Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “TELEVISION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Young adult suicide and exposure to television.

Young adult suicide rates tripled following the introduction of television into the United States and Canada. To assess whether exposure to television is a risk factor for young adult suicide (ages 15-24), suicide trends were compared between the U.S., Canada, and South Africa, 1949-1985. Major increases in young adult suicide rates occurred in all three countries, even though there was no television broadcasting in South Africa prior to 1975. For the U.S., the timing of a census region's acquisition of television did not correlate with the timing of the subsequent regional increase in young adult suicide rates (r = -0.01). Nonspecific exposure to television is not a risk factor for young adult suicide. Television producers still need to be judicious in their portrayals, and discussions, of suicide on television, because of the risks of imitative suicides, particularly among the young.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Rethinking the associations between television viewing and adolescent sexuality development: bringing gender into focus.

PURPOSE: To investigate associations between adolescents' television viewing, their sexual behavior, and their perceptions of having power and control in sexual situations (i.e., sexual agency). This study incorporates results from a recent content analysis of television and attends to the different motives for and consequences of girls' and boys' sexual and relational behavior. METHODS: Adolescents (n = 703) aged 11 to 17 years from two public school districts in the Northeastern United States completed surveys assessing their television habits and sexual experiences. Survey data were combined with two content analyses, which assessed the frequency of sexual talk and behavior and the prevalence of gendered messages about sexuality (i.e., the Heterosexual Script) on primetime network television. RESULTS: Adolescents' sexual behavior and feelings of sexual agency were not associated with viewing sexual talk and sexual behavior on television, but were related to viewing the Heterosexual Script, particularly among girls. Girls who saw sexually objectified women and portrayals of men avoiding commitment more often reported less sexual agency. Girls who saw women acting as sexual gatekeepers more often were less sexually experienced and reported more sexual agency. Boys who saw men actively asserting their sexuality more often were less sexually experienced. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between adolescents' television viewing and sexual experiences depends on the type of sexual messages viewed, the sexual outcome considered, and the gender of the viewer. Parents and practitioners should learn to identify the Heterosexual Script on television and encourage young people to negotiate sexual encounters in safe and positive ways.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Personal health care services through digital television.

Personal health care has obtained increasing importance in the field of health care as the populations' age in the industrialised countries and resources available for health care remain limited. Personal health care through digital television is an exiting possibility in the realisation of new types of services answering to this demand for increased personal action and responsibility in health care. The possibilities of digital television in health care are studied in the Health Care Television (HCTV) research project of the Digital Media Institute at Tampere University of Technology. In this paper personal health care services are studied mainly from the perspective of the interactive service infrastructure of digital television. Firstly we present the general infrastructure of digital television and the different interactive service types of digital television. The usage of these service types in personal health care applications is also discussed. Finally, a web-based application based on chronic atrial fibrillation and its test use is presented. The application is used as a research platform for personal health care applications in digital television.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed2003

Parental weight status and girls' television viewing, snacking, and body mass indexes.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine whether television viewing (TVV) provides a context for patterns of snacking fostering overweight in young girls from overweight and non-overweight families. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Participants were 173 non-Hispanic white girls and their parents from central Pennsylvania, assessed longitudinally when girls were 5, 7, and 9 years old. Path analysis was used to test patterns of relationships among girls' TVV, snacking while watching television, snacking frequency, fat intake from energy-dense snack food, and girls' increase in body mass index (BMI) from age 5 to 9. RESULTS: In both overweight and non-overweight families, girls who watched more television consumed more snacks in front of the television. In families where neither parent was overweight, television viewing was the only significant predictor of girls' increase in BMI. In families where one or both parents were overweight, girls who watched more television snacked more frequently, and girls who snacked more frequently had higher intakes of fat from energy-dense snacks, which predicted their increase in BMI from age 5 to 9. TVV did not directly predict girls' increase in BMI in girls from overweight families. DISCUSSION: The results of this study support and extend previous findings that have shown that excessive television viewing and snacking patterns are risk factors for the development of overweight in children; however, patterns of relationships may differ based on parental weight status. For overweight families, TVV may provide a context for excessive snack consumption, in addition to inactivity.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed2003

Television viewing and change in body fat from preschool to early adolescence: The Framingham Children's Study.

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively examine the relation between television watching and body fat change in children from preschool to early adolescence. METHODS: In a longitudinal study, 106 children were enrolled during preschool years (mean age 4.0 y) and followed into early adolescence (mean age 11.1 y). Parents completed an annual questionnaire on the child's television and video habits. Body mass index (BMI), triceps skinfolds, and sum of five skinfolds were recorded yearly at annual clinic visits. Longitudinal statistical analyses were carried out using mixed modeling procedures to control for potential confounding by a number of factors. RESULTS: Television watching was an independent predictor of the change in the child's BMI, triceps, and sum of five skinfolds throughout childhood. Its effect was only slightly attenuated by controlling for the baseline body fat, level of physical activity (as measured repeatedly by Caltrac accelerometer), percent of calories from fat, total calorie intake, or the parents' BMI or education. By age 11, children who watched 3.0 h or more of television per day had a mean sum of skinfolds of 106.2 mm, compared with a mean sum of skinfolds of 76.5 mm for those who watched less than 1.75 h per day (P=0.007). Furthermore, the adverse effect of television viewing was worse for those children who were also sedentary or had a higher-fat diet. CONCLUSIONS: Children who watched the most television during childhood had the greatest increase in body fat over time. Healthy lifestyle education designed to prevent obesity and its consequences should target television-watching habits of children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Physical activity, television viewing and body mass index: a cross-sectional analysis from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British cohort.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate relationships between frequency of physical activity or television viewing and body mass index (BMI) cross-sectionally at six ages from childhood to adulthood, to better understand longitudinal relationships. To investigate how the relationships vary with age and gender and whether any relationships are due to confounding factors. METHODS: The 1958 British birth cohort includes all births (approximately 17 000) in one week in March 1958. BMI and physical activity frequency were recorded at 11, 16, 23, 33 and 42 y and television viewing frequency at 11, 16 and 23 y. A total of 11 109 subjects provided BMI and activity data at 42 y. Relationships between BMI and (in)activity were investigated using linear regression. RESULTS: At ages 11, 33 and 42 y in both sexes and at 23 y in female subjects, those who were more active had lower BMIs, and the relationships strengthened with age. At 42 y, the most active had a lower mean BMI than the least active, by 0.83 kg/m2 in men, and 1.03 kg/m2 in women. BMI and activity were unrelated at 16 y in female subjects, and 23 y in male subjects. At 16 y in males, the most active males had a mean BMI 0.25 kg/m2 higher than the least active. At 11 y in female subjects and 23 y in both sexes, those who watched television most frequently had higher BMIs. BMI and television viewing were unrelated at 11 y in males and at 16 y in both sexes. Relationships between BMI and activity or television viewing were largely unexplained by potential confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between BMI and physical activity changes with age. In early adolescence and in adulthood, a higher activity level, or lower frequency of television viewing was associated with a lower BMI. In later adolescence (16 y), television viewing and activity were unrelated to BMI, except for an unexpected BMI-activity relationship in males. We suspect this relationship in males is primarily due to selection effects, whereby physically bigger boys, with a larger BMI, are more likely to take part in exercise activity, and possibly also to BMI being a less accurate predictor of fatness in adolescent boys.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2002

Falling televisions: The hidden danger for children.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (USCPSC) recently has reported a significant number of injuries and deaths in the home related to televisions (TV) falling on children. To date, little is known regarding the significance of this mechanism of injury in childhood trauma. The current investigation was designed to examine the risk factors, spectrum of injuries, and operative intervention required in children injured by falling televisions. METHODS: The records of all patients 0 to 16 years of age with television-related injuries and entered in the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study (PTOS) between 1989 and 1999 were reviewed. The authors examined Glascow coma scale (GCS), injury severity score (ISS), length of hospital stay (LOS), major injuries sustained, and operative procedures performed. Fourteen of the children in the PTOS were seen at the Benedum Pediatric Trauma Center at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. In these 14 children, a review of the medical records was performed for a detailed description of the accident scenario. RESULTS: Forty-three children sustained television-related injuries during this period. Nearly 56% of these children were </= years; 60% were boys. The mortality rate was 11% with 80% of the deaths occurring in children </= years. Furthermore, these children sustained the highest ISS and LOS and lowest GCS. The majority of injuries sustained were head injuries followed by extremity fractures. Dressers and standard television stands were common supportive structures from which the television fell and injured the child. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that the majority of television-related injuries occur in toddlers (1 to 3 years) who were left unattended at home. The mortality rate was surprisingly high, especially in children </= years from subsequent head injuries. Prevention focused on improved public awareness of this danger, and modified design of the standard support structures can decrease the number of injuries, which will benefit children overall.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1998

Viewing preferences, symptoms of psychological trauma, and violent behaviors among children who watch television.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent to which children's television-viewing practices are associated with symptoms of psychological trauma and aggressive behaviors. The following three hypotheses were tested: (1) children who report watching greater amounts of television per day will report higher levels of trauma symptoms than children who report lesser amounts of television viewing; (2) children who report watching greater amounts of television per day will report higher levels of violent behaviors than children who report watching lesser amounts of television per day; and (3) children who report a preference for action and fighting programs will report higher levels of violent behaviors than children who report a preference for other types of television programs. METHOD: The study used a survey design in which an anonymous self-report questionnaire was administered to students in grades 3 through 8 in 11 Ohio public schools during the 1995-1996 school year (N = 2,245). RESULTS: All three hypotheses were supported. CONCLUSION: Heavy television viewing by children may indicate the presence of problems such as depression, anxiety, and violent behaviors; such viewing should be screened for by psychiatrists and other mental health professionals working with children.

Aggression↗
PubMed2004

Early television exposure and subsequent attentional problems in children.

OBJECTIVE: Cross-sectional research has suggested that television viewing may be associated with decreased attention spans in children. However, longitudinal data of early television exposure and subsequent attentional problems have been lacking. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that early television exposure (at ages 1 and 3) is associated with attentional problems at age 7. METHODS: We used the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, a representative longitudinal data set. Our main outcome was the hyperactivity subscale of the Behavioral Problems Index determined on all participants at age 7. Children who were > or = 1.2 standard deviations above the mean were classified as having attentional problems. Our main predictor was hours of television watched daily at ages 1 and 3 years. RESULTS: Data were available for 1278 children at age 1 and 1345 children at age 3. Ten percent of children had attentional problems at age 7. In a logistic regression model, hours of television viewed per day at both ages 1 and 3 was associated with attentional problems at age 7 (1.09 [1.03-1.15] and 1.09 [1.02-1.16]), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Early television exposure is associated with attentional problems at age 7. Efforts to limit television viewing in early childhood may be warranted, and additional research is needed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pollen counts in the television media.

Allergists routinely supply pollen counts to television stations to assist allergy sufferers and to publicize their medical practices. This investigation examined how widely pollen counts are used in television news programming. The authors telephoned the news director or a meteorologist at 121 broadcast television stations in the nation's 30 largest Designated Market Areas (DMAs). They were asked if pollen counts were included or would be included in news programming during the 1995 pollen season. At least one television station in 28 DMAs included pollen counts in news programming. All five stations in the Washington, DC, DMA aired pollen counts; however, no stations in the Pittsburgh or Milwaukee DMAs carried pollen information. Approximately 49 million television households have access to pollen counts through a broadcast television station. Because these data appear important to television stations and to the public, the authors outline four measures to assure the reliability and meaningfulness of pollen information.

Allergens↗
PubMed2004

[Some aspects of the influence of television on children in early adolescence].

Television is treated not only as a carrier of information, but first of all as a source of entertainment. From the other sites, it also carries many threats to young spectator. It is known already today, that many remittances are full of aggression. In what way does this special group of audience uses the TV remittances? This problem is analyzed in presented study. Diagnosis of problem was conducted among children attending to secondary schools. An investigative tool was a questionnaire of inquiry which included following questions: quantity of time spent in front of television set, influence of television on functioning of a child, rules of using the television at home, what kinds of televisions' offers children use, influence of television on social functioning of child (contacts with peers, with family) and influence of television on intellectual functioning of a child.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Children's television viewing and cognitive outcomes: a longitudinal analysis of national data.

OBJECTIVE: To test the independent effects of television viewing in children before age 3 years and at ages 3 to 5 years on several measures of cognitive outcomes at ages 6 and 7 years. DESIGN: Using data from a nationally representative data set, we regressed 4 measures of cognitive development at ages 6 and 7 years on television viewing before age 3 years and at ages 3 to 5 years, controlling for parental cognitive stimulation throughout early childhood, maternal education, and IQ. RESULTS: Before age 3 years, the children in this study watched an average of 2.2 hours per day; at ages 3 to 5 years, the daily average was 3.3 hours. Adjusted for the covariates mentioned earlier, each hour of average daily television viewing before age 3 years was associated with deleterious effects on the Peabody Individual Achievement Test Reading Recognition Scale of 0.31 points (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.61 to -0.01 points), on the Peabody Individual Achievement Test Reading Comprehension Scale of 0.58 points (95% CI, -0.94 to -0.21 points), and on the Memory for Digit Span assessment from the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children of -0.10 points (95% CI, -0.20 to 0 points). For the Reading Recognition Scale score only, a beneficial effect of television at ages 3 to 5 years was identified, with each hour associated with a 0.51-point improvement in the score (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.85 points). CONCLUSIONS: There are modest adverse effects of television viewing before age 3 years on the subsequent cognitive development of children. These results suggest that greater adherence to the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines that children younger than 2 years not watch television is warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Is television viewing associated with social isolation? Roles of exposure time, viewing context, and violent content.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate associations between children's peer integration and amount of time they spend (1) watching television, (2) watching violent television, and (3) co-viewing television with friends. DESIGN: Survey using nationally representative data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics-Child Development Supplement Wave 1. SETTING: Nationwide survey of families with young children performed in 1997. PARTICIPANTS: Of 3562 children, 1356 had sufficient data for inclusion in analyses (563 children aged 6 to 8 years and 793 children aged 9 to 12 years). MAIN EXPOSURE: Total time viewing television, with and without friends present, and time viewing violent and nonviolent television content. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Amount of time children spent with friends as reported in two 24-hour activity diaries. RESULTS: Viewing violent programs (but not nonviolent programs) was negatively related to time children spent with friends (aged 6-8 years, unstandardized regression coefficient [beta] = - 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI], - 0.59 to - 0.08; aged 9-12 years, beta = - 0.41, 95% CI, - 0.65 to - 0.18). More time viewing television with friends was associated with more time engaging in other activities with friends (aged 6-8 years, beta = 0.98, 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.36; aged 9-12 years, beta = 1.03, 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.34). CONCLUSIONS: The more time that children spent viewing violent programs, the less time they spent with their friends. While this study cannot determine the direction of effects for this relationship, a cyclical process between violent media and peer integration best explains the findings. To optimize social development and mental health, children's access to violent media should be limited.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

Parental weight status as a moderator of the relationship between television viewing and childhood overweight.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether and to what extent the relationship between television viewing and children's weight status differs according to parental weight status. DESIGN: Population-level survey including in-home and telephone interview components. SETTING: United States. PARTICIPANTS: Representative sample of children aged 6 to 19 years in 2002 (n = 1483). MAIN EXPOSURE: Hours of television viewing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Child weight status (normal weight, at risk for overweight, overweight) as defined by current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention standards. RESULTS: Parental obesity increased the risk of child overweight for all of the children except boys aged 6 to 9 years. There were significant interactions between television viewing hours and parental obesity among boys aged 14 to 19 years and girls aged 10 to 13 years. For these 2 groups, the odds of overweight status increased with viewing hours for children with at least 1 obese parent but not at all for children of normal-weight parents. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that when parental obesity is taken into account, television viewing hours do not significantly relate to increased odds of childhood overweight, and parental body mass index may serve to moderate the relationship between television viewing and child weight status among adolescents (but not among younger children). Further examination of the moderating effect of parental body mass index on the relationship between television viewing and child weight status is warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

A content analysis of health and physical activity messages marketed to African American children during after-school television programming.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the number of food advertisements African American children are exposed to during children's television programming aired on predominantly African American and general television stations. DESIGN: A content analysis was conducted to identify and analyze the health-related content (HRC) and physical activity-related content (PARC) of food advertisements shown during children's television programming. SETTING: Three sets of television advertisements from 3 stations (Black Entertainment Television, The WB [Warner Bros], and Disney Channel) served as the sample during a 1-week period in July 2005 (July 11-15), from 3 pm to 9 pm. RESULTS: In total, 1098 advertisements were recorded, with 256 food and beverage commercials used for this study. Results indicate that 36.3% of all commercials were based on fast food restaurants, 31.3% were for drinks, 16.8% were for candy, 13.7% were for cereals, and 2.0% were for snacks (percentages do not total 100 because of rounding). Compared with The WB and Disney Channel, Black Entertainment Television had significantly (P=.001) more food and beverage advertisements. Few HRC or PARC advertisements were shown. Of 256 food and beverage commercials, only 8.2% contained HRC and 9.4% had PARC. Also, the HRC and PARC scenes contained messages that were implied vs explicitly talking about the health or physical benefits of the product. CONCLUSIONS: African American children are overexposed to numerous types of food and beverage advertisements. These advertisements do not provide an adequate level of positive HRC and PARC messages. Consequently, the messages that are portrayed may undermine efforts to teach African American children about the importance of healthy living and physical activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

CONTEXT: Physical inactivity contributes to weight gain in adults, but whether this relationship is true for children of different ethnic groups is not well established. OBJECTIVE: To assess participation in vigorous activity and television watching habits and their relationship to body weight and fatness in US children. DESIGN: Nationally representative cross-sectional survey with an in-person interview and medical examination. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Between 1988 and 1994, 4063 children aged 8 through 16 years were examined as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic blacks were oversampled to produce reliable estimates for these groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Episodes of weekly vigorous activity and daily hours of television watched, and their relationship to body mass index and body fatness. RESULTS: Eighty percent of US children reported performing 3 or more bouts of vigorous activity each week. This rate was lower in non-Hispanic black and Mexican American girls (69% and 73%, respectively). Twenty percent of US children participated in 2 or fewer bouts of vigorous activity perweek, and the rate was higher in girls (26%) than in boys (17%). Overall, 26% of US children watched 4 or more hours of television per day and 67% watched at least 2 hours per day. Non-Hispanic black children had the highest rates of watching 4 or more hours of television per day (42%). Boys and girls who watch 4 or more hours of television each day had greater body fat (P<.001) and had a greater body mass index (P<.001) than those who watched less than 2 hours per day. CONCLUSIONS: Many US children watch a great deal of television and are inadequately vigorously active. Vigorous activity levels are lowest among girls, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans. Intervention strategies to promote lifelong physical activity among US children are needed to stem the adverse health consequences of inactivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT: Some observational studies have found an association between television viewing and child and adolescent adiposity. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of reducing television, videotape, and video game use on changes in adiposity, physical activity, and dietary intake. DESIGN: Randomized controlled school-based trial conducted from September 1996 to April 1997. SETTING: Two sociodemographically and scholastically matched public elementary schools in San Jose, Calif. PARTICIPANTS: Of 198 third- and fourth-grade students, who were given parental consent to participate, 192 students (mean age, 8.9 years) completed the study. INTERVENTION: Children in 1 elementary school received an 18-lesson, 6-month classroom curriculum to reduce television, videotape, and video game use. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in measures of height, weight, triceps skinfold thickness, waist and hip circumferences, and cardiorespiratory fitness; self-reported media use, physical activity, and dietary behaviors; and parental report of child and family behaviors. The primary outcome measure was body mass index, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. RESULTS: Compared with controls, children in the intervention group had statistically significant relative decreases in body mass index (intervention vs control change: 18.38 to 18.67 kg/m2 vs 18.10 to 18.81 kg/m2, respectively; adjusted difference -0.45 kg/m2 [95% confidence interval [CI], -0.73 to -0.17]; P = .002), triceps skinfold thickness (intervention vs control change: 14.55 to 15.47 mm vs 13.97 to 16.46 mm, respectively; adjusted difference, -1.47 mm [95% CI, -2.41 to -0.54]; P=.002), waist circumference (intervention vs control change: 60.48 to 63.57 cm vs 59.51 to 64.73 cm, respectively; adjusted difference, -2.30 cm [95% CI, -3.27 to -1.33]; P<.001), and waist-to-hip ratio (intervention vs control change: 0.83 to 0.83 vs 0.82 to 0.84, respectively; adjusted difference, -0.02 [95% CI, -0.03 to -0.01]; P<.001). Relative to controls, intervention group changes were accompanied by statistically significant decreases in children's reported television viewing and meals eaten in front of the television. There were no statistically significant differences between groups for changes in high-fat food intake, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness. CONCLUSIONS: Reducing television, videotape, and video game use may be a promising, population-based approach to prevent childhood obesity.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed1999

Characteristics associated with exposure to and participation in a televised smoking cessation intervention program for women with high school or less education.

OBJECTIVES: This paper estimates the prevalence of exposure to and participation in a televised smoking cessation intervention targeting women with high school or less education and describes characteristics related to exposure and participation. METHODS: A random sample of the population of female smokers with high school or less education in the Chicago metropolitan area was used to estimate the prevalence of exposure to a targeted smoking cessation intervention with television and booklet components (n = 722). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine characteristics related to exposure to each component and participation, defined as simultaneous use of both components, in a sample of population and registrants combined (n = 1,727). RESULTS: About one of every four women in the target population either saw the television series or called for the booklet (24.5%); 17.5% saw the television series, 9.4% called for the booklet, and 2.4% both saw the television series and called for the booklet. Independent predictors of booklet exposure were black, older age, annual income $40,000 or less, heavier smoking, and higher stage of readiness to quit. Adjusting for booklet exposure, independent predictors of television exposure were older age and nonblack. Independent predictors of participation were black, older age, and higher stage of readiness to quit. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention reached a substantial portion of low-educated female smokers. Women who were older, black, or at higher stages of readiness to quit were most likely to be exposed and to participate. Heavier smokers or lower income women were most likely to be exposed but not necessarily to participate.

Adult↗