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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Electron microscopic observation of the effects of Rhodiola kirilowii (Regel.) Maxim. in preventing damage of the rat viscera by a hypoxic high altitude environment].

This paper has shown that the pathologic damages done to rat's viscera due to hypoxic environment of altitude can be reduced significantly by oral administrations of Shengmaiyin, Danshen-Chuanxiong mixture and Rhodiola kirilowii. Shengmaiyin that maintains interior substances in the plate layer bodies proves more effective than Danshen-Chuanxiong mixture, while the latter excels in preventing capillary contraction, thus improving blood circulation. Rhodiola kirilowii has the effects of both Shengmaiyin and Danshen-Chuanxiong mixtures.

Altitude Sickness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical illness in a wild turkey with Laminosioptes cysticola infestation of the viscera and peripheral nerves.

Laminosioptes cysticola, the fowl cyst mite, was found in peripheral nerves and thoracic and abdominal viscera of an emaciated eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) exhibiting severe torticollis, circling, loss of balance, and wing droop. Mites, sometimes accompanied by granulomatous inflammation, were abundant in brachial plexus and sciatic nerves. Mild lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffing was present in the cerebellum, but no direct evidence of mites or other infectious agents was found in the central nervous system. This is the first report of L. cysticola infestation in a wild turkey and of the invasion of nervous tissue by this mite.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Long-term surgical preparation of portal vein-drained viscera for determination of their nutritional requirements in preruminant calves.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a surgical preparation to study the nutrient concentration difference across the portal vein-drained viscera of preruminant calves over a 2-week period. ANIMALS: 9 healthy preruminant male Holstein calves. PROCEDURE: A bilateral subcostal approach was used to reach the portal area to provide access for proper placement of an ultrasonic transit time flow probe around the portal vein. The umbilical vein was used as an entry point for the portal vein catheter. The femoral artery was also catheterized. Calves were observed daily, and food intake was recorded. Body weight was recorded weekly. The calves were euthanatized, and necropsy was performed 2 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: Of the 9 calves, 7 recovered without surgical complications. Within 24 hours of surgery, 1 calf developed an intestinal hernia at the flank incision that was surgically repaired without further complications. One calf was euthanatized a week after surgery because it developed septicemia secondary to catheter-related infection. CONCLUSION: The bilateral subcostal approach provided access to the portal area, and the umbilical vein was useful as an entry point. Application of an ultrasonic flow probe provided consistent measurements of blood flow over a 2-week period. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results may have implications for development of treatment to promote gastrointestinal tract healing in calves with diarrhea.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1993

Projections of the guinea-pig paracervical ganglion to pelvic viscera.

The uterine cervix, urinary bladder and rectum of guinea pigs were injected with Fast Blue dye for retrograde transport studies. Dye-laden neuronal perikarya were detected for each viscus in the paracervical ganglion. These same perikarya also exhibited immunoreactivities for tyrosine hydroxylase, aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, neuropeptide Y, or vasoactive intestinal peptide, though the perikarya projecting to the urinary bladder did not exhibit immunoreactivity for aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. The results of this study indicate that the guinea-pig paracervical ganglion projects to viscera in addition to the uterus, and that the ganglion contains a range of immunoreactivities related to adrenergic and non-adrenergic neurotransmitters.

Amidines↗
PubMed1979

The basiepithelial nerve plexus of the viscera and coelom of eleutherozoan Echinodermata.

The organisation of the basiepithelial nerve plexus in the alimentary canal of a starfish and the water vascular system of a sea-urchin is described. The plexus contains varicose aminergic neurones which terminate adjacent to the ciliated epithelial cells. It is proposed that the basiepithelial plexus innervates these cells and controls ciliary beating. The distribution of the basiepithelial plexus in various tissues described by other workers is discussed particularly in relation to whether it is the coelomic epithelium or the luminal epithelium which is innervated. It is concluded that where there is both an endothelium and a coelomic epithelium only one is innervated. The muscles, where present, of the viscera are innervated by a separate nervous system. The muscles are always on the opposite side of the non-cellular connective tissue sheath to the basiepithelial plexus.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Fine afferent fibers from viscera do not terminate in the substantia gelatinosa of the thoracic spinal cord.

Transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been used to study the anatomy of the central projection of somatic and visceral afferent fibers to the thoracic spinal cord of the cat. A dense concentration of somatic afferent fibers and terminals was found in laminae I and II of the dorsal horn and more scattered terminals were present in laminae III, IV and V and in Clarke's column. In contrast, visceral afferent fibers and terminals were found only in lamina I or reaching lamina V via a small bundle of fibers located in the lateral border of the dorsal horn. These results indicate that fine afferent fibers from viscera, unlike those of cutaneous origin, do not project to the substantia gelatinosa (lamina II) of the dorsal horn.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1977

Phosphonosphingoglycolipid, a novel sphingolipid from the viscera of Turbo cornutus.

A novel lipid which contained long-chain base, fatty acid, galactose and N-methylamino-ethylphosphonic acid in an equimolar was isolated from the viscera of Turbo cornutus. The method used for the structural elucidation of this lipid were partial acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, periodate oxidation and Smith degradation. The structure of break-down products were mainly identified by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The structure of the novel lipid was determined to be 1-O-[6'-O-(N-methylaminoethyl-phosphonyl) galactopyranosyl] ceramide. Mass spectra of galactose-N-methylaminoethylphospnate and glycerol-N-methylamino-ethylphosphonate are given.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A retrograde tracer strategy using True Blue to label the preganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the abdominal viscera.

A simple and reliable method for labeling the preganglionic neurons which innervate the abdominal viscera is described. Infusion of a True Blue (TB) suspension in several different concentrations directly into the peritoneal cavity consistently labeled the medullary vagal nuclei including the dorsal motor nucleus (DMN), nucleus ambiguus (NA), and retrofacial nucleus (RFN). Quantitative analysis of cell labeling after 30 microliters infusions of a large range of concentrations of TB (0.001-20.0%) showed that: (1) as little as 0.0075 mg of TB was sufficient to label DMN cells distinctly while only 0.075 mg (or larger) doses of TB were adequate for labeling cells of the NA and the RFN, and (2) doses of 3.0 mg (or greater) labeled the maximum number of cells in the DMN, NA, and RFN. Qualitative analysis suggested that medium range doses (0.075-0.75 mg) were optimal for discerning cell size and type throughout each of these nuclei.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1976

Purification and properties of blood group A-active glycoprotein from oyster viscera.

A blood group A active substance was isolated from an acetone-dried powder of oyster viscera by extraction with 0.1 M NaCl after heating a homogenate with extraction medium, in boiling water. After the removal of the acidic fraction with cetylpyridinium chloride, the separated neutral fraction was digested successively with alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase to remove glycogen. The blood group A-active portion was eluted from a Sepharose 4B column and purified by DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. The purified active substance was homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and its molecular weight was estimated as 100 000 by sedimentation equilibrium. The sugar content of the purified active substance, expressed in percentage of dry weight, was galactosamine, 16.6; galactose, 12.5; fucose, 9.9; glucosamine, 4.6; and glucose, 3.3. Sialic acid was not detected. Total amino acid content was 23.0% and the main constituents were threonine, proline and serine. The ORD spectrum indicated that the hexosamines were N-acetylated. Absence of glycolipid was confirmed by the analysis of fatty acid and sphingosine base. This active substance had a strong blood group A activity (0.04 mug/ml) but neither B nor H activity; it interacted with lima bean lectin but not with concanavalin A.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1983

Vagal neurons and pathways to the rat's lower viscera: an electrophysiological study.

The vagal pathways to the rat's pancreas are anatomically difficult to describe. A stimulation/recording technique has been used on various segments of the vagus to trace vagal pathways to the lower viscera, and a microelectrode recording technique to locate vagal neurons of origin in the brain stem's dorsal motor nucleus (DMX). The two main pathways (right cervical vagus to dorsal celiac branch and left cervical vagus to ventral celiac branch) are supplemented by two accessory ones where each cervical vagus gives some fibers to its contralateral homologue at the diaphragmatic level. These pathways consist almost exclusively of C-fibers. Neurons of origin of the dorsal vagal trunk fibers have been identified by the collision test and occupy the caudal half of the DMX; those of the dorsal celiac branch fibers originate from the medial part of that area.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2005

Use of hydrolysates from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) viscera as a complex nitrogen source for lactic acid bacteria.

Hydrolysates of cod viscera were tested as an alternative to commonly used complex nitrogen sources (peptones and/or extracts) for the type strains of the lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus sakei and Pediococcus pentosaceus. Comparative studies with MRS-like media containing different nitrogen sources showed that all the fish hydrolysates performed equally well or better than commercial extracts/peptones for all selected lactic acid bacteria.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Persistent incompetence of the cervix in female infants with congenital abnormalities of the pelvic viscera and perineum.

Vaginal reflux during voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is a common finding in young females. Reflux of urine into the uterus, fallopian tubes, and peritoneal cavity documented by contrast studies is rare and considered abnormal. Chronic retrograde flow of urine and its contaminants through an incompetent cervical os mechanism into the peritoneal cavity may lead to peritonitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and sterility. Five females with congenital abnormalities of the pelvic viscera and perineum had reflux into the uterus, fallopian tubes, and/or peritoneal cavity during voiding studies done before or months to years after successful corrective surgery. The findings were compatible with a persistent incompetent cervical os. It appears that this group of patients is at risk for the development of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and its consequences.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1999

Pontine regulation of pelvic viscera: pharmacological target for pelvic visceral dysfunctions.

The pathophysiology and pharmacological targets of disorders of the bladder and colon have focused predominantly on the periphery. However, these viscera are regulated by the CNS, which, in turn, must integrate their functions with compatible behaviours. This review focuses on the role of the pontine micturition centre, Barrington's nucleus, as a key to this integration. Through its efferent network this pontine centre links parasympathetic preganglionic neurones with forebrain-projecting nuclei, providing an anatomical substrate for coregulation of pelvic visceral and forebrain activity. Disorders characterized by multiple pelvic visceral symptoms and comorbidity with psychiatric disorders (for example functional bowel disorders) might have their roots in dysfunctions of this circuit, which could provide a novel target for pharmacological treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Chronological study of diazinon in putrefied viscera of rats using GC/MS, GC/EC and TLC.

A qualitative and qualitative weekly study of diazinon in experimental rats after a lethal dose is described. GC/MS and TLC were used for qualitative, and GC/EC for quantitative analysis. The replicate content of diazinon in stomach and intestine (S/I) revealed a high rate of decrease during the first month. The liver (L) content fluctuates through a general trend of decrease. Immediate post-mortem content of 34.5 mg in summer and 94 in winter was found in S/L samples, while it was 0.79 and 0.63 respectively for L-samples. The respective remaining amount after 2 months was 1. 16, 4.40 (S/I), 0.61 and 0.66 mg (L). A round figure of 4% remains in S/L samples. The chronological plots indicate the possibility of detection at longer periods. Interpretation of data is outlined regarding relative contents of organs and the factors affecting persistence of diazinon in putrefied viscera.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Whole blood and plasma amino acid transfers across the portal drained viscera and liver of the pig.

Whole blood (WB) and plasma (P) amino acid transfers across the portal drained viscera and the liver were determined during 6 h of a constant p-aminohippuric acid infusion in three hourly-fed Landrace x Large-White pigs (30.5 kg, mean live weight) surgically prepared with chronically inserted catheters in a mesenteric vein (MV), the portal vein (PV), an hepatic vein (HV) and the carotid artery (CA). Plasma and WB amino acid concentrations were determined in the CA, PV and HV. The plasma/WB ratios showed no significant differences for vessels except for lysine and glutamate for which this ratio is significantly higher in the HV and in the PV for lysine. This suggests that the PV lysine and HV glutamate were preferentially transported in the plasma. In the PV, threonine, valine and alanine are transported by both plasma and red blood cells. These data show that the contribution of plasma and whole blood to amino acid transport can be different between amino acids and between individual tissues.

Alanine↗
PubMed1985

Absorption and metabolism of glucose by the mesenteric-drained viscera of sheep fed on dried-grass or ground, maize-based diets.

Sheep fitted with re-entrant canulas in the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum were used to determine the amount of alpha-glucoside entering, and apparently disappearing from, the small intestine when either dried-grass or ground maize-based diets were fed. The fate of any alpha-glucoside entering the small intestine was studied by comparing the net disappearance of such alpha-glucoside from the small intestine with the absorption of glucose into the mesenteric venous blood. Glucose absorption from the small intestine was measured in sheep equipped with catheters in the mesenteric vein and carotid artery. A continuous infusion of [6-3H]glucose was used to determine glucose utilization by the mesenteric-drained viscera and the whole-body glucose turnover rate (GTR). The amounts of alpha-glucoside entering the small intestine when the dried-grass and maize-based diets were given were 13.9 (SE 1.5) and 95.4 (SE 16.2) g/24 h respectively; apparent digestibilities of such alpha-glucoside in the small intestine were 60 and 90% respectively. The net absorption of glucose into the mesenteric venous blood was -2.03 (SE 1.20) and 19.28 (SE 0.75) mmol/h for the dried-grass and maize-based diets respectively. Similarly, total glucose absorption amounted to 1.52 (SE 1.35) and 23.33 (SE 1.86) mmol/h (equivalent to 7 and 101 g/24 h respectively). These values represented 83 and 111% of the alpha-glucoside apparently disappearing from the small intestine, determined using the re-entrant cannulated sheep. Total glucose absorption represented 8 and 61% of the whole-body GTR for the dried-grass and maize-based diets respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of anterior, posterior and total fundoplication using a viscera model.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the contribution of mechanical factors to the function of different types of fundoplication. DESIGN AND SETTING: An experimental bench-top study using abattoir-sourced pig esophagus and stomach placed on a tray. Preliminary esophageal myotomy ensured free reflux of 'intragastric fluid'. INTERVENTIONS: Anterior, posterior, and total fundoplications were performed on each of ten sets of viscera. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Lower esophageal sphincter pressure was measured using a conventional esophageal manometry catheter. Intragastric pressure was measured with a single channel intragastric manometry catheter, whilst the stomach was inflated with coloured water. The maximum intragastric pressure or the pressure measured when the fundoplication yielded to gastric distension was recorded. RESULTS: All three types of fundoplication restored adequate competence to the gastroesophageal junction, although high-volume gastric infusions resulted in fundoplication yield in 4/10 anterior and 4/10 posterior fundoplications. Gastric distension resulted in fundal dilatation and consequent compression of the adjacent esophagus. Fundoplication generated a median rise of 11-13.5 mmHg in lower esophageal sphincter pressure, comparable to pressures reported in the postoperative clinical setting. Significantly greater intragastric volumes and pressures were tolerated following total fundoplication. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that mechanical factors could be major contributors to the ability of a fundoplication to restore gastroesophageal competence. Anterior, posterior and total fundoplications are all effective procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Oxygen consumption and metabolite flux of bovine portal-drained viscera and liver.

Oxygen (O2) uptake and net metabolite flux by portal-drained viscera (PDV) and hepatic (HEP) tissues have been quantitated in vivo by measuring blood flow and arteriovenous concentration differences in cattle with chronic indwelling catheters in appropriate blood vessels. Results from use of this technique show that PDV of cattle account for 8-10% of body tissue, but 18-25% of whole animal O2 consumption. Similarly, HEP tissues account for 1-2% of body tissues, but more of whole animal O2 consumption than PDV. Glucose, volatile fatty acids (VFA), glutamate and glutamine are used as substrates by PDV; ketones, alanine and glycine are major products of PDV metabolism that are transported to HEP tissues along with absorbed VFA, ammonia, amino acids and other products of digestion. Most amino acids, L-lactate, propionate and butyrate and ammonia in blood from PDV are removed by HEP tissues, which in turn release glucose, glutamate, branched-chain amino acids, ketones, acetate and urea to peripheral blood. Net HEP flux of glucose measured by this technique is compatible with glucose requirements for lactation and other metabolism; similarly, HEP uptake of ammonia and alpha-amino N can account for 95% of HEP release of urea N. The technique is a powerful tool for quantitation of intermediary metabolism.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗