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PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the physico-chemical properties of a new polysaccharide gum from Prosopis africana.

The gum obtained from the ripe seeds of Prosopis africana was processed to compendial standard for plant gums and characterised. Toxicological studies of the polysaccharide on mice showed the material to be safe. The material hydrates slowly in aqueous media to form a colloidal dispersion. Swelling studies on the gum shows that the gum has a higher swelling capacity than methylcellulose. Rheological studies showed that the material is more viscous than tragacanth gum at equivalent concentrations. Acid hydrolysis and thin layer chromatography of the resulting hydrolysates showed that the gum contains glucose, fructose, galactose and xylose as the monosaccharide components. Microbial tests showed the gum to contain 8.26 x 10(4) viable cells per gram when freshly prepared. Other properties of the gum evaluated includes; melting or charring temperature, optical properties, true density, ash values, element content as well as its reactions with lead subacetate solution and 0.02 M iodine.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Investigation of some materials as dry binders for direct compression in tablet manufacture. Part 2: Comparative self-binding properties.

Comparative self-binding qualities of four substances studied as potential dry binders for direct compression applications in tablet making were investigated. The effect of particle size of these materials on hardness, friability and hardness-friability ratio of disks made with mere binders was studied. The results showed that for comparable particle sizes, values of hardness-friability ratio of the various disks were in the following descending order: Plasdone, tragacanth, Carbowax 4000 and then mannitol.

Excipients↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enzyme assay for identification of pectin and pectin derivatives, based on recombinant pectate lyase.

A simple method was developed for fast identification of pectin, based on a recombinant endopectate lyase cloned from Aspergillus niger. When pectin was demethylated and treated with pectate lyase, beta-elimination occurred, resulting in a double bond between C-4 and C-5 in the galacturonic acid residue of the released nonreducing end. The formation of double bonds produced an increase in light absorption, which was detected at 235 nm. The assay was tested on pectin of different origins (apple, orange, sugar beet, sunflower, celery, lemon), pectin derivatives (amidated pectin), and speciality types such as low molecular weight and low %DE (degree of esterification, percentage of galacturonic acid groups esterified with methanol) pectin. The highest response was given by pectate (pectin with %DE< 5) and the lowest by pectin extracted from sugar beet. No other gums (carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, locust bean gum, tragacanth, gellan, tamarind, xanthan, amylogum, sodium alginate, or agar) gave any response. Members of IPPA (International Pectin Producers Association) have evaluated the validity of the assay in a ring test. All members of the Association were able to identify pectin from other gums in a blind test. The method can replace more laborious and ambiguous identification tests which exist today.

Aspergillus niger↗
PubMed1975

Investigation of some materials as dry binders for direct compression in tablet manufacture. Part 6: Effect of drug.

The effect of addition of ascorbic acid, which is a drug known to be difficult to compress directly, on the self-binding efficiency of tragacanth, Carbowax 4000, Plasdone, and mannitol were investigated. The flow properties of ascorbic acid of different particle sizes were determined since they would affect the flowability of the binders investigated and would help to determine the optimum particle size of the drug required for maximum binding efficiency.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1975

Investigation of some materials as dry binders for direct compression in tablet manufacture. Part 7: Formulation and evaluation of ascorbic acid and phenobarbitone tablets.

Directly compressible powder blends containing either ascorbic acid or phenobarbitone, and utilizing tragacanth, Carbowax 4000, Plasdone, and mannitol as dry binders, were formulated. The flowability of the powder mixes prior to compression was determined. Furthermore, the tablets prepared according to the suggested formulae were tested for hardness, friability, uniformity of weight, distribution of active ingredient, disintegration, and dissolution. The effect of aging on the qualities of the tablets was also studied.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed2005

Possibilities of application of non-ionic surfactants belonging to Rofam, Rokopol and Rokanol class in the prescription of dental anti-inflammatory gels.

Belonging to the classes of: Rofams, Rokopols and Rokanols were used to form the gels soap base. The model gels extensibility was investigated by extensometric method, while their viscosity parameters were determined with cone-plate digital rheometer. Regardless of the applied gel vehicle, model prescriptions of dental anti-inflammatory gels with sodium ibuprofen have been worked out. Natural polysaccharides: xanthan gum, tragacanth, guar gum were the vehicles of the formed gels. New non-ionic surfactants the most beneficial results of rheological measurements were obtained for model gels with Rofam R-15. The calculated areas under extensibility curves of preparations with Rofam R-15 are greater than for gels with Rokopol RF55 or Rokanol OC9. Introduction of Rofam R-15 into the prescription is associated with maintenance of low value of yield stress. When this value is exceeded under the effect of slight shear, the gel does not stay long on the surface of its application. High values of theoretical coefficients of sodium ibuprofen diffusion from gels with Rofam R-15, calculated from Einstein-Smoluchowski equation, are the consequence of their low viscosity. The carried out in vitro comparative testing of the kinetics of sodium ibuprofen release from the gel with Rofam R-15 and from gel with sodium estolate of parallel prescription did not demonstrate any basic differences in the size of the areas under the release curves (14,4046 and 13,5308 c.u. for the vehicle with xanthan gum).

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1975

Investigation of some materials as dry binders for direct compression in tablet manufacture. Part 5: Effects of lubricants and flow conditions.

The effect of talc, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, and Acrawax C, which are commonly used as lubricants, on the dry-binding efficiency of tragacanth, polyethylene glycol 4000, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and mannitol were investigated. The effect of Aerosil which is sometimes utilized as a flow conditioner for directly compressible powder blends was also studied. The type and concentration of lubricant or flow conditioner appeared to influence the binding efficiency of the binders investigated to various degrees. The results showed that the bonding characteristics of all the binders tested except mannitol were reduced by the addition of the lubricants and the flow conditioner.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A clinical comparison of four denture adhesives.

The influence of four denture adhesives (Fittydent, Super Poligrip, Super Wernet's, and tragacanth) on patients' opinions of 10 aspects of denture use was studied. The adhesives were applied in turn to the existing complete dentures of 32 patients in a sequence determined by eight randomly chosen 4 x 4 Latin squares of different treatments. Subjective views of the patients indicated that one product significantly improved denture retention and had other favorable features.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1976

Susceptibility of a new fetal pig kidney cell line (MVPK-1) to foot-and-mouth disease virus.

The Mengeling-Vaughn Porcine Kidney (MVPK-1) cell line, derived in October, 1970, from fetal pig kidneys, is susceptible to all 7 types of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus. A plaque assay was developed for FMD virus that depended on washing MVPK-1 cells in serum-free medium before infection and excluding serum from 0.6% gum tragacanth overlay during plaque formation. The numbers of plaques that formed on MVPK-1 cells by a representative strain of each FMD type were comparable with the numbers of those on primary bovine calf kidney (BK) cells. Virus passaged in BK cell cultures did not have to be adapted to the cell line to obtain these results. The cell line lost susceptibility rapidly at 37 C after confluency was reached but retained susceptibility if maintained at room temperature. The cell line has the potential of replacing BK cells for many diverse purposes.

Aphthovirus↗
PubMed1976

Plaque neutralization of bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in BHK21 cells.

Plaque assay and plaque neutralization of blue-tongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus were studied in baby hamster kidney (BHK21) cells grown under an overlay containing gum tragacanth. Tests were done in plastic panels, each with 24 wells, and variables were established for achieving reproducible results. Four serotypes of bluetongue virus were compared, and their antigenic differences were confirmed with this new plaque-neutralization test.

Bluetongue virus↗
PubMed1991

[Combination of ethylene oxide with gums].

Concerning combinaisons of ethylene oxide with any gums. The combinaisons of ethylene oxide are determined with any gums: tragacanthe, arabic, ceratonia, guar and sterculia. Among the stable compounds obtained with the gums sterculia, the author make mention of chloro-2 éthanol and ethyleneglycol.

Drug Combinations↗
PubMed1991

[Experimental and clinical study of tong jing bao and Angelicae complex injection in treating fallopian tube obstruction].

Twenty-two female rabbits with fallopian tube obstruction as the model, were made by 25% Phenol-Tragacanth Mucilage in the laboratory study. Eight rabbits were treated by taking Tong Jing Bao and giving transcervical intrauterine injecting of Angelicae complex injection. Seven were treated with the latter and other seven with 0.9% saline only as the control group. The study showed that in the opening fallopian tube, anti-inflammation, limiting the hyperplasia of fibro-connective tissue and improving the regeneration of epithelial tissue, the first group was more effective than the other two groups (P less than 0.05). Forty-eight infertile women, in whom the fallopian tube obstruction were proved by hysterosalpingography, were divided into two groups for the clinical study. Thirty patients were treated as same as the first group of rabbits. As the control group, other eighteen women were treated with transcervical intrauterine injecting of gentamycin and 0.9% saline in 3 to 6 months. The effective rates were 94.6% and 56.6% (P less than 0.01) and the subsequent pregnancy rates were 46.7% and 27.8% respectively in the different two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Stability of 5-aminosalicylic acid suspension.

The stability of 5-aminosalicylic acid in a suspension prepared extemporaneously for administration by enema was studied. The suspension was prepared (tragacanth was the suspending agent) and then placed in 3-ounce amber glass prescription bottles; five bottles were stored at room temperature and five were refrigerated for 90 days. Using samples from each bottle, concentrations of 5-aminosalicylic acid were determined in triplicate by high-performance liquid chromatography at 0, 30, 60, and 90 days. Throughout the study period, all samples retained more than 90% of the day 0 concentration of 5-aminosalicylic acid. At each storage time, concentrations in samples stored at either room temperature or under refrigeration were not significantly different. In this extemporaneously prepared suspension, 5-aminosalicylic acid was stable for 90 days at room temperature and under refrigeration.

Aminosalicylic Acids↗
PubMed1974

Immunofluorescence plaque assay for African swine fever virus.

Suitably diluted cell culture adapted African swine fever virus preparations were inoculated on VERO cell monolayers and grown on coverslips. Gum tragacanth was used as an overlay. After three days incubation at 37 degrees C the infected cultures were fixed with acetone and stained with fluorescent antibody conjugate. Fluorescing plaques consisted of 20-30 infected cells. THREE STATISTICAL CRITERIA FOR A QUANTITATIVELY RELIABLE ASSAY WERE MET: the Poisson distribution for plaque counts, linearity of the relationship between the concentration of virus and the plaque count and reproducibility of replicate titrations. The method is suitable for counts up to at least 70 plaques per 5 cm(2) coverslip and computed titers are reproducible within 0.16 log units with a total of 300 plaques enumerated.

African Swine Fever↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pre- and postnatal development of rats following concomitant intrauterine exposure to propoxyphene and chlordiazepoxide.

The pre- and postnatal effects of the combined oral administration of propoxyphene (PPX, 100 mg/kg/day) and chlordiazepoxide (CDX, 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day) were evaluated in Wistar rats in separate experiments by dosing on days 6 through 21 of pregnancy. The controls were given either an aqueous gum tragacanth solution or PPX alone. Maternal toxicity, as evident from death or reduction in body weight, was observed in dams given PPX + 100 mg/kg/day CDX, although previous studies with CDX alone showed no maternal toxicity [5]. PPX alone was well tolerated by the mothers and produced neither any detrimental effects on litter size, litter or pup weights, nor any visceral or skeletal anomalies. Treatment with the two largest doses of CDX + PPX was associated with a high incidence of resorptions, a significant reduction in fetal weight, increased incidence of runts, retarded ossification of skull bones, and a variety of sternal defects. In the postnatal study, PPX alone did not affect pup survival or growth, whereas the combined dosing of PPX and CDX resulted in delayed delivery, increase in stillbirths, reduction in birth weight and a high neonatal mortality compared to pups in the control groups. Pentobarbital sleeping time remained unaltered in 11 to 12-week old offspring of dams given PPX alone. However, in 11 to 12-week old progeny exposed in utero to 25 mg/kg CDX + PPX, the pentobarbital sleeping time was significantly prolonged in males but shortened in females, suggesting that prenatal exposure to PPX + CDX caused a sex-related reversal to pentobarbital hypnosis in mature rats.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1981

[Prophylactic and therapeutic application of anti-inflammatory agents on the test method of carrageenin paw edema in the rat (author's transl)].

A number of anti-inflammatory substances and cyclophosphamide were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity on a modified carrageenin-tragacanth-induced oedema of the rat paw. The oral application of the substances occurred before or simultaneously with the induction of the inflammation (prophylactic) as well as 2, 6 and 24 h post-irritation (therapeutic). The paw volume was measured plethysmometrically after application of the substances at 3 and 5 h, respectively (short-term test) and 24 and 25 h, respectively (long-term test). Acetylsalicylic acid and phenylbutazone showed a good anti-inflammatory activity specially in the short-term test when given prophylactically. In contrast, flufenamic acid and indomethacin up to 6 h post-application showed both prophylactic and therapeutic activity in both short- and long-term test. The steroidal compound prednisolone was effective when used therapeutically in short-term test up to 24 h post-application as well as in long-term test up to 6 h post-application. Azapropazone and cyclophosphamide were ineffective, among other factors, because of too low a dosage.

Animals↗