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Results for “State v. Northern”

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PubMed1989

Chromosomal localization and expression of CBS1, a translational activator of cytochrome b in yeast.

Translation of mitochondrial cytochrome b RNA in yeast requires the product of the nuclear gene CBS1, a 27.5 kDa soluble mitochondrial protein. In this paper we show that the CBS1 gene is located on chromosome IV immediately adjacent to COX9, the gene coding for cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa. CBS1 is transcribed as a very low abundant 900 b RNA. Transcription starts at a single position 101 bp upstream of the CBS1 initiation codon. At positions -39 to -27 of its leader sequence it contains a small open reading frame of 4 codons. By monitoring the beta-galactosidase activity of a CBS1/lacZ fusion construct we show that expression of CBS1 is subjected to regulation by oxygen and by glucose: the beta-galactosidase activity is elevated threefold in glycerol or galactose grown cells compared to that in glucose grown cells. A further threefold reduction of the activity is observed in anaerobically grown cells. In accordance with this result is the observation that the steady-state level of CBS1 mRNA of anaerobically grown cells is ninefold lower than that of aerobically cultured cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Induced abortion: an historical overview.

"This article provides a brief history of abortion worldwide, as well as a discussion of the historical practice and prevalence of abortion in the United States, including the development of American public policy toward abortion until 1973 when Roe v Wade was decided."

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1989

Suppression of prolactin gene expression in GH cells correlates with site-specific DNA methylation.

Prolactin- (PRL) producing and nonproducing subclones of the GH line of (rat) pituitary tumor cells have been compared to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of PRL gene expression. Particular emphasis was placed on delineating the molecular basis of the suppressed state of the PRL gene in the prolactin-nonproducing (PRL-) GH subclone (GH(1)2C1). We examined six methylatable cytosine residues (5, -CCGG- and 1, -GCGC-) within the 30-kb region of the PRL gene in these subclones. This analysis revealed that -CCGG-sequences of the transcribed region, and specifically, one in the fourth exon of the PRL gene, were heavily methylated in the PRL-, GH(1)2C1 cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of PRL gene expression in GH(1)2C1 was reversed by short-term treatment of the cells with a sublethal concentration of azacytidine (AzaC), an inhibitor of DNA methylation. The reversion of PRL gene expression by AzaC was correlated with the concurrent demethylation of the same -CCGG- sequences in the transcribed region of PRL gene. An inverse correlation between PRL gene expression and the level of methylation of the internal -C- residues in the specific -CCGG-sequence of the transcribed region of the PRL gene was demonstrated. The DNase I sensitivity of these regions of the PRL gene in PRL+, PRL-, and AzaC-treated cells was also consistent with an inverse relationship between methylation state, a higher order of structural modification, and gene expression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-uptake and expression of phospholamban in left ventricular myocardium of dogs with heart failure.

The purpose of this study was to examine the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-uptake and the expression of phospholamban (PLB) and Ca(2+)-ATPase (CAA) in left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) myocardium of 6 normal (NL) dogs and 6 dogs with chronic heart failure (HF). In addition, gene expression of PLB and CAA was also examined in LV myocardium of NL and HF dogs. HF (LV ejection fraction 23+/-2%) was produced by multiple sequential intracoronary microembolizations. Oxalate-dependent Ca(2+)-uptake was measured in isolated membrane vesicles. Using specific dog myocardial monoclonal antibody, the expression of CAA, PLB and calsequestrin (CSQ) were measured in sodium dodecyl sulfate extract prepared from LV and RV tissue. Steady-state mRNA levels were determined by Northern hybridization using specific cDNA clones of PLB, CAA, CSQ, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH), a house keeping gene. SR Ca(2+)-uptake of NL and HF dogs increased with increasing Ca(2+)concentrations and reached a plateau at 3 microm in both LV and RV. Total capacity (134+/-9 v 224+/-10 nmol(45)Ca/mg protein/10 min, P<0.05) and maximal velocity (15+/-2 v 2 nmol(45)Ca/mg protein/min, P<0.05) of the SR to sequester Ca(2+)was significantly lower in LV myocardium of HF dogs compared to NL, whereas the Hill coefficient and the affinity of the Ca(2+)-pump for Ca(2+)were unchanged. LV tissue levels of the PLB and CAA, normalized to noncollagen protein or to CSQ and the PLB and CAA mRNA levels, normalized to CSQ or GADPH mRNA, were also significantly lower in HF dogs compared to NL. In RV myocardial tissue, no significant differences in total capacity of SR to sequester Ca(2+), maximal velocity of SR Ca(2+)-uptake, the affinity and Hill Coefficient of the Ca(2+)-pump for Ca(2+), or tissue levels of PLB and CAA were observed between NL dogs compared to HF dogs. We conclude that SR Ca(2+)-uptake and SR PLB and CAA protein and gene expression levels are reduced in LV myocardium of dogs with chronic HF. These abnormalities can lead to Ca(2+)-overload and subsequent global LV dysfunction.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Federal statistics in a complex environment: the case of the 1980 census.

A discussion of the 1980 U.S. census is presented. The authors suggest that the taking of a national census is not just a statistical exercise, but an exercise involving ethics, epistemology, law, and politics. They contend that conducting a national census can be defined as an ill-structured problem in which the various complexities imposed by multidisciplinarity cannot be separated. "The 1980 census is discussed as an ill-structured problem, and a method for treating such problems is presented, within which statistical information is only one component."

Americas↗