fel d I to study the effects of vacuum cleaners on airborne cat allergen under laboratory conditions and in houses with cats. Nine different models were loaded with dust containing 50 mg Fel d I and run for 15 minutes in a laboratory room (volume approximately 18 m3). Leakage was expressed as the airborne concentration of allergen in nanograms per cubic meter. RESULTS: Cleaners incorporating a double-thickness dust bag either did not leak, that is, less than 0.4 ng Fel d I/m3 or had minor leakage approximately 5 ng/m3. Vacuum cleaners with single-thickness paper bags leaked more, that is, 15 to > 90 ng/m3 with the exception of the cleaner with an efficient outer bag. Detailed studies on a vacuum cleaner that leaked showed that placing dust in the bag, replacing the dust bag with a double-thickness bag, and placing an electrostatic filter over the exhaust reduced levels from greater than 90 ng/m3 to less than 2 ng/m3. Two water-filter vacuum cleaners each emitted cat allergen (up to > 100 ng/m3) with a mean of approximately 90% on particles less than 2.5 microns diameter. This emission could be almost completely controlled by taping electrostatic filter paper over the air outlet. CONCLUSIONS: In houses with cats, different models of vacuum cleaners could either reduce or increase total airborne allergen, and could also selectively increase certain particle sizes. These results suggest that cat allergen is a good model for studying the effectiveness of vacuum cleaners recommended to allergic patients.

Air Pollution, Indoor↗
PubMed2005

Blood flow responses in the peristernal thoracic wall during vacuum-assisted closure therapy.

BACKGROUND: Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy is a recently introduced method for the treatment of poststernotomy mediastinitis. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of negative pressure on peristernal soft tissue blood flow and metabolism because the mechanisms by which vacuum-assisted closure therapy promotes wound healing are not known in detail. METHODS: Microvascular blood flow was examined by laser Doppler velocimetry in an uninfected porcine sternotomy wound model. Microvascular blood flow was examined in the muscular and subcutaneous tissue, at different distances from the wound edge, after the application of -50 to -200 mm Hg. Wound fluid pH, partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, and lactate were analyzed after 0, 30, and 60 minutes of continuous negative pressure. RESULTS: Vacuum-assisted closure therapy induced an increase in the microvascular blood flow a few centimeters from the wound edge. In muscular tissue, the distance from the wound edge to the position at which the blood flow was increased was shorter than that in subcutaneous tissue. Close to the wound edge, relative hypoperfusion was observed. The hypoperfused zone was larger at high negative pressures and was especially prominent in subcutaneous tissue. Wound fluid partial pressure of oxygen and lactate levels were increased after 60 minutes of vacuum-assisted closure therapy, which may be the result of changes in the microvascular blood flow. CONCLUSIONS: Vacuum-assisted closure therapy induces a change in microvascular blood flow that is dependent on the pressure applied, the distance from the wound edge, and the tissue type. It may be beneficial to tailor the negative pressure used for vacuum-assisted closure therapy according to the wound tissue composition. Wound fluid partial pressure of oxygen and lactate levels increased during vacuum-assisted closure therapy. This combination is known to promote wound healing.

Animals↗