Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Spectinomycin”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Spenolimycin, a new spectinomycin-type antibiotic. I. Discovery, taxonomy and fermentation.

Spenolimycin, a new spectinomycin-type antibiotic, was discovered in the fermentation broth of a new actinomycete named Streptomyces gilvospiralis sp. nov. strain AB634D-177. Although a small amount of spectinomycin is coproduced by strain AB634D-177, the culture is different from other known spectinomycin-producing actinomycetes. Spenolimycin was obtained by conventional submerged culture in 14-liter fermentors with a peak antibiotic titer of 140 micrograms/ml.

Fermentation↗
PubMed1986

Susceptibility of bacteria to serum lysis or phagocytosis following growth in subinhibitory levels of lincosaminide or spectinomycin related antibiotics.

The effects of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PML) and serum killing of Staphylococcus aureus 502A (UC 9116) and Escherichia coli UC 9451 were studied. Exposure of these bacteria to subinhibitory levels of certain lincosaminides, spectinomycin, or 6'-n-propylspectinomycin altered their susceptibility to these host defense mechanisms, while exposure to gentamicin had no effect. However, each organism responded differently to treatment with the antibiotics. S. aureus pretreated during log phase growth with subinhibitory concentrations of clindamycin, lincomycin, or pirlimycin was more susceptible to killing by PMLs than untreated bacteria. No effect on phagocytic killing was found when S. aureus was pretreated with spectinomycin, 6'-n-propylspectinomycin, or gentamicin. The S. aureus remained resistant to serum lysis despite antibiotic treatment. In contrast, spectinomycin and 6'-n-propylspectinomycin as well as clindamycin dramatically increased the susceptibility of E. coli to serum lysis (greater than 99% destroyed). Moderate killing of E. coli by PMLs was also found.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

[Spectinomycin. Indications and undesirable effects].

Modern chemotherapy postulates highly active drugs without unwanted side effects. In the treatment of gonorrhea spectinomycin meets even the strictest requirements: maximal obtainable cure rates, no masking of concomitant syphilitic infections, and excellent tolerance. In animal experiments no sensitizing effect of spectinomycin was found even when maximation procedures were applied. Anaphylactoid activity of spectinomycin is low, as has been documented by personal investigational series.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1978

Nuclear mutation increases streptomycin and spectinomycin sensitivity in Chlamydomonas.

A spontaneously arising nuclear mutation, ss-1, has been identified in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that decreases both streptomycin and spectinomycin resistance levels about 10-fold after its introduction into all wild-type, streptomycin-resistant and spectinomycin-resistant strains examined. The mutations for resistance map to nuclear and uniparentally inherited (chloroplast) loci. In contrast, no modification of erythromycin resistance was detected after introducing ss-1 into wild-type strains or into strains carrying nuclear or uniparentally inherited erythromycin-resistance mutations. We suggest that ss-1 affects the small subunit of the chloroplast ribosome because others have shown that streptomycin and spectinomycin resistance in C. reinhardtii are associated with this subunit, whereas erythromycin resistance is associated with the large subunit. ss-1 shows no linkage with the nuclear locus for streptomycin resistance.

Chlamydomonas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spectinomycin-resistant gonococci in Thailand.

The incidence of resistance to spectinomycin was determined in 3,200 isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from male and female patients at four venereal disease clinics in Thailand. Susceptibility of the isolates was tested on disks containing 100 micrograms of spectinomycin. There was no evidence of spectinomycin resistance (a zone of inhibition of less than or equal to 18 mm in diameter); the diameter of the inhibitory zone was 19 to 23 mm in 10.9% of the isolates, 24 to 28 mm in 53.7%, 29 to 33 mm in 31.3%, 34 to 38 mm in 4.1%, and 39 mm in 0.05%. The results were similar in the male and female patients.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1986

Drug residues in milk after intrauterine injection of oxytetracycline, lincomycin-spectinomycin, and povidone-iodine in cows with metritis.

A study was conducted to document the maximum retention times of antimicrobial residues in milk after their use in intrauterine treatment of metritis in lactating cows and to evaluate several risk factors hypothesized to influence the retention time of these drugs. Oxytetracycline (3 g), lincomycin-spectinomycin (2 g of one-third lincomycin and two-thirds spectinomycin), or povidone-iodine (6 g) were given to cows with metritis by intrauterine route. The Bacillus stearothermophilus var calidolactis disk assay was performed on each milk sample. Of the 61 cows treated with oxytetracycline, 30 had residues in their postinjection milk for variable periods (range, 12.5 to 44.0 hours; mean, 26.6 +/- 10.3). Of the 47 cows treated with lincomycin-spectinomycin, 17 had residues in their postinjection milk for various periods (range, 14.5 to 24 hours; mean, 19.5 +/- 8.9). Povidone-iodine was not detected in milk. Because a high number of cows (n = 61) were treated with oxytetracycline, only data from these cows were used in testing the influence of 3 factors (severity of metritis, time after parturition when cows with metritis were treated, and parity) on maximum retention of the drug in milk. Severity of metritis did not have a significant influence (P greater than or equal to 0.1) on the maximum retention time of the drug. The retention time decreased linearly with the increase of time after parturition when the cow with metritis was treated. First lactation cows had a significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) shorter retention time than did older cows.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Re-evaluation of single-dose treatment with thiamphenicol and spectinomycin of uncomplicated male gonococcal urethritis].

Gonococcal urethritis being highly contagious, the ideal treatment should be effective, well tolerated and relatively cheap. Among antibiotics fulfilling these conditions, thiamphenicol and spectinomycin are widely used throughout the world and particularly in France. However, the ever increasing incidence of infections caused by penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains, the growing number of strains with low sensitivity to penicillin and/or other antibiotics and the recent emergence of strains that are highly resistant to penicillin make it necessary from time to time to re-evaluate the main therapeutic approaches to gonococcal urethritis. In this study thiamphenicol and spectinomycin were compared for effectiveness as single-dose treatments of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in 207 male patients who consulted at the Clinical and Biological Centre for Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, during April and May, 1985. Prior to the trial the patients had not received antibiotics for at least 2 weeks. They were allocated at random to two therapeutic groups: 89 patients received a single 2.5 g dose of thiamphenicol orally, and 84 patients received a single 2 g dose of spectinomycin by intramuscular injection. In every case the gonococcal origin of the urethritis had been confirmed by culture. The patients were examined 3 to 7 days after treatment for clinical and bacteriological evaluation. Specimens were cultivated on agar-blood medium, and N. gonorrhoeae was also identified by biochemical and antigenic reactions. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the two antibiotics were determined by the agar plate dilution method, using an agar nutrient medium. The possible production of beta-lactamase and the auxotypic and plasmidic profiles of the PPNG strains were investigated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1974

Treatment of gonorrheal urethritis with spectinomycin hydrochloride.

One hundred and eighty-seven males with uncomplicated gonorrheal urethritis were treated with spectinomycin hydrochloride in a dosage of 2 g. given intramuscularly. A failure rate of 3.2% was observed and no complications of therapy were encountered. In addition, 310 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were tested for susceptibility to penicillin G and spectinomycin. All strains were sensitive to 20 mug./ml. of spectinomycin and this susceptibility appeared to decrease as penicillin resistance increased. A greater incidence of relative resistance to penicillin G was observed than in similar studies from other Canadian areas.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1995

Serum concentrations and tissue residues of spectinomycin in chickens.

Following a single intramuscular injection of 40 mg spectinomycin/kg.b.wt. in normal chickens, a maximum serum concentration was recorded at one hour, with half-lives of absorption [t0.5(ab)] and elimination [t0.5(beta)] valued with 0.21 h and 3.27 h respectively. Following a single intravenous injection of 40 mg spectinomycin/kg b. wt. in normal chickens, the drug obeyed a three compartments open model. The mean systemic bioavailability following intramuscular injection was 3.72 %. The highest serum concentration of spectinomycin was achieved after one hour post each intramuscular dose during multiple dosage regimen. Serum and tissue concentrations of spectinomycin in slaughtered normal chickens following repeated intramuscular administration, three times daily for five consecutive days were investigated. In the present study, spectinomycin was bound in vitro with normal chicken serum protein at a level equal to 5.4 %.

Animals↗
PubMed1965

Inhibition of protein synthesis by spectinomycin.

Spectinomycin selectively inhibits protein synthesis in cells and in extracts of Escherichia coli. Mutations to high-level resistance to this antibiotic map close to the streptomycin locus, and the site of action of spectinomycin, like that of streptomycin, is the 30S ribosomal subunit, as shown by experiments with reconstituted 70S ribosomes containing subunits from sensitive and from resistant ribosomes. In contrast to streptomycin, however, spectinomycin is not bactericidal and causes no detectable misreading of polyribonucleotides.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

Lincomycin and spectinomycin in the treatment of breeding rams with semen contaminated with ureaplasmas.

Ureaplasma species were isolated from semen samples collected sequentially from one Awassi and three Assaf breeding rams. Each ram was injected subcutaneously with an aqueous solution of lincomycin and spectinomycin for five consecutive days at a dose equivalent to 4.5 mg kg-1 lincomycin and 9.0 mg kg-1 spectinomycin daily. Serum and semen samples were collected at intervals during the treatment and assayed for lincomycin. No Ureaplasma species were isolated from semen samples collected during the course of the treatment and at intervals for 17 days after the last treatment. The concentration of lincomycin in semen ranged from 0.51 microgram ml-1 four hours after treatment to 0.08 microgram ml-1 24 hours after treatment, and these levels were three to nine times higher than the corresponding serum concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Spectinomycin resistance at site 1192 in 16S ribosomal RNA of E. coli: an analysis of three mutants.

Three different single base substitutions were constructed at residue C-1192 in 16S rRNA on a plasmid-coded rrnB operon of E. coli using site-directed mutagenesis. All 3 mutants conferred different levels of resistance to spectinomycin in transformed cells but none affected the growth rate in the absence of the antibiotic. The G-1192 mutant conferred remarkable resistance, permitting growth in 40 mg/ml of spectinomycin.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1993

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of spectinomycin in swine, calf and chicken plasma.

A rapid clean-up procedure based on ion-pair solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) determination of spectinomycin in swine, calf and chicken plasma at a limit of detection of 50 ng/ml is described. After dilution with water and adjustment of the pH to approximately 5.6, the plasma is applied to a high-hydrophobic C18 SPE column treated with sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate. Spectinomycin is eluted with methanol and derivatized with 2-naphthalene sulphonyl chloride prior to chromatography. The HPLC set-up consists of a dual-column system using two Chromspher silica columns and dichloromethane-acetonitrile-ethyl acetate-acetic acid, in different ratios, as mobile phases. Detection is performed at 250 nm. Quantification is carried out using external standards prepared in blank cleaned plasma. Mean recoveries were 83 +/- 3% (n = 5), 93 +/- 6% (n = 5) and 92 +/- 6% (n = 6) for swine, calf and chicken plasma, respectively, at the 0.1 microgram/ml level.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of spectinomycin in swine, calf and chicken plasma using post-column derivatization.

An HPLC method for the determination of spectinomycin in swine, calf and chicken plasma at 0.1 microgram/ml or higher is described. The clean-up is based upon ion-pair solid-phase extraction on a High Hydrophobic C18 column treated with sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate. After elution with methanol, spectinomycin is chromatographed on a Spherisorb SCX column using 0.1 M sodium sulphate solution (pH 2.6)-acetonitrile (80:20, v/v) as mobile phase. Fluorescence detection is at an excitation wavelength of 340 nm and an emission wavelength of 460 nm after post-column oxidation with sodium hypochlorite followed by derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde. Mean recoveries were 99 +/- 2% (n = 6), 99 +/- 2% (n = 7) and 104 +/- 2% (n = 6) for swine, calf and chicken plasma, respectively, at the 0.1 microgram/ml level.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Analysis of spectinomycin by liquid chromatography with pulsed electrochemical detection.

Until now, no LC method is described to determine the purity and content of spectinomycin without prior derivatization. A reversed-phase ion-pair LC method using a base deactivated column and pulsed electrochemical detection is described. The mobile phase consisted of an aqueous solution containing 5.8 g/l pentafluoropropionic acid, 1.25 g/l potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 5.5 ml/l tetrahydrofuran. The pH was adjusted to 6.25 using dilute NaOH solution. An experimental design was used to optimize the chromatographic parameters and to check the robustness. The quality of separation was investigated on different stationary phases. The method allows the separation of spectinomycin from its related substances as well as some other components of unknown identity. The total time of analysis is 65 min. A number of commercial samples were examined using this method.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2003

In vitro susceptibilities of field isolates of Mycoplasma agalactiae to oxytetracycline, tylosin, enrofloxacin, spiramycin and lincomycin-spectinomycin.

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of tetracycline, enrofloxacin, tylosin, spiramycin and a lincomycin:spectinomycin 1:2 combination, against 24 Sicilian isolates of Mycoplasma agalactiae, the causative organism of contagious agalactia were determined in vitro by a broth dilution method. Enrofloxacin was the most effective antimicrobial in vitro with a range of MIC values from 0.125 to 0.500 microg/ml and an MIC(50) of 0.203 and MIC(90) of 0.365 microg/ml. Using the MIC(50) and MIC(90) values the remaining four antimicrobials are ranked in order of in vitro effectiveness as follows: tylosin (MIC(50)0.292; MIC(90)0.525 microg/ml) was slightly more effective than tetracycline (MIC(50)0.296; MIC(90)0.533 microg/ml), followed by lincomycin:spectinomycin (MIC(50)0.521; MIC(90)0.938 microg/ml) and spiramycin (MIC(50)1.583; MIC(90)2.850 microg/ml). MIC values above 1.000 microg/ml were obtained using tetracycline, tylosin and spiramycin for some M. agalactiae isolates.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Determination of spectinomycin dihydrochloride by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

Spectinomycin dihydrochloride is determined by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The drug is chromatographed on a reverse-phase Nucleosil C18 column using an eluent containing 0.02 M sodium citrate and 0.0015 M octyl sodium sulfate (pH 6.10 with perchloric acid) and acetonitrile (100:4). Detection is performed using a coulometric detector (porous carbon working electrode) at +0.85 V. The drug and primary degradation product are detectable. Detector response is linear to at least 20 micrograms/ml, which is four times the assay level. The procedure has relative standard deviations of +/- 1.21 to +/- 2.72% for three lots of bulk drug. Sensitivity is greater than 0.1 microgram/ml of spectinomycin (5 ng on column). Repeatability at this level is +/- 4.94%.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
PubMed2005

Spectinomycin resistance in rpsE mutants is recessive in Streptomyces roseosporus.

Eight spontaneous mutants of Streptomyces roseosporus resistant to spectinomycin (SpcR) were mapped to distinct transversions or deletions in the rpsE gene. Most of the mutations were strongly recessive to the wild type SpcS allele. This suggests that some SpcR alleles of rpsE may be useful in a spectinomycin based counter-selection system.

Amino Acid Sequence↗