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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Physiological responses in rats fed extracts of endophyte infected tall fescue seed.

Three trials involving 184 male Sprague Dawley rats were conducted to identify the biologically active fraction of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed. In trial 1, seed infected (greater than 95%) with the endophytic fungus Acremonium coenophialum and shown to be toxic to cattle, was serially extracted with hexane, ethylacetate, and methanol, respectively. A second sample of this seed was extracted with chloroform only. Controls included a solvent treatment (spraying the various solvents on endophyte-free seed and carrying the mixture to dryness), the seed post-extraction, endophyte-infected seed and endo-phyte-free seed. Laboratory chow was mixed with all diets to provide 50% of the mix. Trial 2 examined the same treatments as trial 1 except that the chloroform treatment was omitted. Dosages 3 times (equivalent to 22.5 g seed) those used in trial 1 were applied to endophyte-free seed (7.5 g) in an attempt to accentuate any differences. Trial 3 examined the methanol fraction extracted serially, a methanol fraction extracted batchwise, and a water fraction extracted batchwise. Controls included seed residues post-extraction, solvent residue from methanol sprayed on endophyte-free seed, and endophyte-infected seed. Lowered feed intake and weight gains, and depressed serum prolactin concentrations were used as indicators of toxicity. Feed intake was lower in all three trials for rats fed the methanol fraction. In all three trials mean serum prolactin concentrations in rats fed the methanol extracts were not different from those fed endophyte-infected fescue seed. Rats fed the water extract in trial 3 had lower feed intakes than rats fed endophyte-free seed. However, rats fed the seed, post-water extraction, had serum prolactin concentrations similar to that of the negative control. Results suggest that the toxic factor(s) may be concentrated in the methanol extract.

Acremonium↗
PubMed1976

Premolar enucleation.

A study was made on 27 cases where enucleation of four first premolars was performed simultaneously without introduction of mechanical devices to influence space closure. The results suggested that: 1. Enucleation of premolars can be used to minimize the severity of crowding in arch-length deficiency cases. 2. There is no damage to the remaining teeth and alveolar process when enucleation is accomplished with good surgical technique. 3. The average amount of lingual tipping of the mandibular incisors in approximately four years subsequent to the enucleation procedure was 4.1 degrees. 4. This amount of lingual tipping compares quite favorably with the amount of lower incisor uprighting experienced during growth and could not be considered excessive. 5. The mandible does tend to rotate in a counterclockwise manner following enucleation of four first premolars without appliance therapy. This rotation was considered significant in comparison with the amount of rotation that could be expected from an untreated sample. 6. If orthodontic treatment is planned, the enucleation of the manddibular second premolars in borderline extraction cases to avoid excessive lingual tipping of the mandibular incisors would seem to be questionable. 7. Various combinations of enucleation and tooth extraction may be helpful in treatment planning. 8. With judicious timing the enucleation of four first premolars can minimize the severity of the malocclusion simplifying appliance therapy if proper diagnosis and good surgical technique are employed. 9. Although conventional serial extraction may accomplish similar ends, it would appear that enucleation would offer some advantages in terms of autonomous adjustment of the mandibular incisors and root positioning of mandibular cuspids. 10. Enucleation cases usually require fewer traumatic surgical procedures and less supervision by the orthodontist. 11. The parents should be informed that serial extraction procedures including enucleation may simplify but will not eliminate the need for appliance therapy.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1986

The neuroendocrine thymus: coexistence of oxytocin and neurophysin in the human thymus.

Immunoreactive oxytocin and neurophysin were identified and measured by radioimmunoassay in human thymus extracts. Serial dilutions of extracts paralleled the appropriate standard curves. Thymus-extracted oxytocin and neurophysin eluted in the same positions as reference preparations on Sephadex G-75. Authenticity of oxytocin was confirmed by biological assay and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. In most instances, thymus contents of oxytocin and neurophysin were far greater than those expected from known circulating concentrations and declined with increasing age. The molar ratio of oxytocin to neurophysin in thymus was similar to that found in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system, which strongly suggested with the other data a local synthesis of oxytocin. These findings indicate the presence of neurohypophyseal peptides in the human thymus and further support the concept of a neuroendocrine function integrated in an immune structure.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Case report of progenie with a congenitally missing mandibular right incisor].

The female in this case was 9 years and 9 months old at the initial visit with a dental stage of III B. The chief complaint was anterior cross bite. Diagnosis revealed a class III angle at the right side and class I at the left. The ANB angle was -3.0 degrees with mandible shifting to the left side. Tooth size was large, and a lack of space, observed, and 2 was congenitally missing. A chin cap was used for treatment to retract and inhibit mandibular growth. The anterior cross bite was corrected within two months when class I angle molar relationship was achieved and the extraction of midline was also corrected. Since the lack of space in the upper arch was about 10 mm, extraction of 5 was decided, although the assigned ANB angle improved to be -0.5 degree within one year of treatment. 3 was to replace the position of the congenitally missing 2. At the age of 11 years and 1 month, 4 was extracted to guide the eruption of 3. 4 and E were extracted guide the eruption of 3 and 5. Then 5 was extracted. As a result of these serial extractions, space closing and leveling were automatically achieved without use of the multibracket system. Good stable occlusion has been maintained up to the present age of 15 years and 8 months.

Anodontia↗
PubMed2007

Solvent partition of 14C-unconjugated bilirubin to remove labeled polar contaminants.

Polar derivatives contaminating unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) are customarily extracted with weak alkali. As UCB degrades rapidly at alkaline pH, regeneration of polar derivatives may limit purification. This problem is especially important when trying to eliminate radiolabeled contaminants from 14C-UCB. As polar derivatives of UCB should have a much greater aqueous to CHCl3 partition ratio (PR) than UCB even at neutral pH, where degradation of UCB is minimal, 14C-UCB in CHCl3 was serially extracted with an aqueous buffer at pH 7.0 to determine whether labeled derivatives could be preferentially removed. A single extraction of customarily purified 14C-UCB removed 0.18+/-0.06% of the radioactivity as labeled derivatives. Subsequent serial extractions yielded a stable, 67% lower 14C-PR with only 0.03% of radioactivity as labeled derivatives. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of phases from later extractions revealed, however, that up to 1.1% of the disintegration per minute (dpm) in CHCl3 phases and up to 50% in aqueous phases were polar impurities. HPLC of partition phases spiked with purified 14C-UCB revealed that these impurities derived from incomplete extraction of the least polar impurities and their regeneration during HPLC. In the dark under argon, 14C-UCB in CHCl3or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution degraded very slowly to polar derivatives. Extraction of impurities from a solution of 14C-UCB in CHCl3 is best done using pH 7.0 buffer, with removal of over 80% of the labeled contaminants remaining after customary purification by alkaline extraction.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1982

A longitudinal study of isolated gingival recession in the mandibular central incisor region of children aged 6-8 years.

A 2-year longitudinal investigation of isolated gingival recession was undertaken in 42 children aged 6-8 years at the commencement of the study. Gingival inflammation was controlled by supervised tooth brushing or professional plaque control. Mandibular anterior crowding considered to have contributed to the degree of recession was untreated in 11 subjects, while in 13 subjects serial extractions had been undertaken. No attempt was made to correct frenal involvement in those subjects (9) where it might have been considered a contributing etiologic factor. After 2 years, improvement in gingival contour was most apparent in those subjects whose gingival inflammation had been controlled. This was achieved more readily with professional plaque control than with supervised tooth brushing. Improvement in arch alignment and gingival contour was greater in untreated subjects than in those receiving serial extractions. WHen gingival inflammation was controlled evidence of frenal involvement declined. Control of gingival inflammation appears to be the most important factor in the treatment of isolated gingival recession in the mandibular central incisor region.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Rasagenthi lehyam (RL) a novel complementary and alternative medicine for prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in cancer has been increasing. The therapeutic modalities which originated from India, viz., Ayurveda and Siddha, have phytotherapy as their fundamental basis and, therefore, produce few side effects. They are among the most ancient medicinal systems and are still being practiced in India and elsewhere, to cure cancer and other diseases. Many Siddha practitioners in the southern parts of India prescribe rasagenthi lehyam (RL) as a drug for cancer. RL contains 38 different botanicals, many of which have been shown to possess therapeutic efficacy, and 8 inorganic compounds, all prepared into a paste in a palm sugar and hen's egg base. The efficacy of RL in killing prostate cancer cells in vitro was investigated in this study to determine whether RL could be recommended as a CAM for prostate cancer. METHODS: In order to scientifically validate the anticancer activity of RL on prostate cancer, a methanolic extract of RL was serially extracted with four organic solvents, and the extracts were tested for clonogenic inhibition and induction of apoptosis in PC-3 prostate cancer cells, with and without irradiation. n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of RL effectively killed PC-3 cells. RESULTS: The IC(50) values of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of RL were 3.84 microg/ml, 3.68 microg/ml and 75 ng/ml, respectively. All three extracts induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells. Further, all the three extracts when combined with radiation, caused enhanced effect on killing of PC-3 cells. Among the three extracts, the chloroform extract showed the most significant radiation-sensitizing effect. CONCLUSION: RL, either in its original formulation prepared under strict quality control or its chloroform extract, could potentially be an alternative medicine for prostate cancer, and also a sensitizing agent in the context of radiation therapy for prostate cancer, as a complementary medicine. A more directed study could lead to the identification of the active principle(s) in the chloroform extract of RL for use in prostate cancer therapy.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1992

Immuno-reactive and bioactive corticotropin-releasing factor in rat thymus.

Immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was identified and measured by radioimmunossay in rat thymic extract. Serial dilutions of thymic extract paralleled hypothalamic extract and synthetic CRF standard curves. CRF extracted from rat thymus eluted in the position of synthetic rat CRF on Sephadex G-25 column. Thymus-derived CRF was biologically active as demonstrated by stimulating adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion in dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells. These findings indicate the presence of authentic CRF in rat thymus, further supporting the concept of an integrated regulation of the neuroendocrine-immune responses to environmental stimuli.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A long-term study of the relationship of third molars to changes in the mandibular dental arch.

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of third molars to changes in the mandibular dental arch. The sample for this study consisted of four groups and subgroups. The groups consisted of premolar extraction treated, nonextraction treated with initial generalized spacing, nonextraction treated, and serial extraction untreated subjects. The subgroups were divided into persons who had mandibular third molars that were either impacted, erupted into function, congenitally absent, or extracted at least 10 years before postretention records. The mean postretention time interval was 13 years, with a range of 10 to 28 years. The mean postretention age was 28 years 6 months, with a range of 18 years 6 months to 39 years 4 months. Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to compare the changes over time (before treatment, at end of active treatment, and after retention) of groups and third molar subgroups. With time, mandibular incisor irregularity increased while arch length and intercanine width decreased. The eruption patterns of mandibular incisors and first molars were similarly dispersed in all groups studied. The findings between the subgroups in which mandibular third molars were impacted, erupted into function, congenitally absent, or extracted 10 years before postretention records revealed no significant differences between any of the subgroups for the parameters studied. No significant differences in mandibular growth were found between the third molar subgroups; this suggests that persons with third molars erupted into satisfactory function do not have a significantly different mandibular growth pattern than those whose third molars are impacted or congenitally missing. In the majority of cases some degree of mandibular incisor crowding took place after retention, but this change was not significantly different between third molar subgroups. This finding suggests that the recommendation for mandibular third molar removal with the objective of alleviating or preventing mandibular incisor irregularity may not be justified.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Human placental immunoreactive corticotropin, lipotropin, and beta-endorphin: evidence for a common precursor.

The concentrations and molecular sizes of immunoreactive corticotropin (ACTH), lipotropin (LPH, beta LPH plus gamma LPH), gamma LPH, and beta-endorphin (beta END) were determined in human placental extracts. Serial dilutions of a water extract of placenta generated competitive binding curves parallel with that of the standard in each assay. The concentrations of ACTH, LPH, gamma LPH, and beta END were 3.3, 0.8, 0.7, and 1.1 ng/g wet weight of tissue, respectively. A partially purified extract applied to a Sephadex G-50 column contained high Mr components with ACTH, LPH, gamma LPH, and beta END immunoreactivities. The extract was applied to an immune affinity chromatography column consisting of affinity-purified (1-24)ACTH antiserum covalently bound to agarose. The material that adsorbed to the column and eluted with buffer containing sodium dodecyl sulfate had ACTH, LPH, and beta END immunoreactivities, indicating that there was a component or components containing antigenic determinants for all of these peptides. Sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the affinity-purified placental extract revealed at least two high Mr components (Mr approximately 48,000 and 36,000) with all three immunoreactivities. These data suggest, but do not prove, that the placenta synthesizes ACTH, the LPHs, and beta END from a common precursor molecule.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1994

Extraction of amyloid-like fibrils from chronically inflamed periodontal tissues.

Immunohistological studies have established an association between the deposition of the amyloid P protein and disease status in chronically inflamed periodontal tissues. The aim of this study was to determine if amyloid-like fibrils could be extracted from these tissues. Biopsies were homogenised and extracted exhaustively in saline before serial extraction in distilled water. Electrophoretic analysis revealed the presence of previously undetected protein bands in the fifth water extraction. These were probed and were found to react with antisera to kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chains but not with antisera to mu, gamma or alpha heavy chains. Electron microscopic study indicated fibrils of 9.7 nm diameter. These bound Congo Red and exhibited green birefringence under polarised light. The results supported the presence of an amyloid-like matrix composed of immunoglobulin light chains in the lesions of chronic periodontitis. This could explain the persistence of foci of degenerate plasma cells and the paucity of granulation tissue formation in the disease process.

Amyloid↗
PubMed2005

Rehabilitation of a hemophiliac with implants: a medical perspective and case report.

A patient suffering from classical hemophilia had previous surgery for ankylosis of the right temporomandibular joint. This was replaced by a costochondral graft and an overlay of temporalis muscle. A bilateral sagittal split was performed for a micrognathic mandible and a sleep apnea problem. That procedure solved the sleep apnea; however, it resulted in a prognathic mandible and an anterior open bite. The lower anterior teeth were periodontally involved with impaired alveolar support. The restricted opening of the oral cavity of 18 mm between maxillary and mandibular centrals and the potential danger of bleeding complicated the surgical and restorative procedures. The patient was prepared medically on each of 4 occasions with factor VIII replacement concentrate, and oral antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid). The treatment of choice was the extraction of the remaining lower incisors and their replacement with an implant-supported temporarily cemented retrievable fixed prosthesis. Serial extractions and chairside temporization provided the surgeon with precise guides for implant placement, and enabled the patient to enjoy unimpaired function through periods of healing and osseointegration.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMed1989

[Early orthodontic treatment].

Several preventive procedures are recommended for the interception of early malocclusion. Therefore some important characteristics of normal dental development are mentioned. This preventive approach is focused around selected topics as forced bite, midline diastema and retarded eruption. This influence of functional disturbances on dentofacial morphology is discussed. An overview of possible therapy by the general dentist is presented for problems, aroused by thumb- and fingersucking, agenesis of upper lateral and mandibular second premolars as well as early loss of deciduous molars. Finally, the possible indications for serial extractions are examined.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Begg Medallion 1986. Dento-Alveolar Disproportion.

This case report was awarded the Begg Medallion in 1986. A lengthy period of pretreatment investigation and serial extraction culminated in the need to extract eight permanent teeth. Posttreatment retention and subsequent observation is recorded with photographic results seven years after the completion of active treatment with the Begg Appliance.

Adolescent↗