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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The reproducibility and comparability of tests of the peripheral chemoreflex: comparing the transient hypoxic ventilatory drive test and the single-breath carbon dioxide response test in healthy subjects.

Both the transient hypoxic ventilatory drive test and the single-breath carbon dioxide (CO2) response test have been used to assess peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity. We tested their comparability in 14 healthy adults (10 men, aged 31-73 years, mean 55.4 years). The within-subject reproducibility of both tests was also assessed (n = 7 for each). The mean transient hypoxic ventilatory response was 0.287 +/- 0.0591 min-1 (%Sao2)-1 (mean +/- SEM, range 0.018- 0.718) and single-breath CO2 response was 0.276 +/- 0.0411 min-1T-1 (range 0.081-0.501). Both tests were reproducible with a mean coefficient of variation of 20.1% and 17.7%, respectively. There was, however, no significant correlation between the results of the transient hypoxic and single-breath CO2 tests when data were compared by linear regression analysis (r = 0.23, P = 0.43), suggesting that separate pathways of the peripheral chemoreflex existed for hypoxia and hypercapnia, respectively, and that these tests were specific for each. The authors conclude that these tests are reproducible but need to be used in combination for an adequate assessment of the peripheral chemoreflex.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Testing of total hip replacements: endurance tests and stress measurements. Part 1: Endurance tests.

This is a paper in two parts. Part 1 gives details of fatigue tests carried out on Howse II hip prostheses. Three types of tests were carried out in accordance with three different draft test standards. Standard (I) was BSI DD91: 1984 in which the load range is 0.3-4.1 kN and the antero-posterior offset angle is 15 degrees. Standard (II) was BSI DD91: 1986 where the load range is 0.3-2.3 kN and the offset angle is 9 degrees. Standard (III) was ISO/DP 7206/3 in which the load range is 0.3-4.1 kN and the offset angle is 0 degrees. Four specimens were tested according to each standard. It was found that all the specimens tested according to standard (I) failed by fatigue after less than 6 x 10(5) cycles. All the specimens tested according to standards (II) and (III) withstood 5 x 10(6) cycles without failure. It is clear that the offset angle has an important influence on the fatigue life of the prosthesis. It is concluded that tests according to standard (I) are too severe, while tests according to standards (II) and (III) are either adequate or lax. This led to Part 2 of the investigation where the stresses in the prostheses were measured and calculated.

Hip Prosthesis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative evaluation of a latex agglutination test, two Elisa tests and a Western blot test for the serodiagnosis of human trichinellosis].

Serology is a helpful test for the diagnosis of human trichinellosis because clinical signs of this disease (fever and myalgias) are non specific. A lot of techniques have been studied but very few are commercialized and have been comparatively evaluated. We report here the performances of 4 commercially available kits: two Elisa tests, one western blot test & one latex agglutination test. The specificity and sensitivity of the different tests were assayed on 60 sera from patients with a proven trichinellosis and on 70 controls. The four tests had a 100% sensitivity. The specificity was of 98.6% for the western blot, of 93% for the latex agglutination test and of 87 & 77% for the two Elisa tests. Cross reactions are mainly observed in patients with other helminthic infections.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1986

Pancreolauryl and NBT-PABA tests. Are serum tests more practicable alternatives to urine tests in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

Serum fluorescein and p-aminobenzoic acid were measured during a urine pancreolauryl and an N-benzoyl-l-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (NBT-PABA) test in 22 healthy controls, 17 patients with gastrointestinal nonpancreatic diseases (normal secretin-pancreozymin test), and 31 patients with abnormal exocrine pancreatic function due to chronic pancreatitis. The optimal cutoff point for separating normal from abnormal pancreatic function was after 210 min in the pancreolauryl test and after 150 min in the NBT-PABA test. The latter test was slightly less sensitive and specific than the pancreolauryl test. Serum tests seem to offer a practicable alternative to the established indirect pancreatic function tests in urine and may be used in the elderly and severely ill, as well as in outpatients in whom correct collection of the urine may be difficult.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1995

Predictive testing for Huntington's disease: risk perception, reasons for testing and psychological profile of test applicants.

In the Center for Human Genetics in Leuven, predictive DNA-testing for Huntington's disease is available as a clinical service since November 1987, initially by DNA-linkage and since mid 1993 by direct mutation analysis. The multidisciplinary approach as well as the detailed test protocol are described. The present paper gives a sociodemographic description of the test applicants, their subjective evaluation of the risk and their motives for requesting the predictive test. Major attention is paid to the personality profile of the applicants who proceeded with testing. Psychometric testing revealed that this group of test applicants did not differ significantly from the general population for most characteristics and even had a number of more positive characteristics e.g. a higher ego-strength. The latter may reflect a self-selection of a more resourceful and emotionally healthier subgroup of at-risk persons. Nevertheless psychological evaluation also has identified a number of applicants with extremely high anxiety levels and other problems, who needed extra pretest and posttest counseling. The relatively high number of withdrawals from the test programme is another indication of the importance of adequate pretest counseling.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of the latex agglutination test with the hemagglutination inhibition test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and neutralization test for detection of antibodies to rubella virus.

The ability of a rapid, latex agglutination test to diagnose rubella infection and to measure immune status was evaluated by comparison with the hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the neutralization (NT) test. The latex agglutination test accurately detected serological conversions in 74 pairs of sera representing 21 natural infections and 53 immunizations. The antibody levels of 276 sera from the general population were determined by latex agglutination, HAI, and ELISA. The correlation coefficients between the titers obtained by HAI and latex agglutination and by ELISA and latex agglutination were statistically significant. Results on 12 sera did not agree when measured by the three tests. These sera were included among the 196 specimens tested by NT. The correlation coefficient between NT and latex agglutination titers was statistically significant. There was one serum positive by latex agglutination but negative by NT, and five sera were negative by latex agglutination but had titers of 4 to 8 in the NT. The relative sensitivity of detecting antibody was greater by latex agglutination than by HAI. An additional 49 sera containing residual nonspecific hemagglutinin inhibitors were evaluated by latex agglutination and NT. The untreated sera showed no false positive reactions, and 36 of 39 NT positive sera were positive in the latex agglutination test.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1993

In vitro tests for teratogens: desirable endpoints, test batteries and current status of the micromass teratogen test.

Information from in vitro tests can be usefully used as a component of the risk/hazard assessment process. In vivo studies will be required to confirm the in vitro data. If the in vitro test system is designed around endpoints that reflect changes following in vivo toxic insult then it may be possible to modify the in vitro system to account for some of the discrepancies observed between in vivo and in vitro outcomes. When the discrepancy can be accounted for by low bioavailability in vivo, pharmacokinetic studies may be required to determine the relevance of the in vitro toxic concentrations. Reproductive hazard, especially teratogenicity, has been the subject of intensive in vitro test development. The observation of teratogenicity may affect the development of new products more significantly than any other type or category of reproductive toxicity. The micromass test, involving culture of differentiating rat embryo limb and midbrain cells exposed to test agents, may be useful as part of a battery of in vitro tests for teratogens. The most recent protocol for the micromass test is described, followed by a summary of validation and mechanistic studies confirming its usefulness. The test is robust in its transfer to new laboratories. Interlaboratory variability is small.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed2002

Computer-adaptive testing: the impact of test characteristics on perceived performance and test takers' reactions.

This study examined how specific features of adaptive tests are related to test takers' reactions. Participants took a computer-adaptive test in which 2 features, difficulty of the initial item and difficulty of subsequent items, were manipulated, then responded to questionnaires assessing their reactions to the test. The data show that the relationship between a test's objective difficulty, which was determined by the 2 manipulated test characteristics, and reactions was fully mediated by perceived performance. Additional analyses evaluated the impact of feedback on reactions to the adaptive test. In general, feedback that was consistent with perceptions of performance was positively related to reactions. The results suggest that minor changes to the design of an adaptive test may potentially enhance examinees' reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Experimental study for the development of an in vitro test for contact allergens. 2. Comparison of the in vitro sensitization test with the guinea pig maximization test for contact allergens.

We have previously reported an in vitro hapten-specific sensitization method using Pam-212 cells (in vitro sensitization test) to identify the potential effectiveness of contact allergens. In the present study, we conducted comparison studies of 11 allergens and 2 irritants in order to evaluate the method as an alternative predictive test. The guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) was developed based on the test described by Magnusson and Kligman. Our assay was carried out as follows: we treated Pam-212 cells with 13 test chemical solutions, while T cells and macrophages of BALB/c mice were cultured with hapten-conjugated Pam-212 cells for 5 days. After incubation, 10(5) T cells were stimulated with mitomycin-C-treated spleen cells conjugated with chemicals. Three days later, the [3H]methyl thymidine incorporation was counted. The results of the GPMT were in agreement with those reported in previous studies except for benzocaine. In our GPMT experiments, benzocaine was negative, but it had been classified as a moderate sensitizer in previous studies. Our assay detected extreme, strong and moderate sensitizers as previously classified by the GPMT They could be summarized as follows: three of five chemicals classified as moderate sensitizers, and 100% of strong or extreme sensitizers were detected by both the GPMT and the in vitro sensitization test. No irritants showed a positive reaction in our assay. These results support the view that the sensitivity of our in vitro test may be equivalent to that of the GPMT and may be useful as a rapid and objective allergen screening test.

Allergens↗
PubMed1979

[Comparative studies on the stability of aqueous drug solutions in the isothermal and the non-isothermal short-time test as well as in the long-time test. Part 2: The stability of aqueous tetracaine solutions in the non-isothermal short-time test (author's transl)].

A study of the hydrolytic degradation of tetracaine solutions at various pH values demonstrates that the results from non-isothermal stability testing with logarithmic rise in temperature are in good agreement with the activation energies determined, under analogous conditions, by means of the isothermal short-time test and long-time test. The range of the maximum of stability is more clearly evinced by the non-isothermal short-time test than by the isothermal stability test. The comparison of the two methods reveals that the deviation of the reaction rate constants is greater in the non-isothermal test, which is due to the calculation required for the logarithmic rise in temperature. The results obtained with tetracaine evidence that the non-isothermal stability test is an appropriate method for the rapid determination of stability parameters (e.g. stability maximum, hydrolysis velocities) in the frame-work of testing potential drugs for stability and in the optimization of prescriptions.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed1995

[Evaluation of drug sensitivities to gastric cancers by SDI test--study of quality control of SDI test by simulation test].

For the purpose to evaluate the feasibility of SDI test, a drug sensitivity test, against resected gastric cancer, a multiinstitutional study consisted of multiple institute, the 16th specified study was planned by Japanese Foundation for Multidisciplinary Treatment of Cancer. SDI test was performed individually in 15 institutes in Japan using surgically resected specimens from the patients with gastric cancer. The strict quality control was necessary to unify the method and the technique of this test in 15 institutes. Tumor bearing nude mice were delivered to each institute and the test was performed simultaneously. The data of test were sent by personal computer to Department of Surgery II Nagoya University. These data were estimated by two factors. One is the deviation of data in one institute and the other is the deviation of data among 15 institutes. This simulation test was continued through this study, 4 institutes could not pass this simulation test but the data from other three institute indicated excellent uniformity.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Correlations between immunoenzymatic test, neutralization test and fluorescent focus reduction test in rabies antibody titration].

Three methods have been used and compared for the detection and titration of antibodies in the serum of humans receiving post-exposure treatment with tissue culture inactivated rabies vaccines: mouse seroneutralization test, fluorescent focus reduction test and immunoenzymatic test. Results have shown that the fluorescent focus reduction test has a sensitivity and specificity which are equivalent to the mouse seroneutralization test with the advantage of giving results in 30 hr instead of 21 days, and that the immunoenzymatic test which avoids the use of laboratory animals and/or cell cultures, and which gives results in 5 hr, may advantageously replace the neutralization methods, particularly for the testing of large numbers of sera.

Antibodies↗
PubMed2002

Psychological characteristics of eating disorders as evidenced by the combined administration of questionnaires and two projective methods: the Tree Drawing Test (Baum Test) and the Sentence Completion Test.

The objective of this study is to examine psychological/psychopathological characteristics of eating disorders and their subtypes through a combined administration of questionnaires and projective tests. Three questionnaires (Eating Disorder Inventory - 2, Social Adaptation Scale, Southern California University Eating Disorder Inventory - Revised) and two projective tests (the Tree Drawing Test [TDT, Baum Test], and the Sentence Completion Test [SCT]) were administered to 126 female patients between the ages of 15 and 30 years, with eating disorders according to DSM-IV criteria at our outpatient clinic, and to 54 sex- and age-matched control subjects. The purging subtypes of eating disorders (anorexia nervosa - binge-eating/purging type [ANBP] and bulimia nervosa - purging type [BNP]) were clearly differentiated from the controls, both by the questionnaires and the projective tests. Compared with the controls, ANBP/BNP showed more problematic profiles across the three questionnaires, drew smaller and poorer trees in TDT to a more left location on the drawing paper, and gave fewer positive, and more negative responses in SCT. In contrast, few significant differences were found between anorexia nervosa- restricting type (ANR) and the controls, and between ANBP and BNP. As a trend, however, ANR was consistently located between the controls and ANBP/BNP across the whole questionnaires and projective tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of immediate hypersensitivity and environmental factors by intracutaneous skin tests and specific IgE antibodies in allergic children. Part 1. The annual change of immediate hypersensitivity measured by intracutaneous skin tests and radioallergosorbent test].

To evaluate the relation between immediate hypersensitivity and environmental factors, a total of 2,187 allergic children were given the intracutaneous skin tests (IC test) and specific IgE antibodies (RAST) at Kudanzaka Hospital over a period of 21 years (1967-1987). The incidence of positive IC test to house dust (HD) and Japanese cedar pollen (sugi) increased, and that to molds increased transiently in the period 1965-1975. There was no sex difference in the incidence. Asthmatic children with allergic rhinitis scored higher both in IC test and RAST than those with asthma only. The more severely asthmatic children had a higher incidence of positive IC test to HD, molds, sugi, ragweed, cat dander, silk and buckwheat (sobagara). The recent rise of in the number of allergic diseases was partly proved by higher positive IC tests to HD and sugi. The number of positive test to HD mites also increased because twice as many non-wooden houses as wooden houses, have been built since 1969, and there were 3 times as many, high-rise building in 1975 as in 1965. Pollution and the increasing area of sugi forests were also responsible for increased allergic problems.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of the relationship between immediate hypersensitivity and environmental factors by intracutaneous skin tests and specific IgE antibodies in allergic children. Part 2. The age distribution of immediate hypersensitivity by intracutaneous skin test and radioallergosorbent test].

To evaluate immediate hypersensitivity and environmental factors, 2,187 allergic children were given intradermal skin tests (ID test) and specific IgE antibodies (RAST) at Kudanzaka Hospital for 21 years (1967-1987). The incidence of positive ID test to house dust (HD) was 23% at 1 year, 50% at 2 years, 63% at 3 years and 84% at 8 years of age. The results of average positive test obtained at an earlier age in 1975 and 1985 than in 1965. Children born recently begin to have positive test scores earlier than those born between 1965 and 1969. This could be related to the recent increase in the number of HD mites. The incidence of positive ID test to Japanese cedar pollen (sugi) was 5% at 1 year, 10% at 4 years, 16% at 8 years and 30% at 15 years of age. The positive test scores were again obtained at an earlier age in 1975 and 1985 than in 1965, in the same way as for HD mites. Children born between 1965 and 1969 showed 30-60% positive rate after 13 years of age; this level was seen after 10 years of age in children born in 1975 and 1979, and after 6 years in those born between 1980-1984. This could be due to the recent increase in the amount of sugi pollen. Only Candida showed any significant rises in positive rate 27% at 1 year of age; slow increase was observed in the case of ragweed, molds, epidermals and others. No remarkable change was seen in ragweed and Alternaria at the years of examination and the years of birth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Metronidazole susceptibility testing of Helicobacter pylori with the PDM epsilometer test (E test).

The bacteriostatic activity of metronidazole against Helicobacter pylori was determined with the PDM epsilometer test (E test) and with an agar dilution test. Both methods correlated in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges (< or = 0.5- > 32 mg/l) and in the MIC 50 (E test: 1 mg/l; agar dilution test: 2 mg/l) and MIC 90 (> 32 mg/l) values. However, comparison of test results of single strains revealed that 14 out of 105 strains (13.3%) were classified as resistant by one method but classified susceptible by the other. The correlation coefficient of 0.71 also indicated a low congruence of test results. It is concluded that both methods should be used in order to ascertain all strains resistant to metronidazole.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed2000

Effect of dark test-substance pigmentation on skin perfusion assessments and effect of test technique on balsam of Peru patch-test results.

13 balsam of Peru (Myroxylon Pereirae) patch-test-positive subjects are re-tested with 25% balsam of Peru in petrolatum and with serial doses printed on polyester squares. All substances are applied with tape strips for 3, 6, 24 (1 day [D]), 48 (2D), 72 (3D) and 96 h (4D) on each subject and for 96 h (4D) with plastic foils. Tests are followed visually and with perfusion assessments from 3 h to 9 days. Results show that pigment remnants following detachment of patches affect perfusion assessments. Such effect due to pigment is supported by readings of patch tests through the petrolatum test substance while applied with transparent foils. For most reactions, good agreement is observed between the assessment techniques when peak assessment values of reactions are compared. There is inter-individual variation in perfusion with identical tests. With the petrolatum test substance, increased visible reactivity was observed when the application time was extended up to 24 h (1D), while extension of application time increased perfusion in most cases except for an extension from 24 (2D) to 48 h (4D) where decreased perfusion resulted in most cases. Dose and application time did not affect the timing of highest reactivity of reactions in most cases.

Adult↗