Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Ukraine”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Heterogeneity of diphtheria toxin gene, tox, and its regulatory element, dtxR, in Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains causing epidemic diphtheria in Russia and Ukraine.

Diphtheria toxin (tox) and its regulatory element (dtxR) from 72 Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated in Russia and Ukraine before and during the current diphtheria epidemic were studied by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (PCR-SSCP). Twelve sets of primers were constructed (eight for tox and four for dtxR), and three regions within tox and all four regions of dtxR showed significant variations in the number and/or sizes of the amplicons. Two to four different SSCP patterns were identified in each of the variable regions; subsequently, tox and dtxR could be classified into 6 and 12 different types, respectively. The great majority of epidemic strains from both Russia and Ukraine had tox types 3 and 4, and only in a single preepidemic strain isolated in Russia were all eight tox regions identical to those of C. diphtheriae Park-Williams No. 8 (tox type 1). Epidemic strains from Ukraine can easily be identified by dtxR type 5, while the majority of the Russian epidemic strains have dtxR of types 2 and 8. No differences in the tox regions between mitis and gravis biotype strains were observed. However, dtxR types 2, 5, and 8 were identified only in the gravis biotype, and dtxR type 1 was characteristic for the mitis biotype strains. PCR-SSCP is a simple and rapid method for the identification of variable tox and dtxR regions that allows for the clear association of tox and dtxR types with strains of distinct temporal and/or geographic origins.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1995

Paediatric clinical pharmacology in the former Soviet Union: Ukraine.

Among the many challenges facing the newly created states formed in Eastern Europe and Central Asia after the collapse of the Soviet Union is the development of medical education and health care independent of many of their former ties to Moscow, Ukraine, the largest of these states following the Russian Republic, is facing many of these challenges. Paediatric clinical pharmacology is markedly underdeveloped in the Ukraine. There is little clinical pharmacology content in undergraduate medical education and essentially none in postgraduate training. Underdevelopment of paediatric clinical pharmacology also increases difficulties faced because of lack of a domestic pharmaceutical industry. This situation compounds the difficulty of how physicians in Ukraine can best learn to choose and apply rational individualized therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

A population study of stroke in West Ukraine: incidence, stroke services, and 30-day case fatality.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: According to World Health Organization statistics, Ukraine has extremely high stroke mortality. No population-based prospective studies of stroke incidence have been performed yet in this European country with approximately 50 million inhabitants. High reported rates of stroke mortality in official statistics conflict with some locally published incidence data in Ukraine. To obtain accurate data, we evaluated stroke incidence and 30-day case fatality in a prospective population study in the West Ukrainian city of Uzhgorod with a population of 126 000 inhabitants. METHODS: Case certification by neurologists and follow-up at 30 days after stroke for all patients identified by any level of the health service system were performed for a 12-month period. RESULTS: We identified 352 stroke cases. The age-standardized incidence was 341 and 238 of 100 000 and mortality was 83 and 69 of 100 000 with the use of the European or world standard population for standardization. Mean age of stroke patients was 63.4+/-12.5 years. Rate of hospitalization was 66%. Hospitalized patients were >10 years younger than those treated in their homes. The 30-day case fatality rates were 15.4% among hospitalized patients and 36.8% among those treated at home. Overall 30-day case fatality was 23.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Stroke incidence and 30-day case fatality in this West Ukrainian city were similar to those of some West European countries and were much lower than what could be expected from World Health Organization statistics. The relatively low incidence rate seems accurate; because of the organization of local stroke services, it is not probable that a considerable proportion of patients with acute stroke could bypass all levels of the acute care health system. Local health statistics reported a much lower number of stroke cases and stroke deaths than found in our survey; thus, further study is needed to clarify the reason for the discrepancy between local data and the high reported stroke mortality in Ukraine.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Long-term care policy for the elderly in the Zaporozhye region of Ukraine: a case study of social development following the collapse of Communism.

In this paper, we review the status of social policy for the elderly in Ukraine since the fall of Communism and the breakup of the Soviet Union. We specifically address the problem of "rebuilding" an income and services policy for the at-risk elderly after the unraveling of the system that existed prior to the fall of Communism. Also, we address some existing problems faced by the elderly in the health care system. Within this context, we present a case study of the current status of long-term care policy for the elderly in one province of Ukraine, the eastern province of Zaporozhye, encompassing the industrial city of Zaporozhye on the Dnieper River. This case study particularly pays attention to current attempts to promote a social development process of long-term care services for the elderly. It examines recent developments with respect to public sector organizations and voluntary sector organizations that are trying to provide necessary services to the needy elderly. With respect to the voluntary sector, the paper pays particular attention to the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) model of a largely externally funded NGO that provides comprehensive and integrated social supports, while emphasizing local empowerment and the use of volunteers, for the needy Jewish population in the province of Zaporozhye. Based on our findings, we make some proposals regarding the improvement of income and services policy with respect to the elderly in Zaporozhye and Ukraine.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Post-Chornobyl thyroid cancers in Ukraine. Report 1: estimation of thyroid doses.

About 1.8 EBq of 131I was released into the atmosphere during the Chornobyl accident that occurred in Ukraine on April 26, 1986. More than 10% of this activity was deposited on the territory of Ukraine. Beginning 4-5 years after the accident, an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer among children, believed to be caused in part by exposure to 131I, has been observed in different regions of Ukraine. A three-level system of thyroid dose estimation was developed for the reconstruction of thyroid doses from 131I for the entire population of Ukrainian children aged 1 to 18 at the time of accident: (1) At the first level, individual doses were estimated for the approximately 99,000 children and adolescents with direct measurements of radioactivity in the thyroid (so-called direct thyroid measurements) performed in May-June of 1986; (2) at the second level, group doses by year of age and by gender were estimated for the population of 748 localities (with 208,400 children aged 1-18 in 1986) where direct thyroid measurements of good quality were performed on some of the residents; and (3) at the third level, group doses by age and by gender were estimated for the population of the localities where no thyroid measurements were made in 1986. The third-level doses were then aggregated over the population of each oblast. Data, models and procedures required for each level of thyroid dose estimation are described in the paper. At the first level, individual doses were found to range up to 27,000 mGy, with geometric and arithmetic means of 100 and 300 mGy, respectively. At the second level, group doses were found to be highest for the younger children (aged 1 to 4 years); doses for the older children (aged 16 to 18 years) were 3.5 times smaller. At the third level, average population-weighted doses were found to exceed 35 mGy in the five northern oblasts closer to the Chornobyl reactor site; to be in the 14- to 34-mGy range in seven other oblasts, Kyiv city and Crimea; and to be less than 13 mGy in all other oblasts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Post-Chernobyl thyroid cancers in Ukraine. Report 2: risk analysis.

On April 26, 1986, the worst nuclear reactor accident to date occurred at the Chornobyl (Chernobyl) power plant in Ukraine. Millions of people in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia were exposed to radioactive nuclides, especially (131)I. Since then, research has been conducted on various subgroups of the exposed population, and it has been demonstrated that the large increase in thyroid cancer is related to the (131)I exposure. However, because of study limitations, quantified risk estimates are limited, and there remains a need for additional information. We conducted an ecological study to investigate the relationship between (131)I thyroid dose and the diagnosis of thyroid cancer in three highly contaminated oblasts in Northern Ukraine. The study population is comprised of 301,907 persons who were between the ages of 1 and 18 at the time of the Chornobyl accident and were living in 1,293 rural settlements in the three study oblasts. Twenty-four percent of the study population had individual thyroid dose estimates and the other 76% had "individualized" estimates of thyroid dose based on direct thyroid measurements taken from a person of the same age and gender living in the same or nearby settlement. Cases include 232 thyroid cancers diagnosed from January 1990 through December 2001, and all were confirmed histologically. Dose-response analyses took into account differences in the rate of ultrasound examinations conducted in the three study oblasts. The estimated excess relative risk per gray was 8.0 (95% CI = 4.6-15) and the excess absolute risk per 10,000 person-year gray was estimated to be 1.5 (95% CI = 1.2-1.9). In broad terms, these estimates are compatible with results of other studies from the contaminated areas, as well as studies of external radiation exposure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Variation in mitochondrial DNA control region haplotypes in populations of the bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus, living in the Chernobyl environment, Ukraine.

Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus, specimens have been annually sampled from the radioactive Chernobyl, Ukraine, environment and nonradioactive reference sites since 1997. Exposed voles continually exhibit increased mitochondrial DNA haplotype (h) and nucleotide diversity (ND), observed in the hypervariable control region (1997-1999). Increased maternal mutation rates, source-sink relationships, or both are proposed as hypotheses for these differences. Samples from additional years (2000 and 2001) have been incorporated into this temporal study. To evaluate the hypothesis that an increased mutation rate is associated with increased h, DNA sequences were examined in a phylogenetic context for novel substitutions not observed in haplotypes from bank voles from outside Ukraine or in other species of Clethrionomys. Such novel substitutions might result from in situ mutation events and, if largely restricted to samples from radioactive environments, support an increased maternal mutation rate in these areas. The only unique substitution meeting this criterion was found in an uncontaminated reference site. All other substitutions are found in other haplotypes of the bank vole or in other species. Increased maternal mutation rates do not appear to explain trends in h and ND observed in northern Ukraine. Studies examining ecological dynamics will clarify the reasons behind, and significance of, increased levels of h in contaminated areas.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The problem of asthma in the Ukraine.

Although health statistics in Ukraine are difficult to obtain, there does appear to be an increase in the occurrence of asthma. Overall reporting of asthma is less frequent than in Western Europe, perhaps due to insufficient diagnostic capabilities at the present time. Asthma therapy in the Ukraine tends toward the use of theophylline and beta 2-agonists, rather than inhaled corticosteroids. Asthma morbidity differs in various regions of Ukraine, perhaps as a consequence of increased environmental exposure in some areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Gene pool of the population of Ukraine: Current state and new approaches to maintenance and conservation].

Defense and conservation of the Ukraine Population genofond are the most topical problem of nowadays. Stating of the criteria of population genofond status valuation, revealing all the damaging factors and applying of scientific methods of modern genetics are necessary for the development of theoretical and methodological bases of this problem. The authors try to analyze in detail negative factors causing damage in genofond of the Ukraine population, to forecast the dynamics of further development of ecological-genetic situation in the Ukraine, to analyze new approaches to the problem of genofond defense and conservation, as well as estimation of possible consequences caused by changes in population genofond.

Ecology↗
PubMed2003

Contribution to the history of the horse domestication and breeding in the Ukraine.

The Ukraine is one of the centers of domestication of animals. Many archaeological excavations and chronicles evidence this. The wild horse tarpan was domesticated in Ukraine. There were huge herds of tarpans lived in Ukraine. Tarpans were distinguished for their speed, quality of their hooves (it was very important for the shoeless horses). The last tarpan mare was killed at Ukrainian territory at 1898. In contradistinction to the Eq. Prezewalskii the tarpan was the direct ancestor of the European domesticated horse breeds.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Informative value of the specialized registers in research of leukemia in Chernobyl accident liquidators in Ukraine].

The article considers the possibility of the use of current infrastructure of specialized population registers of Ukraine to study leukemia and other systemic blood diseases revealed in Chernobyl accident liquidators. Advantage and limitation of such registers in the use are discussed in the article. Ukrainian state register of people who suffered from Chernobyl accident and Ukrainian national cancer registers are the largest population registers in the country, which cover all the territory of Ukraine and contain information on each individual and may serve as source base for epidemiological studies. To solve issues on leukemia and other oncological diseases is recommended to use in complex data of specialized registers of Ukraine. It should be also taken into account necessity of using late registered cases and verifying registered diagnoses.

Chernobyl Nuclear Accident↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of the short-stem genes in the genotypes of bread wheat cultivars in Ukraine].

Varieties of winter common wheat widely used in breeding programmes for the period of 1912-2002 in Ukraine were investigated using both the microsatellite Xgwm261 marker linked with the gibberellin-sensitive dwarf gene Rht8 and the biochemical test for the sensitivity of seedlings to gibberellic acid. Allelic characteristics of the locus Xgwm261 have been determined for 97 varieties. Near 98% of the modern varieties of winter common wheat derived from Odessa breeding institute and 50% of the varieties derived from the Mironovka wheat institute possess the allel 192 n.p. and gene Rht8 correspondingly. Estimation of sensitivity of the seedlings to gibberellic acid showed that the majority of the varieteis cultivated in Ukraine until the middle of the seventies are sensitive to gibberellic acid. The insusceptibility to gibberellic acid is predominantly manifested in the varieties derived from the south of Ukraine since the eighties owing to the introduction of the dwarf genes into the genotypes. At the same time the varieties of the Mironovka wheat institute still retain the sensitivity.

Alleles↗
PubMed1979

[Sensitivity to antibacterial preparations of the pseudotuberculosis bacteria isolated on the territory of the Ukraine].

Sensitivity of 92 strains of the causative agent of pseudotuberculosis isolated in the Ukraine was studied with respect to 26 antibacterial drugs. It was found that the strains of the pseudotuberculous bacteria were sensitive to 17 drugs, i.e. benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephaloridin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, neomycin, monomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, polymyxin, colistin, furadontin, nalidixic acid, sulfisoxazol and septrin. No differences in the sensitivity of the strains isolated in various districts of the Ukraine and from various sources were found. By their antibiotic sensitivity the strains isolated in the Ukraine did not differ from the cultures isolated in other districts of the USSR and abroad.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection in Ukraine].

The paper presents results of screening tests involving different groups of the population in the Ukraine, for antibodies to HIV, findings from epidemiologic investigation into cases with HIV-infection, with a view to outlining epidemiologic situation and assessing effectiveness of antiepidemic measures. HIV-transmission through sexual contacts is the commonest way of HIV-transportation in the Ukraine (66.1% of all cases of infection). An attempt is made of giving a short-term prognosis of epidemic situation in the Ukraine over a period of up to 1995. A conclusion is reached on the necessity of strengthening preventive measures with the view of influencing the unsafe forms of sexual behaviour.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cholera in Ukraine and Moldova during the 7th pandemic].

The epidemic manifestations of cholera in the Ukraine and Moldova in 1970-1991 are analyzed. In the Ukraine the peak of cholera morbidity in 1970 was caused by infection brought to the ports of Odessa and Kerch with its subsequent spread to other territories. This infection was characterized by outbreaks transmitted through water, mainly sea water, with the isolation of Vibrio eltor toxigenic virulent strains and outbreaks of vibrio carriership of alimentary (dairy) origin with the isolation of avirulent strains. In Moldova local outbreaks of water origin were registered in 1970-1972. In both territories prolonged (up to 16 years and even longer) circulation of cholera vibrios, mainly nontoxigenic and avirulent, were registered. The retrospective epidemiological analysis and the epidemiological situation in some regions of the Ukraine in 1991 completely confirmed the prognostic importance of the division of territories into regions according to the type of epidemiological manifestations and the necessity of differentiating the measures to be taken in the system of epidemiological surveillance.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1993

[Morphofunctional characteristics of malignant thyroid gland tumors in children from various regions of the Ukraine, who have been victims of of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident].

Thyroid cancers in children from the affected areas of Ukraine were investigated by means of light (33 cases) and electron (20 cases) microscopy. Statistical data from 25 regions of Ukraine have been analyzed concerning thyroid cancer in patients aged up to 18 years for the period 1981-1990. There is an increase in the number of thyroid cancers in the children of Ukraine from 0.04-0.06 cases in the "pre-chernobyl" period to 0.23 cases per 10(5) children's population in 1990. In the children operated in the Clinic of the Institute of Endocrinology in 1990-1991, severe forms of thyroid lesions with metastases to the lymph nodes were noted. Histopathological studies show prevalence of different variants of papillary cancer with presence of follicular, solid, poorly differentiated areas. Ultrastructural analysis revealed polymorphism of tumour cells, various degrees of their differentiation and functional specialization that point to a mixed multicomponent nature of carcinomas.

Accidents↗
PubMed1996

Epidemiological survey of the medical consequences of the Chernobyl accident in Ukraine.

The characteristics of the contamination resulting from the Chernobyl accident are defined, as a basis for epidemiological investigations. Due to loss of integrity of the nuclear fuel and thermal buoyancy from fire and nuclear heating, a large quantity of radioisotopes were released over a period of up to 16 days. The areas affected were very large, 37 million hectares in Ukraine alone. About 5 million persons were affected in one way or another, over 2 million of them in Ukraine. For registration and follow-up of health consequences from the accident, 4 main groups were distinguished, namely: (1) the participants in the containment of the accident and its cleanup ("liquidators"); (2) evacuees; (3) residents of contaminated areas; and (4) children born to parents with significant radiation exposure. Registration and epidemiological follow-up in the former USSR and the three republics afterwards are presented with an emphasis on Ukraine. Considering the long incubation times for some of the expected illnesses and relatively low average doses, the difficulties of confirming significant effects become evident. For example leucosis morbidity among cleanup personnel within a 30 km zone around the accident was 3.4 per 100,000 before the accident and 7 per 100,000 afterwards. The question of the statistical significance of such numbers is discussed by the authors, in the context of confounding factors. For some of the observed effects it has already been established that stress and anxiety caused by the accident and living conditions in the affected areas are the principal cause rather than radiation. According to the authors, more detailed retrospective and prospective epidemiological studies are needed in the future, in order to clarify the causes of observed health effects.

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Detoxicating function of the placenta of childbearing women from ecologically unfavorable regions of the Ukraine].

A study of placental detoxifying activity was undertaken using as the investigated indices glutathione transferase and glutathione reductase activities and total amount of SH-groups and those of low-molecular weight thiols. Malonic dialdehyde content was used as a measure of lipid peroxidation. The placental samples were obtained in several regions of the Ukraine judged either "clean", chemically polluted or radioactively contaminated. In the samples from the "clean" region glutathione transferase and glutathione reductase activities as well as the total amount of SH-groups were higher than corresponding indices in ecologically unfavorable regions of the Ukraine. At radioactively heavily exposed women low glutathoione transferase activity combined with low content of SH-groups and pronounced increase of malonic dialdehyde. In the regions with the lower summary effective equivalent annual expositional doses the indices of placental glutathione status are more close to those characteristic for placenta from "clean" regions. The consequences of the more intensive but short exposure characteristic for the women evacuated from Pripyat on the second day after catastrophe were less manifest in the indices of the glutathione status. A decrease of glutathione transferase activity at chemically exposed women was in the range of the lowest values obtained for heavily radioactively exposed ones but differ by higher content of total SH-groups and low molecular weight thiols. The glutathione transferase activity of cytosol from the samples of chemically exposed women increased in vitro after their treatment with the reducing agent. More probable the different mechanisms underlie the similar reduce of glutahtione transferase activity in radioactively contaminated and chemically polluted regions of the Ukraine. The decreased activity of glutathione transferase activity in placenta correlated with the increased frequency of complications during the pregnancy and the delivery and with the worsening status of newborns.

Female↗