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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Femoral cement pressurization during total hip arthroplasty. The role of different femoral stems with reference to stem size and shape.

Aseptic loosening is the most common cause of femoral component failure following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Improvements have been made in cementing technique, but little attention has been directed toward the effect of different femoral components on bone cement pressurization. The effect of three different femoral stem sizes in one femoral canal and of eight different femoral stem designs on bone cement extrusion pressures was investigated on autopsy specimens. In a given femur significant increases in bone cement pressurization were achieved about the distal two-thirds of the femoral component in progressing from a small to a medium to a large stem. Similarly, femoral stems with rounded, rectangular cross sections generated greater bone cement pressurization about the distal two-thirds of the stems than stems trapezoidal and diamond-shaped in cross section due to their increased stem volume. The results of this study favor the use of the largest femoral component stem, preferably one with a rounded, rectangular cross section, that will fit comfortably in a given femoral canal and still allow a surrounding cement envelope such that bone cement pressurization will be enhanced with implant introduction.

Cadaver↗
PubMed2004

In vivo motion of the scaphotrapezio-trapezoidal (STT) joint.

It has previously been shown that the articulation of the scaphotrapezio-trapezoidal (STT) joint can be modeled such that the trapezoid and trapezium are tightly linked and move together on a single path relative to the scaphoid during all directions of wrist motion. The simplicity of such a model is fascinating, but it leaves unanswered why two distinct carpal bones would have a mutually articulating surface if there were no motion between them, and how such a simplistic model of STT joint motion translates into the more complex global carpal motion. We performed an in vivo analysis of the trapezoids and trapeziums of 10 subjects (20 wrists) using a markerless bone registration technique. In particular, we analyzed the centroid spacing, centroid displacements, kinematics, and postures of the trapezoid and trapezium relative to the scaphoid. We found that, on a gross level, the in vivo STT motion was consistent with that reported in vitro. In addition, we found that the magnitude of trapezoid and trapezium motion was dependent upon the direction of wrist motion. However, we also found that when small rotations and displacements are considered there were small but statistically significant relative motions between the trapezoid and trapezium (0.4 mm in maximum flexion, 0.3 mm in radial deviation and at least 10 degrees in flexion extension and ulnar deviation) as well as slight off-path rotations. The results of this study indicate that the STT joint should be considered a mobile joint with motions more complex than previously appreciated.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

External fixation of the pelvic girdle with a trapezoid compression frame.

The compression obtained with external anchorage in the anterior and posterior part of the pelvic girdle has been studied with a measuring device in the sacroiliac joint and and the symphysis of a specimen pelvis. Two models of external frames were tested, in both of which anchorage to the pelvic bone was brought about with 3 pins inserted in the iliac crests. The results were best with a trapezoid frame and bar exerting a compressive force on the pelvic girdle. When mounted with an inclination of 70 degrees to the long axis of the body, the frame exerted considerable compression on the posterior part of the pelvic girdle. This mounting afforded good stability of the detached hemipelvis. The trapezoid compression frame is recommended as an alternative to conventional methods of treating unstable fractures and dislocations of the pelvic girdle.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Carpal bone anatomy measured by computer analysis of three-dimensional reconstructions of computed tomography images.

Using quantitative analysis of three-dimensional reconstructions of computed tomography scan data, a normative database of carpal bone morphology was built. Thirty-five wrists were imaged in a computed tomography scanner. Each slice was processed to determine the bone edges and assembled as a three-dimensional model by stacking. Quantitative measurements of volume, surface area, maximum length, and intercarpal distances were then assessed. A reliable three-dimensional carpal height ratio was calculated by dividing the carpal height (minimum distance between the fourth metacarpal and the radius) by the capitate maximum length. For volume, maximum length, and surface area, the order for the eight carpal bones with respect to size (in descending order) were: capitate, hamate, scaphoid, trapezium, lunate, trapezoid, triquetrum, and pisiform. Male wrists were significantly larger than female wrists. There were no significant differences in the relative dimensions between left and right wrists, or between left and right wrists of matched pairs. This technology offers automated analysis of three-dimensional geometric carpal information and the opportunity to obtain a body of information about normal and abnormal morphology as well as spatial relationships between carpal bones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Biomechanical and biological bases of the third type of fracture healing].

Fracture healing may take place in the form of direct repair by laminar bone with a little callus, and it is called the third type of fracture healing or an optimal form of fracture healing. The results of stress analysis of electric measurements on the femoral shaft after osteotomy, which is fixed with plates, in simulation to load tests demonstrated that if the design of the plate is reasonable, even the load is added over twice of the body weight, the compression stress subjected to osteotomy site may be greater than that or nearly the same as that in the intact bone. In another animal experiment, a model of the third type of fracture healing of the canine tibial shaft osteotomy fixed with trapezoid compression plate (TCP) was established with polychromatic sequential labeling. The results of 3-point bending tests indicated that the strength and the rigidity of the healing bone may be greater than normal region. The mechanical and biological bases of the third type of fracture healing are provided by these experiments.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[The "candlestick" technique for the correction of certain types of congenital metacarpal synotosis].

Metacarpal synostosis is a rare congenital hand malformation requiring only occasionally a surgical correction. However in case of divergent epiphyses there is a progressive accentuation of the deformity. In the "Y" type of symmetrical synostosis, the authors propose a trapezoidal osteotomy with upside down relocation allowing realignement of the epiphyses without distant bone donor site.

Hand Deformities↗
PubMed1991

[The ligaments of the scaphoid bone].

The scaphoid has three separately directed ligamentous connections, directed 1. proximally, toward the distal radius, 2. distally, toward the distal carpal row, and 3. ulnarly, toward the adjacent lunate. The palmar radiocarpal ligament consists of three distinct fiber complexes. Two of them, the radiocapitate and deep radioscapholunate, insert on the scaphoid, whereas the collateral ligament courses to the distal pole of the scaphoid. Dorsally, the dorsal radiocarpal ligament passes the proximal pole of the scaphoid without direct attachment. The dorsal arcuate ligament spans the midcarpal joint, from the scaphoid tubercle to the triquetrum. The well developed interosseous scapholunate ligament connects the proximal pole of the scaphoid with the lunate in a distally concave semicircular fashion. Short ligaments extend between the distal pole of the scaphoid and the trapezium palmarly, dorsally and radially, and between the distal pole of the scaphoid and the trapezoid palmarly and radially.

Carpal Bones↗
PubMed1988

Antley-Bixler syndrome from a prognostic perspective: report of a case and review of the literature.

The Antley-Bixler syndrome (ABS) is characterized by craniosynostosis, radiohumeral synostosis, and femoral bowing. Other findings include a trapezoid-shaped head, deformed ears, severe midface hypoplasia, choanal atresia or stenosis, and long bone fractures. Most ABS cases have died in the first months of life from respiratory complications. The poor prognosis in this condition makes counseling difficult and early termination of pregnancy a consideration. The medical and surgical management information presented here can be used as a guide for counseling parents in the future. We report on a new patient with ABS who now at age 3 yr, has been followed by the medical staff of Riley Children's Hospital since birth. She has had successful medical and surgical management. Although the multisynostoses seen in this disorder is undoubtedly related to the soft tissue malformations such as choanal stenosis and midface hypoplasia, the cause remains unknown. The literature is also reviewed in this condition.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1999

Subgingival acellular dermal matrix allograft for the treatment of gingival recession: a case report.

Root coverage procedures using subgingival soft tissue grafts or guided tissue regeneration have attracted much interest within the past 2 decades. Recently, acellular dermal matrix allograft (ADMA) has been introduced as a substitute for palatal donor tissue in gingival augmentation procedures. This study was undertaken to examine the potential of ADMA to be used as a substitute for autogenous connective tissue graft material in a root coverage procedure in a case with moderate gingival recession combined with reduced keratinized attached gingiva. After thorough root planing and conditioning of the root surface with a saturated solution of tetracycline-HCl, a trapezoidal mucoperiosteal flap was raised and the papillae were de-epithelialized. The exposed bone surrounding the exposed root surface was perforated with a No. 2 round drill, and the exposed root and surrounding bone were covered by ADMA. The allograft was stabilized by 5-0 vicryl sutures. The flap was coronally positioned to completely cover the ADMA. Healing was uneventful. Eight-month observations and measurements showed root coverage of more than 3.5 mm (>80%), a gingival margin that was harmonious with the neighboring teeth, and an increase of the zone of keratinized attached gingiva, from 1 to 3 mm. Within the limitations of these clinical observations, it is suggested that ADMA may be a possible substitute to free autogenous connective tissue grafts and/or bioabsorbable barrier membranes. Further clinical and histological studies are necessary to understand the healing process of this surgical wound.

Alveolectomy↗
PubMed1996

[Carpal bone protuberance].

The term "carpe bossu" has been coined to bony eminence at the base of II or III metatcarpal, sometimes expanding to the trapezoid and capitate dorsally. The condition is usually symptom free. Pain is spontaneous or elicited by overuse and aggravated by palmar flexion of the wrist. The subluxation of extensors tendons overlying the boss may occur in more cases. Bony eminence, regular in shape is evident on lateral radiographs. Conservative treatment usually renders remission of symptoms but if it fails surgery is indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Limited wrist arthrodeses. I. The triscaphoid joint.

Limited wrist arthrodesis is the surgical fusion of selected bones of the wrist. In each case the extent of the fusion is determined by the extent of the disease process. Limited wrist arthrodesis of the joints between the scaphoid, trapezium, and trapezoid is indicated in localized degenerative arthritis, radial hand dislocations, and certain instability patterns following ligament rupture (rotary subluxation of the scaphoid). Fusion is easily obtained utilizing a local bone graft donor site. Fusion of the three-bone unit leaves approximately 80% of flexion extension and 66% of radial and ulnar deviation in the wrist.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1983

The arterial anatomy of the human carpus. Part II: The intraosseous vascularity.

The intraosseous vascular anatomy of the carpal bones of 25 fresh cadaver limbs was studied by injection and Spalteholz clearing techniques. The carpal bones were classified into three general groups based on the size and location of nutrient vessels, the presence or absence of intraosseous anastomoses, and the dependence of large areas of bone on a single intraosseous vessel. Group I included the scaphoid, capitate, and 20% of the lunates in this series. Each had large areas of bone dependent on a single intraosseous vessel and was considered at greater risk to develop avascular necrosis following fracture. Group II included the trapezoid and hamate, both of which have two areas of vessel entry but lack intraosseous anastomoses. Group III included the trapezium, triquetrum, pisiform, and 80% of the lunates in this series, which receive nutrient arteries through two nonarticular surfaces, have consistent intraosseous anastomoses, and have no large areas of bone dependent upon a single vessel. The clinical incidence of avascular necrosis in groups II and III is low.

Arteries↗