Matrimonial Causes Act 1989 (No. 2 of 1989), 6 January 1989.
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This Law makes the following changes, among others, with respect to the regulation of divorces: a) a period of three years' separation is provided in all cases as a ground for divorce; b) transsexuality is a ground for divorce if recognized by a court; c) a woman loses her husband's surname unless she or her children would be adversely affected if she reverted to using her unmarried name; d) payment for maintenance in a lump sum and an automatic increase in maintenance to account for inflation can be ordered by a court; e) entitlement to pensions and welfare is now divided upon divorce; and f) a new form of alternation of parental responsibilities and custody is introduced.
BACKGROUND: With the emerging focus on home-based care, there is an increasing demand on spouses to look after their chronically ill partners at home. The theoretical aspects of caring have been much discussed in the literature, but the pragmatic aspects have received less attention. Carer stress has been explored, but little has been written about the meaning of caring to informal carers. AIM: The aim of this paper is to report one of the major themes that emerged from a study conducted between 1998 and 1999 to explicate the meaning of caring from the perspective of spousal carers for people with multiple sclerosis in order to shed light on and understand the challenges and demands these carers encountered. METHODOLOGY: An interpretive phenomenological approach was used to describe spousal carers' experiences of caring for their partner. Ten spousal carers of people with multiple sclerosis participated. Data were collected through unstructured in-depth interviews and analysed by the method of hermeneutic analysis. FINDINGS: This paper presents one of the major themes identified: 'caring as worrying'. While the meaning of caring that emerged from this theme supports many of the philosophical understandings of caring as discussed in the literature, worrying as a care responsibility provides a further insight. Caring as worrying describes caring as a complex emotional relationship of responsibility in these participants. They worried about their partners, their relationships with their partners and their future. They also worried about their own health, institutional care, and lack of government support. CONCLUSION: Spousal carers' worries have significant implications for health care professionals. The findings provide insight into the concerns and worries the carers of people with multiple sclerosis face when caring for their chronically ill partners at home.
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This Decree, which came into force on 26 March 1984, makes the following changes in the Civil Code of the Federal District of Mexico: 1) nonmarital life partners have a right to inherit from one another if they have lived together for five years or have common children; 2) such life partners are responsible for the support of each other; 3) marriage may be dissolved on a no fault basis after two years' marriage; 4) the custody of children upon divorce is to be determined on the basis of what is best for the child, without consideration of which spouse is at fault; 5) upon divorce, the wife has the right to support for a period equal to the length of the marriage if her own income is insufficient to support herself and she has not entered into any marital or similar relationship; and 6) upon divorce, the husband has the same right if he is unable to work and his own income is not sufficient to support himself.
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Psychological distress, as expressed through symptoms of depression, was studied in a cross-sectional sample of parents providing homecare to developmentally disabled children. Mothers and fathers were interviewed separately in 73 households. The intent of the study was to explore predictors of symptoms of depression to better understand what child, family and life circumstances might be differentially related to psychological stress in the cohorts of men and women. Hierarchical regression analyses showed similar levels of variance explained in depression of mothers (42%) and fathers (40%). Mothers with younger children, and fathers with male children, appeared to be at higher risk for depression. Personal or intra-psychic coping resources (self-esteem), and strong-tie social support resources (spousal relationship) were found to be significant predictors of depression in both mothers and fathers. Informal respite resources were related to mothers' well-being.