A short computer program for the analysis of transaction flows.
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Commerce↗
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Results for “Transactional Analysis”
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An analysis of transaction logs to evaluate the educational needs of end users.
End users at the University of Southern California (USC) have free access to the last ten years of MEDLINE through a local online system known as USCInfo. Librarians at USC Norris Medical Library provide documentation and offer formal and informal training on the use of the system to search MEDLINE. To assess the educational needs of the end users, 643 searches were analyzed. Although a high proportion (84%) of the searches were judged to be successful, the use of medical subject headings (MeSH) to obtain optimal results was low; only 20% of all successful subject searches employed MeSH. Also, the advanced features of the system were underutilized. While it is promising to learn that many end users are obtaining positive results, methods which will encourage end users improve their retrievals need to be developed.
Computer User Training↗
Nursing and health education: victim blaming.
Health education may contribute to creating victims. In this article, the concept of victim blaming, and how the victim role is created, is explored using transactional analysis. Specifically, the Drama Triangle is used as a tool for analysis rather than a model for practice.
Health Education↗
'No suicide contracts' in community crisis situations: a conceptual analysis.
'No suicide contracts' are commonly used in community crisis situations with suicidal people in New Zealand. These take the form of a 'guarantee of safety', along with a 'promise' to call specified persons if the suicidal ideation becomes unmanageable. This article describes the use of 'no suicide contracts' in community crisis situations, analyses the use of the tool within this context, and, in particular, argues that the theoretical base (transactional analysis) of the 'no suicide contract' is likely to be deleterious in the community crisis situation.
Contracts↗
[Motivation for preventive care].
This article outlines those psychological characteristics of preventive and prophylactic work that qualify it as an efficient and effective skill. The transactional analysis model is used for explaining some peculiarities of everyday contact and communication between medical professionals and patients.
Humans↗
[Psychosomatic treatment of irritable bowel syndrome].
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may be defined as a psychosomatic disease. Most primary care physicians do not want to undertake psychosomatic treatment, but may find it necessary in refractory patients. Brief psychosomatic treatments, providing patients with betterways to cope with stress, reduce the symptoms. The literature on the psychosomatic treatment for IBS is summarized. Supportive therapy and autogenic training that produce relaxation response appear to be effective. Other special psychological therapies that require specialized training, such as hypnosis, biofeedback, cognitive therapy, transactional analysis may be used for IBS but adequately controlled trials are lacking. It is certain that psychosomatic treatment take part in the management of IBS. Additional studies are needed to verify the effectiveness of these treatment for IBS.
Autogenic Training↗
The role of the therapist's critical parent.
The need for nurse therapists to be aware of their own feelings, beliefs, and attitudes is all-important if treatment is to be effective. In this paper, the author uses the concept of the therapist's Critical Parent (from Berne's 1961 Transactional Analysis model) to explore countertransference reactions. Clinical examples from the author's professional experience are employed to demonstrate the interplay of ego states between therapist and client and how understanding of the effect of the therapist's Critical parent can enhance his or her ability to intervene effectively.
Countertransference↗
Treatment attitudes of recovered alcoholic counselors and nonalcoholic counselors.
The advent of the profession of alcoholism counseling has generated concern about the clinical treatment attitudes of counselors who are recovered alcoholics. The treatment attitudes of eight recovered counselors and eight nonalcoholic counselors at a U.S. Navy alcohol treatment facility were compared by rating the counselors' perception of client clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and preference for treatment modality and goals. Recovered counselors perceived: greater psychological dependence on alcohol, higher probability of substitution of another drug for alcohol, psychologists as less helpful, Antabuse as more helpful, abstinence as a more necessary treatment goal, and transactional analysis as a more helpful treatment. No significant differences remained between the attitudes of both groups of counselors after intervening counselor characteristics (e.g., Alcoholics Anonymous activity and alcohol training experience) were controlled. The findings may indicate reticence among nonalcoholic counselors to challenge traditional alcoholism treatment methods and theories.
Adult↗
The assessment of the ego states.
The hypothesis that ego states, as defined in Transactional Analysis, are distinct and identifiable phenomena was tested. Ten TA therapists were asked to assess which of the three ego states, Parent, Adult or Child, were present in forty statements extracted from the tape of a family therapy session. The level of agreement reached was statistically highly significant. There was a certain amount of interrater variability, and potential sources of disagreement are discussed.
Ego↗
The new psychotherapies: the courage to be.
The past decade has seen the emergence of popular "new psychotherapies" such as Gestalt Therapy, Transactional Analysis, and Primal Therapy, each with substantial followings. This paper puts forward a hypothesis about what these divergent systems may possess in common. Certain aspects of these therapy systems, in particular the induction of new patients and trainees, are examined in terms of Paul Tillich's concepts of the universal necessity of a rationale for courage. The significance of Tillich's analysis of courage for various historical movements is reviewed. In each system an element of unconditional commitment to a particular world view is required, as evidenced in the writings of the proponents of these systems, for the patient to be accepted into the particular system. These theoretically divergent systems possess, in common, a factor of an initial commitment to and induction into a collective belief system comparable to what Tillich describes as "the courage to be as a part".
Gestalt Therapy↗
Altering the gambler's maladaptive life goals.
This paper will serve as an explanation of how clinical counselors from various schools of thought, e.g., Freudian, Transactional Analysis, and Adlerian, work with or treat the excessive gambler. Because the presentation is short, it will be impossible to thoroughly cover the three schools of thought in depth. However, because of the writer's bias, the paper will examine in some detail the way in which an Adlerian counselor or therapist encourages his maladaptive clients to act and think more constructively, i.e., give up excessive gambling.
Attention↗
The treatment facility as coalcoholic.
An institution or group has a personality which is different from the individuals who make up the institution or group. An institution functions as a person. It is not just the total of its members. It is a distinct entity. The alcohol treatment facility has the capacity to interact with clients. The relationship can lead to alcoholic "game playing" between the institution and its clients. This can occur regardless of the administrative structure of the facility. the notion of the "game" adopted for this paper comes from Transactional Analysis. According to this theory, the potential game roles include: persecutor, rescuer, victim, patsy, and connection. The roles may be played by the institution as well as the clients. It can perpetuate the alcoholic behavior of the clients. Examples of this process come from clinical observation. Ultimately the potential for change of this situation rests with the self-awareness of the administration and treatment staff as a collective personality. The game can be ended when the players recognize the role playing and refuse to continue to play. The staff and administration are key elements in this recognition and refusal.
Alcoholism↗
[Voice dialogue--dialogue of voices].
Voice Dialogue is an integration of different therapeutic methods (Gestalttherapy, Psychodrama, Psychology of C.G. Jung, Transactional Analysis, Psychosynthesis). It is a therapeutic method, which allows in a rather humoristic way, without provoking lots of resistance, to contact the subpersonalities of a client. This will objectify and bring into awareness the different subpersonalities, as well as the disowned parts of the personality. Therefore we will have the chance to deal with these parts in a creative way without the Ego interfering critically. So a new balance can be found between the different subpersonalities and the Ego. Voice Dialogue can be applied very well in single, partner or family therapy and has worked successfully with grown-ups and especially with youngsters.
Adolescent↗
Environmental psychology 1989-1994.
A review of research and theory on transactions between people and physical environments emphasizes new contributions to theory and empirical research published in major journals of environmental psychology, 1989-1994. Theories focused on arousal, load, stress, privacy-regulation, behavior settings, and transactional analysis; new theory increasingly incorporated situational and contextual variables. Empirical research emphasized field settings over the laboratory and employed increasingly diverse methods, populations, and cultures. Environmental design studies integrated scientific and applied goals through post-occupancy evaluation. New findings concerned features of residences, work places, hospitals, schools, prisons, and larger community environments. New studies also addressed environmental stressors (e.g., temperature, noise); effects of attitudes and behaviors on conservation, crime, pollution, and hazards; and issues for neighborhoods, public places, and natural environments. Directions for the future include integrated theory to guide research, more design experiments, and development of conventions for case studies.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Cognitive and social aspects of sexual dysfunction: sexual scripts in sex therapy.
The formulation and treatment of sexual dysfunction are conceptualized within a framework of sexual scripts. This approach places particular emphasis on the cognitive and interpersonal dimensions of sexual interaction and provides greater continuity in our understanding of the development of sexual conduct in general. Clinical assessment of sexual scripts begins with a comparison of performative and cognitive scripts, which are then elaborated in terms of key script attributes such as complexity, rigidity, conventionality and satisfaction. Sex therapy is viewed as a process of script modification, in which particular attention is payed to the integration of covert and overt aspects of the script. Two case illustrations are provided. The discussion contrast the present use of script analysis with the way the term is used in transactional analysis and research in artificial intelligence.
Adult↗
[The radical psychiatry trend and intervention with women (a Californian experience).].
It was in the wake of the movement for a critical psychiatry, originated by Eric Berne, that the Radical psychiatry collective developed in Berkely California at the beginning of the 70's. Starting with an analysis of the dominant therapeutic intervention, which was seen alienating, and its resultant, an oppression of which the individual is unaware, the Collective teaches a new practice represented by the following equation : consciousness of one's oppression + contact with other in the same situation + action = liberation. This equation is intended to reply to the preceeding formula : oppression + unawareness of one's oppression + isolation = alienation. Utilizing the personality composant concepts elaborated in transactional analysis, that is the ego state : the Parent, the Adult, and the Child, the Collective shows that certain aspects of social Males, learned through socialization, are unequally and differently developed in men and women. Consequently, a harmonious meeting of man and woman is impossible. To resolve these difficulties, the Collective runs mixed therapeutic help, and women's groups. The latter, developed primarily by Hogie Wyckoff, take into consideration the specific oppression of women and help them to work on those qualities wich are insufficiently developed or undervalued by an inequitable capitalist society. The thrust of radical psychiatry associates the fundamental characteristics of capitalist society, principally human relation, and the problems of everyday individual experience. It also demonstrates the logical ordeming of social males - limiting and unsatisfactory by functional -in such a society. The approach is highly interesting in relation to therapeutic practice with women in general, and more specifically, with social and health service clients. Nevertheless, the approach should not be limited to the sole consideration of the concrete and interactional factors involved in the relation between an intervener from the educated middle class and a client from a popular milieu, often deprived at many levels. The repercussions of class differences on a supposedly equal relationship are still unknown, since radical psychiatry interveners works principally with a middle class clientele. This gap constitutes the principal limit of the observed approach, a limit which should be more thoroughly investigated and analysed.
English Abstract↗
Dimensions of self-actualization and posttreatment alcohol use in fully and in partly recovered alcoholics.
Contacted 46 alcoholics 1 year upon discharge from a residential treatment program based primarily on transactional analysis. Twenty-five reported to be fully abstinent for the 1-year follow-up, and the other 21 reported that they were not drinking heavily. Correlational analysis of the relationship of reported alcohol use to responses on the Personal Orientation Inventory at the 1-year follow-up suggested that the abstinent persons had somewhat higher self-esteem and were slightly freer in expression of feelings.
Adult↗
An incremental model to isolate specific effects of behavioral treatments in essential hypertension.
UNLABELLED: To prove clinical effectiveness of behavioral treatments in essential hypertension, an incremental repeated measures design was combined with findings that positive expectancies (placebo factors) potentiate specific effects. If positive expectancy effects were maximized in a Baseline Control Phase (6-26 weeks of BP stabilization), specific effects might be isolated as well as potentiated in a Learning Phase (2a, 6 weeks, twice/week; 2b, 6 weeks, once/week--fading). Follow-up Phase 3 was six weeks, once/week; six months, once/month; and at 12 months. To equalize groups across seasons over 12 years of regular clinical work, 117 volunteer outpatient veterans with borderline to moderate essential hypertension (130-170/90-110) were assigned in order of entry (10-20 each year) to one of four TREATMENTS: R, simple relaxation; REMG, R + EMG biofeedback; BP, BP biofeedback only; RBP, R + BP; or to an inert Control Group (TA, reading about transactional analysis without skills training). The four Treatment groups showed modest but consistent BP decreases during Phase 2 (p range from .0001 to .01). Control Phase placebo effects matched those in the Control Group (no BP decrease after Baseline). With a two-way mixed ANOVA design, Learning Phase 2 isolated specific effects of behavioral treatments, while the Control Phase 1 with liberal placebo factors potentiated specific effects during regular clinical work.
Adult↗