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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Dental air turbine handpiece performance testing.

Air turbine handpieces are expected to continue to be widely used as the main means of carrying out dental cutting work and scope exists for further design improvements. An understanding of the theoretical principles governing the performance of these devices seems essential for the systematic development of better handpiece designs and methods of specification. Furthermore, for experimental work on cutting behaviour with air turbine equipment, this knowledge is required for appropriate characterization of the performance of the particular handpiece used with respect to actual rates of energy disposition. The literature relating to air turbine handpiece performance is critically reviewed to assess currently available methods of measuring important variables such as speed, torque, and power. In this, consideration is given to the current state of knowledge of the influence on these variables of air pressure, flow and turbine design features. It is apparent that, although various measurement methods have been described and data for individual handpieces published, no attempt has yet been made to explore the functional relationships that exist between the variables. It is concluded that there is a need to identify the factors influencing turbine performance, to develop measurement systems which would provide adequate accuracy and precision and then to investigate the functional relationships between these relevant variables.

Air↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of cavity preparation quality using an electric motor handpiece and an air turbine dental handpiece.

BACKGROUND: The high-speed high-torque (electric motor) handpiece is becoming more popular in dental offices and laboratories in the United States. It is reported to cut more precisely and to assist in the creation of finer margins that enhance cavity preparations. The authors conducted an in vitro study to compare the quality of cavity preparations fabricated with a high-speed high-torque (electric motor) handpiece and a high-speed low-torque (air turbine) handpiece. METHODS: Eighty-six dental students each cut two Class I preparations, one with an air turbine handpiece and the other with an electric motor high-speed handpiece. The authors asked the students to cut each preparation accurately to a circular outline and to establish a flat pulpal floor with 1.5 millimeters' depth, 90-degree exit angles, parallel vertical walls and sharp internal line angles, as well as to refine the preparation to achieve flat, smooth walls with a well-defined cavosurface margin. A single faculty member scored the preparations for criteria and refinement using a nine-point scale (range, 1-9). The authors analyzed the data statistically using paired t tests. RESULTS: In preparation criteria, the electric motor high-speed handpiece had a higher average grade than did the air turbine handpiece (5.07 and 4.90, respectively). For refinement, the average grade for the air turbine high-speed handpiece was greater than that for the electric motor high-speed handpiece (5.72 and 5.52, respectively). The differences were not statistically significant. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The electric motor high-speed handpiece performed as well as, but not better than, the air turbine handpiece in the fabrication of high-quality cavity preparations.

Air↗
PubMed2002

[The expression of intercellular adhesion molecules in inferior turbinate mucosa of allergic rhinitis and its significance].

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of intercellular adhesion molecules in turbinate mucosa of allergic rhinitis and its significance. METHOD: Samples of turbinate mucosa were from 20 cases of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, 24 cases of non provocation period allergic rhinitis and 20 cases of provocation period allergic rhinitis and their paraffin sections were studied with immunohistochemical technique staining with ICAM 1 and LFA 1 monoclone antibodies. RESULT: Expression of ICAM 1 and LFA 1 were higher in turbinate mucosa of provocation period allergic rhinitis than in chronic hypertrophic rhinitis and non provocation period allergic rhinitis turbinate mucosa(P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: High expression of ICAM 1 and LFA 1 in turbinate mucosa of allergic rhinitis shows that the interaction of ICAM-1/LFA-1 may participate in the inflammatory reaction of allergic rhinitis and may play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of allergic rhinitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Influence of number of dental autoclave treatment cycles on rotational performance of commercially available air-turbine handpieces.

The influence of number of autoclave treatment cycles (N) on rotational speed and total indicated run-out of commercially available air-turbine handpieces from five manufacturers was investigated at N=0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 cycles, and the significance in the test results was assessed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test. Some air-turbine handpieces showed the significant differences in rotational speed at N=300 cycles, however, the decreases of the rotational speeds were only 1 to 3.5 percent. Some air-turbine handpieces showed the significant differences in total indicated run-out, however, the respective values were smaller than that at N=0 cycle. Accordingly, it can be considered that the ball bearing in the air-turbine handpieces is not affected significantly by autoclave. To further evaluate rotational performance, this study focused on the rotational vibration of the ball bearing components of the air-turbine, as measured by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis; the power spectra of frequency of the ball's revolution, frequency of the cage's rotation and frequency of the ball's rotation were comparatively investigated at N=0, 150 and 300 cycles, and the influence of autoclave was evaluated qualitatively. No abnormalities in the ball bearings were recognized.

Ceramics↗
PubMed1979

[Comparative measurements of standard drills and turbines].

Standard electric micromotors as well as accessory handpieces and right-angle handpieces were subjected to technical tests. Turbines with and without traction power (bearing power) were also studied. The rotational speed could be regulated on one turbine. Normal to high rotational speeds were obtained with electric micromotors when used in conjunction with the transferance attachment. The motors functioned well in terms of the linearity of rotational speed. The study of the rotational speed, regulation of rotational speed, and traction power of the turbines showed that the rotational speed and the possibility of so-called contact grinding of the turbine is equal to that of micromotors. In terms of grinding trauma to the pulp and gingiva, the indications shifted in favor of the turbine.

Dental Equipment↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Suitability of a new turbine spirometer for epidemiological surveys in children.

The performance of a new turbine spirometer, which has several advantages over equipment previously used to measure lung function, was compared with that of a conventional spirometer (Vitalograph) in a cross-over trial on 368 children six to 11 years old. On average, slightly higher values of forced expiratory volume at 0.75 s and forced vital capacity were recorded on the turbine spirometer. These differences occurred mainly in children aged less than eight years. Assuming the Vitalograph remained accurate, there appeared to be a slight tendency for readings on the turbine spirometer to drift downwards at a rate of 0.04 1 per 100 children measured but this was not statistically significant (p greater than 0.10). In conclusion, the machines differed mainly in the youngest age group. Until a recording of the complete expiration curve can be made using the turbine spirometer, it is not possible to assess whether this effect of age arose because of errors in the breath manoeuvre by younger children undetectable in the turbine spirometer or because the simpler design of the spirometer makes it easier than the Vitalograph for young children to use it correctly.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

Different swelling mechanisms in nasal septum (Kiesselbach area) and inferior turbinate responses to histamine: an optical rhinometric study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the inferior turbinate, which contains swelling bodies, and the nasal septum (Kiesselbach area), characterized by a dense arterial mesh, exhibit different swelling mechanisms in allergic nasal reactions. DESIGN: Two optical rhinometers were used to examine 11 patients in the clinic. Optical rhinometry is based on the transillumination of the nasal septum and inferior turbinate or the whole nose with monochromatic light. The instrument's wavelength can be adjusted to the absorption characteristics of reduced hemoglobin, oxygen-saturated hemoglobin, and water. SETTING: Outpatient university otolaryngology clinic. PATIENTS: Eleven young, healthy, nonsmoking, nonpregnant subjects (6 men and 5 women), mean age, 32.4 years (age range, 27-37 years), with no history of exposure to toxic substances, allergies, or other significant diseases. INTERVENTIONS: Optic rhinometry evaluation during the course of nasal histamine administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Light extinction at various wavelengths. RESULTS: Following administration of histamine, in the nasal septum, the wavelength of 950 nm (edema) showed the strongest increase of light extinction; in the inferior turbinate, it was the wavelength of 786 nm (oxygenated hemoglobin). In the whole nose, the wavelength of 880 nm (edema plus hemoglobin) exhibited the largest increase of extinction. CONCLUSIONS: Swelling of the nasal septum (Kiesselbach area) in nasal allergic reactions is caused mainly by edema, whereas swelling of the inferior turbinate is due mainly to an increase in volume of blood that is highly saturated with oxygen. Swelling of the whole nose is characterized by the combination of both, edema and increase in blood volume.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Carbon dioxide laser turbinate surgery for chronic obstructive rhinitis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The argon laser was first used to treat chronic obstructive rhinitis. Several other surgical lasers were later used to perform inferior turbinotomy. What is the ideal laser for turbinate surgery? STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: CO(2) laser with its longer wavelength (10.6 micrometer) scatters less on tissues, is less harmful than the other surgical lasers, minimizes local edema with very little damage to the nearby mucosa, and achieves excellent haemostasis. But CO(2) laser energy delivered through a fiberoptic cable is partially absorbed by the transmitting fiber. CO(2) laser delivered through surgical microscope obviates this problem, and a special self-retaining nasal speculum allows the surgeon to have both hands free to more easily perform inferior laser turbinotomy, creating a deep groove along the turbinate body. RESULTS: The laser vaporized tissues formed scar tissue, reduced turbinate bulk, restored nasal flow, and improved other symptoms: rhinorrhoea, sneezing, headache with a statistically significant reduction in total nasal airway resistance (NAR), P < 0.005, at 2 year follow-up. CONCLUSION: The CO(2) laser delivered through surgical microscope with the help of a self-retaining nasal speculum can be deemed a useful laser for turbinate surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Inferior turbinate reduction in children using Holmium YAG laser-a clinical and histological study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of inferior turbinate reduction in children using Holmium:YAG (Ho:Yag) laser and diathermy. Histological effects of these treatments on turbinate tissue are also studied. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review and structured telephone interview of paediatric cases treated with Ho:Yag laser and diathermy to inferior turbinates. The complications, morbidity and efficacy were quantified. Histological sections of inferior turbinates treated with diathermy (surface and submucosal) and laser were compared. RESULTS: Efficacy in the laser (n = 8) and diathermy group (n = 11) was similar. The complication/morbidity score was lower in the laser group, 1.92 versus 3.48, (P = 0.04, CI: 0.01, 2). Long-term benefit was 50 and 36% in the laser and diathermy group respectively. Histology showed very limited tissue damage in all methods of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Ho:Yag laser treatment is equally efficacious, but causes less complications and morbidity compared to surface diathermy. Both treatment methods have poor long-term efficacy, which may be related to limited tissue damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Treatment of the hypertrophic inferior turbinate. 1].

Chronic nasal obstruction is a common disorder, mostly caused by hypertrophied inferior turbinates. If there is inadequate response to conservative medical management, the inferior turbinates should be reduced. The choice of treatment is mainly influenced by whether the nasal airway obstruction is due to hypertrophic mucosa or to an enlarged turbinate bone. The first part of this review describes the various surgical modalities for treatment of swelling of the turbinal mucosa. The indications, advantages, disadvantages, complications, and controversies of each modality (submucous diathermy, cryosurgery, infra-red coagulation, argon-plasma coagulation, radiofrequency, laser surgical techniques) are reviewed and discussed.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2005

Infected inferior turbinate pneumatization.

With the widespread utilization of endoscopic nasal surgery, the interest in nasal structures has increased. Inferior turbinate pneumatization is among the most rare causes of nasal obstruction. In the current literature, there are only ten reported cases of inferior turbinate pneumatization. A 52-year-old male patient presented with nasal obstruction, purulent nasal discharge, facial pain and headache. Anterior rhinoscopic examination showed bilateral middle and inferior turbinate hypertrophy and edema of the nasal mucosa. Computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral frontal, anterior and posterior ethmoidal and maxillary sinusitis with bilateral concha media bullosa and right infected inferior turbinate pneumatization. In this report, infection of this rare anatomical abnormality is presented for the first time and documented with acoustic rhinometry, CT and peroperative photography.

Air↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolated turbinitis and pneumatization of the concha inferior in a child.

Concha bullosa of the inferior turbinate is an extremely rare anatomic malformation with 11 reports of this condition in the literature. The inferior turbinate is an independent bone originating from the lateral nasal wall. Although inferior concha bullosa is generally asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally by computed tomography, nasal obstruction, headache, and epiphora are some of the possible symptoms. Isolated turbinitis with no additional paranasal infection is also very rare. Although there is only 1 reported case of pediatric inferior concha bullosa before, this case is the first pneumatized inferior concha with associated isolated turbinitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Superior turbinate osteoma: a case report.

Turbinate osteoma is very rare and only three middle turbinate cases have been previously reported in the literature. A case of superior turbinate osteoma has never been reported before. This is a report of a 61-year-old female presenting superior turbinate osteoma with headaches. The osteoma was resected by endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and the patient was relieved of headaches.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

Development of rhinovirus study model using organ culture of turbinate mucosa.

To better understand the pathophysiology of rhinovirus (RV) infection, a development of a study model using organ culture of turbinate mucosa was sought. Inferior turbinate mucosal tissues were cultured using air-liquid interface methods, on a support of gelfoam soaked in culture media. RV-16 was applied to the mucosal surface and washed off, and histological changes were evaluated. The success of RV infection was assayed by semi-nested RT-PCR of the mucosal surface fluid taken 48h after incubation. Intracellular RVs were visualized by in situ hybridization (ISH). Secretion of the cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8, into the culture media was quantitated by ELISA. After 7 days of culture, the turbinate mucosae did not show significant damage. A PCR product indicating successful RV infection was detected in 5 out of 10 mucosal tissues. ISH showed a very small number of positively stained cells focally located in the epithelial layer. In the beginning 24h after infection, secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 into the culture media of infected mucosae was significantly greater than into the media of control mucosae. Our results indicate that the air-liquid interface organ culture of turbinate mucosa could serve as an acceptable in vitro model for studying RV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Use of the superior meatus and superior turbinate in the endoscopic approach to the sphenoid sinus.

Endoscopic surgery of the posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses can present the operator with a considerable challenge. Although endoscopic training and physician experience have increased significantly in the past decade, surgical complications such as optic nerve trauma and cerebrospinal fluid leak still occur. Surgeons reporting such complications cite a lack of orientation within the dissection field as a primary cause. Because endoscopic sinus surgery is now being performed more routinely, surgical strategies designed to reduce the risk of complications are more important than ever. An anatomic landmark that could reliably orient the dissection within the posterior ethmoids and guide the surgeon to the sphenoid sinus could reduce the possibility of such adverse outcomes. In our experience identification of the superior meatus and superior turbinate provides a reliable landmark within the dissection field that can ensure surgical orientation to the operator. This technique allows safe, reliable dissection of the posterior ethmoids and an efficient approach to the sphenoid sinus, especially in patients undergoing revision surgery. In this article our technique for the identification and definition of the superior meatus and superior turbinate is presented, and the advantages of using this landmark in sinus surgery are discussed. In our experience identification of the superior meatus, superior turbinate, posterior skull base, and medial orbital wall defines a parallelogram-shaped box, which delineates the sphenoid face. This box provides the necessary orientation to guide the surgeon's entrance into the sphenoid sinus through the posterior ethmoid sinus (as Messerklinger described). Techniques for identifying the superior turbinate and meatus and for entering the sphenoid are detailed.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Argon plasma coagulation in the treatment of nonallergic hypertrophic inferior nasal turbinates.

PURPOSE: Various surgical procedures have been recently proposed for the treatment of hypertrophic inferior nasal turbinates as a result of the advances made in medical technology and growing public demand for minimally invasive therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the argon plasma coagulation technique for inferior turbinate reduction in a homogeneous series of patients with nonallergic inferior turbinate hypertrophy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty symptomatic patients underwent argon plasma coagulation surgical treatment under local anesthesia and were clinically followed up after 1 month and then every 3 months (anterior rhinoscopy and nasal endoscopy). Diagnostic evaluations using active anterior rhinomanometry were made after 3 and 12 months. RESULTS: All of the patients reported a postoperative improvement in nasal swelling and patency. No postoperative complications were observed. Rhinomanometry after 12 months showed a reduction in mean total resistance from the pretreatment level of 1.06 Pa s/cm(3) to 0.49 Pa s/cm(3). There was also a statistically significant reduction in nasal resistance for each of the investigated conditions (inspiration and expiration in orthostatism and clinostatism). CONCLUSIONS: Argon plasma coagulation is a safe and efficacious procedure for the minimally invasive treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy, which can be performed under local anesthesia in an outpatient setting with little discomfort for the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Cryosurgery of the inferior nasal turbinates.

Forty-seven patients with irreversible nasal obstruction due to inferior turbinate hypertrophy were treated by cryosurgery, the short and medium term results having been clinically evaluated. Permanent good results in nasal breathing were achieved in 83% of the patients. Failures are mostly related to turbinates hypertrophy due to nasal allergy. The combination of cryosurgery and nasal septoplasty, in cases of hypertrophy associated with deformities of nasal septum, gives an excellent result. Cryosurgery of hypertrophic nasal turbinates is a simple, safe, and reliable procedure to improve nasal breathing in cases of nasal turbinate hypertrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Septoplasty and compensatory inferior turbinate hypertrophy: a randomized study evaluated by acoustic rhinometry.

The present study deals with the indication for inferior turbinate surgery in cases of concomitant anterior septal deviation. We define, by acoustic rhinometry, the characteristics of the obstructed nose and define mucosal turbinate hypertrophy. A random sample of 80 patients with nasal obstruction and anteriorly located septal deviation were objectively evaluated by acoustic rhinometry pre- and post-operatively. All had septoplasty and half were randomly selected to have anterior inferior turbinoplasty performed in the side opposite to the major septal deviation. Severe septal deviation, expressed by a minimal cross-sectional area less than 0.4 cm2 was present in 37 patients. In this group inferior turbinate reduction seems advisable. In the wide side, the minimal cross-sectional area and the cross-sectional areas at 3.3 and 4.0 cm from the nostrils increased in the turbinectomy group and decreased in the non-turbinectomy group after correction of the septal deviation. In the group with less pronounced septal deviation no influence of turbinate reduction could be detected.

Adolescent↗