Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Trypan Blue”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Monocyte cytotoxicity: evidence for multiple mechanisms of in vitro erythrocyte target killing. Trypan blue can both inhibit and enhance target lysis.

Four systems of human monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against chicken erythrocyte targets were studied using a panel of cellular inhibitors. Monocyte synergistic cytotoxicity (MSC), spontaneous monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (SMMC), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and mitogen-induced cellular cytotoxicity (MICC) each had a different pattern of inhibition with these agents. Monocyte synergistic cytotoxicity, a system in which monocytes and certain complement components cooperate in the lysis of target cells, was inhibited only by trypan blue, a known inhibitor of lysosomal enzymes and macrophage cytolysis of tumor cells. In marked contrast, spontaneous monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, a system in which monocytes become spontaneously cytotoxic after a 5- to 10-day incubation in culture, was enhanced by trypan blue, whereas MICC and ADCC were not affected. Agents which deplete cellular hydrogen peroxide and superoxide were most inhibitory for SMMC and had no effect on ADCC, MICC, and MSC. Inhibitors of protein synthesis only blocked MICC, having no effect on the other systems. These data support the hypothesis that monocytes possess multiple mechanisms by which they may inflict damage on erythroid targets, which may depend on oxidative intermediates (SMMC), protein synthesis (MICC), microfilament function (SMMC, MICC, ADCC), in addition to other mechanisms which have not yet been clearly defined (MSC). Trypan blue can thus both inhibit and enhance different forms of monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. Further studies with this agent revealed that preincubation of cells with trypan blue depleted the ability of the cells to kill by SMMC but not by ADCC or MICC. Such studies suggest that trypan blue, like certain other compounds, has more than one mechanism of action on cellular processes important for the mediation of cytotoxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Changes in haematocrit after treatment of uncomplicated canine babesiosis: a comparison between diminazene and trypan blue, and an evaluation of the influence of parasitaemia.

It has been suggested that the antibabesial drug diminazene causes a rapid decline in haematocrit after treatment of dogs with high Babesia canis parasitaemias, compared with trypan blue. To test this, 19 dogs with clinically mild to moderate, uncomplicated babesiosis were placed in low, moderate or high parasitaemia groups, based on venous parasitaemias, and were allotted randomly to diminazene or trypan blue treatment groups. Haematocrit and parasitaemia were determined before treatment, and at 2, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. The drugs were compared for effects on haematocrit and parasite clearance. Changes in haematocrit after treatment were analysed. There were no significant differences between diminazene and trypan blue for haematocrit or parasite clearance. There was no correlation between initial parasitaemia and initial or post-treatment haematocrit. In all dogs, haematocrit fell following treatment. The maximum mean reduction from the baseline (0 h) was 0.046 l/l (range 0.02-0.07 l/l); this most often occurred at 6 or 12 h. The 24 h haematocrit ranged from 70.5-113.6% of baseline (mean absolute haematocrit 0.019 l/l below baseline). All dogs improved clinically during the study period. It was concluded that either diminazene or trypan blue can be safely used to treat dogs with clinically mild or moderate, uncomplicated babesiosis. Parasitaemia need not be taken into account when deciding which antibabesial drug to administer and does not appear to be related to the degree of anaemia.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

[A study on the viability of corneal endothelium in rabbit by dual staining with trypan blue and alizanin red S].

PURPOSE: We study the viability of preserved rabbit corneal endothelium by dual staining with trypan blue and alizanin red S. METHOD: We randomly divided New Zealand white rabbit eyes into four groups, each with 5 eyes. The eye balls were preserved in moist chambers with aqueous remorad and C3F8 temponade for 5, 7, 10 and 14 days. Then we got the corneal Bottons with sclera ring. Isolated corneas were placed with the endothelial side up in a corneal cup, and trypan blue (0.25%) was added drop-wise to cover the endothelium. After 1.5 minutes the stain was poured out. The endothelial layer was then covered with aliznin red S (0.2%) for 1.5 minutes and pouring away the staining reagent. After staining, the corneas were immensec in glutaraldehyde fixative solution for 10 minutes. Finally, the endothelium was examinated and taken photoes with light microscope. RESULTS: Changed cells that have become permeable to trypan blue show deep blue staining of their nuclei in contrast to the unstained condition of normal cells. All the intercellular borders of endothelial cells were purple. The survival rate of the endothelium preserved for 5 and 7 day is more than 95%, for 10 days is 75-80%, and for 14 days about 70%. CONCLUSION: This technique allows a proportion cout of damaged and undamaged cells in the endothelial monolayer, makes it possible to observe their structures clearly and gives advantage to take pathelage photos.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Visualization of conjunctival cyst using Healon V and trypan blue.

PURPOSE: To report a new modified method using the mixture of an ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (Healon V) and trypan blue solution to facilitate complete removal of a conjunctival cyst. METHOD: A 54-year-old woman was referred to us for removal of a conjunctival cyst in her right eye. To achieve a complete removal of the conjunctival cyst, a mixture of Healon V and trypan blue solution was injected through a 27-gauge needle into the cyst. RESULTS: This new technique achieved excellent visualization with an easy and complete resection of the cyst. CONCLUSIONS: The mixture of Healon V and trypan blue is effective in delineating the capsule while preserving its integrity during removal. Such a technique may also have a role in facilitating visualization and excision of other cystic conjunctival lesions.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed2001

Anterior capsular staining with trypan blue for capsulorhexis in mature and hypermature cataracts. A preliminary study.

PURPOSE: To study the efficacy and safety of 0.1% Trypan Blue dye to stain the anterior capsule for capsulorhexis in mature and hypermature cataracts. METHODS: This preliminary study included 25 eyes of 25 patients with a unilateral mature or hypermature cataract, including one case of traumatic mature cataract. In all these cases 0.2 ml of 0.1% trypan blue dye was used to stain the anterior capsule. The efficacy and safety of the dye was evaluated on the basis of intraoperative and postoperative observations. RESULTS: In all 25 eyes the capsulorhexis was completed. There was peripheral extension of the capsulorhexis in the eye with traumatic cataract and the stained edge of the anterior capsule helped identification and redirection of the capsulorhexis. Successful phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation was performed in all eyes. Adverse reactions related to the dye such as raised intraocular pressure, anterior chamber inflammation and endothelial damage were not observed in the immediate postoperative period or at the end of mean follow-up of 3 months. CONCLUSION: Trypan blue dye staining of the anterior capsule appears to be a very useful and safe technique that simplifies capsulorhexis in mature and hypermature cataracts.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Trypan blue as an adjunct for safe phacoemulsification in eyes with white cataract.

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility, risks, and postoperative outcomes of phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation in cases of white cataract with the use of trypan blue as an adjunct for performing continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) in the absence of a red reflex. SETTING: Dr. Agarwal's Eye Hospital, Chennai, India. METHODS: This prospective study comprised 52 eyes of 52 patients with white cataract that had phacoemulsification through a clear corneal temporal incision with PC IOL implantation. In all the cases, trypan blue was used under air to stain the anterior lens capsule and the karate-chop technique was used to emulsify the nucleus. The mean follow-up was 192.2 days. RESULTS: Trypan blue adequately stained the anterior lens capsule in all cases. The CCC was completed uneventfully in 96.15% eyes; 3.85% of cases had to be converted to a conventional extraction technique because of the loss of the CCC. The mean phacoemulsification time was 2.2 minutes. Intraocular complications included incomplete capsulorhexis (3.85%) and pupillary miosis (3.80%). Postoperatively, 3 eyes (5.77%) had corneal edema (striate keratopathy) and 1 eye (1.9%) had fibrin in the anterior chamber. Five eyes (9.61%) had more than 2+ cells and flare at 2 weeks. All responded well to intensive topical and subconjunctival steroids. There were no cases of endophthalmitis. The mean central endothelial cell loss, measured in 37 eyes, was 8.5%. Of the 4 eyes (7.69%) that had increased intraocular pressure (IOP) postoperatively, all responded well to medications and the IOP was normal by the second postoperative week. Fifty eyes (96.16%) had a final best corrected visual acuity of 20/30 or better. In 2 cases, the final visual acuity was worse than 20/200 because of preexisting posterior segment pathology. CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification using trypan blue was safe and effective in managing white cataract and had a high success rate.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Per operative trypan blue vital staining of corneal endothelium. Eight years' follow up.

An 0.1% aqueous trypan blue solution was injected into the anterior chamber during cataract extraction for the purpose of disclosing endothelial cell damage if present. Follow-up examination of 24 patients after eight years revealed no side-effects of trypan blue, as judged by corneal opacities, compared with non-vital-stained aphakic and non-operated control eyes.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

A microtiter trypan blue absorbance assay for the quantitative determination of excitotoxic neuronal injury in cell culture.

An automated method for the determination of neuronal cell death using trypan blue is described. Following various excitotoxic insults, murine mixed cortical cell cultures are stained with trypan blue (0.05%; 15 min), followed by SDS (1%) lysis. The absorbance of the dye is measured spectrophotometrically at 590 nm using a microtiter plate reader. When compared to the biochemical lactate dehydrogenase assay, no statistical difference in the calculated levels of excitotoxic neuronal cell death was noted between the assays in any given paradigm. This method is fast and reliable. It eliminates the need for cell counting, thus allowing for high volume sample analysis with a minimum of sample error. Utility of this trypan blue absorbance spectrophotometric assay is likely to extend beyond the study of excitotoxic neuronal injury and should complement existing methods for measuring neuronal viability and cytotoxicity in cell culture.

Absorption↗
PubMed1994

An artifact associated with using trypan blue exclusion to measure effects of amyloid beta on neuron viability.

It is important to apply an appropriate test for determining cell viability, in order to properly evaluate the role of the amyloid beta protein in neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. In the current paper, we present evidence that the putative neurotoxic fragment 25-35 of amyloid beta causes loss of trypan blue exclusion in differentiated mouse neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells which suggests a potential neurotoxic effect. Surprisingly, no parallel changes in apparent cell viability were observed when fluorescein diacetate staining or release of lactate dehydrogenase were measured. Positive staining with trypan blue was also induced by incubating cell membranes prepared from N1E-115 cells or rat hippocampus with amyloid beta 25-35. Our results indicate that amyloid beta might induce trypan blue adsorption on the cell membrane. Therefore, caution should be taken when trypan blue exclusion is used in studies of the potential neurotoxicity of amyloid beta peptides.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1983

A fluorescence quenching technique using trypan blue to differentiate between attached and ingested glutaraldehyde-fixed red blood cells in phagocytosing murine macrophages.

A fluorescence quenching method, using trypan blue, is described for quantifying the ingestion of either glutaraldehyde-fixed sheep red blood cells or antibody coated glutaraldehyde-fixed sheep red blood cells by murine peritoneal macrophages. This method is based on the observations that glutaraldehyde-fixed red blood cells fluoresce at about 585 nm when excited at 490 nm and that when trypan blue is in intimate contact with fixed red blood cells, the fluorescence is converted from a chartreuse to a red color. Thus, the ingestion of fixed erythrocytes by murine macrophages can be monitored by fluorescence microscopy after the addition of 1 mg/ml of trypan blue at the end of the assay. Extracellular glutaraldehyde-fixed red blood cells fluoresce a red color whereas the intracellular particles continue to fluoresce a chartreuse color. This method offers a simple and convenient technique for rapidly distinguishing between intracellular and extracellular glutaraldehyde-fixed red blood cells in macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Strain differences in teratogenic susceptibility to trypan blue between WM and BDIX rat strains.

Female rats of WM (Wistar-Mishima)/Nem strain were mated with WM/Nem (group W) or BDIX/Nem males (group WB), and BDIX/Nem females were mated with BDIX/Nem (group B) or WM/Nem males (group BW). On day 8 of gestation, pregnant females were treated intraperitoneally with 1% aqueous solution of trypan blue at a dose of between 20 and 120 mg/kg of body weight. On day 20 of gestation, fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal malformations. In group W, fetal mortality increased dose dependently at doses higher than 20 mg/kg, and incidences of external, visceral, and skeletal malformations were significantly higher than control at doses of 30 mg/kg and more. In group B, fetal mortality and the incidence of external malformations were significantly higher than control only in the group treated with 120 mg/kg, and no significant increase of visceral and skeletal malformations was shown. It was confirmed that BDIX strain is much more resistant to trypan blue teratogenicity than WM strain. In group BW, nearly the same teratogenic effects were shown as in group W in terms of fetal mortality and incidence of malformations. However, in group WB, teratogenic effects were not so remarkable as in group BW, suggesting patroclinous effects in teratogenic susceptibility to trypan blue. In group BW, sex differences in teratogenic susceptibility were found; male fetuses were more susceptible to trypan blue than females.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Safety of trypan blue 1% and indocyanine green 0.5% in assisting visualization of anterior capsule during phacoemulsification in mature cataract.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety of trypan blue 1% and indocyanine green (ICG) 0.5% in assisting visualization of anterior capsule during phacoemulsification in mature cataract. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China. METHODS: This prospective randomized clinical trial comprised 46 eyes with mature cataract receiving phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. They were randomized into 3 groups (trypan blue, ICG, and control without stain). Visual acuity, endothelial cell count, corneal clarity, anterior chamber reaction, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were documented before surgery and 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. The absolute phaco time was also recorded. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in absolute phaco time (P=.17), mean endothelial cell loss (P=.72 at 1 week, P=.43 at 1 month, and P=.60 at 3 months) and no significant correlation between the absolute phaco time and the change in endothelial cell count (P=.50 at 1 week, P=.10 at 1 month, and P=.60 at 3 months) in the 3 groups. None of the patients had postoperative IOP greater than 21 mm Hg. All eyes had clear corneas and a quiet anterior chamber 3 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: Both trypan blue 1% and ICG 0.5% are safe for assisting visualization of the anterior capsule during phacoemulsification of mature cataract.

Capsulorhexis↗
PubMed1977

Combined staining of corneal endothelium by alizarine red and trypane blue.

Combined staining by alizarine red and trypane blue is an easy and reliable method for in vitro visualization of corneal endothelial nuclei, cellular borders and uncovered parts of the membrane of Descemet. A stained full thickness wet mount can be prepared in less than five min. The staining method and preliminary findings concerning endothelial morphology in the centre and in the periphery of normal corneas are presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Permeability in atherosclerosis: fluorescence test in green light with trypan blue.

A new microscopic fluorescence method for trypan blue at 570 nm has been used to follow the entry of albumin into the atheromatous rabbit aorta. Permeability into the inner aortic wall increases before the onset of gross lesions and seems just to precede intraendothelial deposition of lipid. Thereafter, permeability of the inner wall progressively increases until streaks or small plaques develop. These raised lesions stain and fluoresce variably, some intensely so while others are almost unreactive. This variability might reflect the difference between progressive and quiescent lesions. However, a zone of increased permeability surrounds many raised lesions, suggesting that the edge is a major site of growth and progression.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Disruption of normal forelimb regeneration in adult Notophthalmus viridescens by sublethal concentrations of trypan blue.

The effects of the vital dye trypan blue (TpB) on the regeneration of amputated newt forelimbs were examined. Administration of the dye (10 mug/g body weight) via IP injection during the early wound healing and dedifferentiation phases of regeneration inhibited the normal regenerative response. The accumulation phases of regeneration are similarly halted but only by greater concentrations of TpB (50 mug/g body weight) while redifferentiation and morphogenesis are only affected by still greater concentrations of the dye (100 mug/g body weight). In addition to abolishing the regenerative response, low levels of TpB were also capable of inducing skeletal abnormalities in the regenerates as might be expected from previous reports on the teratogenicity of the dye. The in vitro action of newt hyaluronidase (as well as purified testicular hyaluronidase) on hyaluronate was diminished by TpB, with virtually complete inhibition observed at initial reaction mixture concentrations of 100 mug/ml. The results of this study suggest that TpB acts to disrupt the normal regenerative response by preventing dedifferentiation and remodeling, perhaps by inhibition of various necessary lytic enzyme functions or by interference with normal intercellular communications.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Effect of trypan blue staining on the density and viability of lens epithelial cells in white cataract.

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of anterior capsule staining with trypan blue 0.0125% on the density and viability of the lens epithelial cells (LECs). SETTING: Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Center, Ahmedabad, India. METHODS: This randomized prospective study comprised 40 eyes having phacoemulsification for white mature cataract. Patients were randomized to have the anterior capsule stained with 0.1 mL trypan blue 0.0125% solution before the anterior capsulorhexis (Group 1, n = 20) or to have no anterior capsule staining before the anterior capsulorhexis (Group 2, n = 20). The density and viability of LECs were analyzed. The first 20 samples (10 from Group 1, 10 from Group 2) were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for cell density analysis using image-analysis software. The remaining 20 samples (10 from each group) were stained with a solution containing 0.5 microM calcein AM and 5 microM propidium iodide for 10 minutes at 37 degrees C for viability assay. RESULTS: The mean cell density in Group 1 (with staining) was 3533.15 cells/mm(2) +/- 664.01 (SD). This was significantly lower than the mean of 4235.59 +/- 414.93 cells/mm(2) in Group 2 (no staining) (P = .01). The mean capsule area covered with LECs (80.75% +/- 8.04% versus 94.63% +/- 3.78%) and the mean live LECs in the covered area (51.69% +/- 11.54% versus 68.67% +/- 9.15%) were also significantly lower in Group 1 (P = .002). CONCLUSION: Staining the anterior capsule with trypan blue affected the density and viability of LECs.

Capsulorhexis↗
PubMed1978

The effect of trypan blue on the development of the ferret and rat.

The teratogenic effects of trypan blue given to pregnant rats and ferrets at equivalent stages of embryonic development are described. In the rat the well known teratogenicity of the dye at 8.5 days of gestation and the surprising cessation of teratogenic effect at 11.5 days (20+ somites) is confirmed. In the ferret the drug is teratogenic both at 13 and 18 days of gestation though the principal abnormalities seen are different to those described in the rat. It has been suggested that the teratogenic action of trypan blue in rats is due to an interference in the function of the yolk sac which is an organ of histiotrophic nutrition and provides the principal source of nutrition for the 8.5-day embryo that is largely replaced by a functional chorio-allantoic placenta after 11.5 days of gestation. In ferrets histiotrophic nutrition does not involve an inverted yolk sac placental system. In this species endometrial symplasma provides histiotroph which is ingested by the invading trophoblast. Histiotrophic nutrition is still of great importance at 18 days and morphological evidence indicates that chorio-allantoic placentation becomes important by about 20 days (35+ somites).

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Trypan blue accumulation in the embryonic gut of rats and mice during the teratogenic phase.

Four to 48 hours after iv and sc administration of teratogenic doses of trypan blue to rats and mice the uterus was removed and rapidly frozen, after having been placed in a horizontal plane, and frozen sections were attached to tape and dried at a low temperature. By this procedure embryos and placental structures were present in the same sections and loss or redistribution of the dye was minimized. The dye was found in the yolk-sac cavity and to be accumulated in the visceral (proximal) endoderm. It was also acculmulated in the embryonic endoderm--forming the embryonic gut. This accumulation occurred after the administration of the trypan blue up to the time of closure of the vitelline duct, which occurs at 11 days postconception in rats and 9.5 days in mice. None was found when injection was made after this closure. No dye was detected in the ecto- and mesodermal layers. The period of embryonic uptake of trypan blue largely corresponds with the period of teratogenic sensitivity in these species as reported by others.

Animals↗