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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Jet-assisted laser tools for tooth preparation.

Previous oral calcified-tissue laser ablations have yielded inadequate results because of the difficulty in producing a desired effect on a surface without concomitant pulp or osseous damage. The purpose of this study was to characterize a new modality of ablating teeth using argon and diode lasers (488.5 nm, 805 nm) in combination with the repetitive placement of specific photoabsorptive dyes. In this design, energy from laser light, that would otherwise be reflected, is coupled to the tooth-dye interface. Thirty-two specimens of recently extracted human enamel were sectioned and prepared into 3 x 2 x 2 rectangular blocks and smoothed with a polishing point. Two-microliter droplets of dye were placed on the external enamel surface and subsequently air-dried. Specimens were then ablated with the laser-dye combinations, producing craters approximately 100-200 mum in depth and devoid of visual carbonization. Similar irradiations were performed on enamel specimens without dye application, and displayed no cavitation or surface carbonization. SEM studies showed evidence of crater formation within the enamel surface. Optimization of laser parameters integrated with specific dispensing of dye is necessary before this technique can be studied further.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed1999

Localization and changes in NADPH-diaphorase reactivity and nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in rat pulp following tooth preparation.

Inflammatory changes in the dental pulp are accompanied by release of a wide variety of chemical mediators. Nitric oxide, an oxidative free radical produced by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), has been implicated in multiple inflammatory processes, which makes it a suitable marker for changes which likely occur following tooth pulp insult. Since limited information on nitric oxide in the pulp is available, it is necessary first to examine relative distributions of NOS in uninflamed and inflamed rat pulp. We accomplished this by characterizing regions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity and the distribution of both macrophage NOS (macNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) immunoreactivity in normal and inflamed rat molar pulp at multiple time points. The results showed that: (1) deep cavity preparation on the mesial surface of the molar produced a time-dependent inflammation, with acute inflammation early progressing to chronic, granulomatous inflammation with necrosis later that spread preferentially down the mesial root; (2) control (non-prepared) teeth showed a relatively faint and homogeneous distribution of NADPH-d and macNOS reactivity but no discernible nNOS reactivity; (3) inflamed teeth displayed localized increased intensity of NADPH-d and macNOS reactivity surrounding the inflamed area of pulp, but no increased nNOS activity; (4) pulp vessels supplying the inflamed area showed increased NADPH-d reactivity, but no increased macNOS or nNOS reactivity; and (5) neither NADPH-d, macNOS, nor nNOS reactivity was observed in pulpal nerves. Therefore, nitric oxide may mediate the pulpal inflammatory response through its effects on the paralesional pulp tissue and surrounding endothelial/vascular structures.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of tooth preparation on microleakage behavior.

Many factors contribute to the microleakage of a restoration. One of the more important is the method of cavity preparation. This study compared the microleakage behavior of composite restorations placed in cavities prepared by different techniques. It also compared and correlated the microleakage data produced by an electrochemical vs a staining technique. Class V cavities were prepared in 48 premolars by four techniques: (1) tungsten carbide bur in a high-speed handpiece followed by acid etching; (2) air abrasion (27 microns Al2O3) followed by acid etching; (3) air abrasion (50 microns Al2O3) and (4) air abrasion (27 microns Al2O3), with n = 12 in each group. All teeth were restored with Prime and Bond 2.1 and Tetric Flow, then thermocycled between 5 degrees and 55 degrees C for 5000 cycles with a one minute dwell at each temperature. After thermocycling, a PVC-covered Cu wire was inserted apically into the pulp chamber of each tooth and sealed into position. Leakage was continuously followed by a conductimetric method for 75 days. The teeth then were immersed in 50% AgNO3 for two hours, rinsed in distilled water for 60 seconds, then placed in a rapid photographic developer solution for two hours, followed by rinsing and sectioning for microscopic examination. Electrochemical data were examined by ANOVA and Newman-Keuls multiple comparison tests, while Kruskal-Wallis and Rank Sum Difference tests were used on the staining evaluations. Spearman's rho test was used to correlate the two test techniques. Electrochemical data for cavities prepared with a bur or air abrasion followed by acid etching prior to restoration showed significantly less (p < or = 0.05) microleakage (mean leakage currents of 1.89 & 1.57 microA, respectively) than teeth prepared with air abrasion alone (mean leakage currents of 3.60 & 3.40 microA, respectively). Rank sum AgNO3 staining data (196 & 242 vs 371 & 368) supported these findings. The correlation between the electrochemical and staining data was significant (p < or = 0.05) for all four groups of test specimens.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1993

Dentinal surface roughness: a comparison of tooth preparation techniques.

Standardization of prepared dentinal surfaces for in vitro investigations is needed for evaluation of luting and bonding agents. Forty-eight intact, noncarious human molars were prepared either with silicon carbide paper mounted on a circular grinder or with carbide bur or a diamond mounted in a dental handpiece, and the dentinal surfaces were analyzed in a profilometer for surface roughness. The results were computed with a parametric ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test. The dentinal surfaces prepared by Brasseler super coarse, coarse, medium, and Premier coarse diamonds by use of a high-speed dental handpiece with water spray were statistically different (p < 0.0001) but closely resembled a dentinal surface prepared by a 60-grit silicon carbide abrasive on a circular grinder. The fine diamonds resembled a prepared dentinal surface similar to a spectrum of SiC papers from 60 to 120 grits, whereas the carbide burs appeared to create various surfaces, depending on the manufacturer.

Carbon↗