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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Toxicological evaluation of jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seed.

Diets containing 0.5, 1.58 and 5.0% jimson weed seed were fed to male and female rats (20/group) in a 90-day subchronic feeding study. The alkaloid content was 2.71 mg atropine and 0.66 mg scopolamine/g of seed. Gross clinical observations, body weights and feed and water intakes were recorded weekly. Tear production and pupil dilation measurements were made throughout the study. At 90 days, all of the animals were autopsied and clinical-chemistry analyses, complete haematology and bone-marrow evaluation for evidence of clastogenic effects were performed. Tissues from control (0% seed) and high-dose animals were examined histologically. The principal effects of jimson weed seed were: decreased body-weight gain, serum albumin and serum calcium; increased liver and testes weights (as a percentage of body weight), serum alkaline phosphatase and blood urea nitrogen. Female rats showed more marked responses to jimson weed seed than did males. In addition to the effects seen in both sexes, the females developed decreased serum total protein and cholesterol, and increased serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and chloride, red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration and packed red cell volume. No histological lesions were associated with ingestion of jimson weed seed at 5.0%. It is concluded that jimson weed seed at concentrations of 0.5% or more in the diet produced adverse physiological changes in rats.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1990

The effects of low levels of dietary toxic weed seeds (jimson weed, Datura stramonium and sicklepod, Cassia obtusifolia) on the relative size of rat liver and levels and function of cytochrome P-450.

Preliminary studies and previous work by other investigators have shown that jimsonweed and sicklepod seeds are very toxic. Such seeds and others are co-harvested and are often found mingling with commercial grain destined for human consumption. Low levels of these seeds were studied here to determine whether such levels would show signs of intoxication in rats by modulating growth, liver weight and relative size, cytochrome P-450 levels and function, and other relevant parameters proven to be sensitive to low levels of toxicants. Assessment of these factors showed that jimson weed does give indications of intoxication at low levels, whereas the highly toxic sicklepod does not give discernible indications.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

Effect of physostigmine and gastric lavage in a Datura stramonium-induced anticholinergic poisoning epidemic.

This study examines the impact of the administration of physostigmine and of nasogastric evacuation of Jimsonweed seeds on intensive-care unit (ICU) use and the length of stay in the hospital after Jimsonweed poisoning. Clinical data for this retrospective study were gathered from records of consecutive patients treated for Jimsonweed poisoning from September to November 1997. Descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test, and Student t-test were used to analyze important clinical and sociodemographic variables. There were 17 victims of the Jimsonweed ingestion epidemic, all of whom presented with an anticholinergic toxidrome 3 to 9 hours after ingestion. Reported quantities of seed ingestion ranged from a low of 7 seeds to as high as 200 seeds. Altered mentation, manifested by combative behavior, necessitated admission of 13 patients to the ICU. The administration of physostigmine did not reduce admissions to the ICU (P = 0.54) or reduce length of stay in the hospital (P = 0.45) compared with the use of benzodiazepines alone. Nasogastric lavage was performed in 14 (82%) and seeds were recovered in 8 (57%) of those lavaged. The successful removal of Jimsonweed seeds did not decrease ICU use rates (P = 0.68) or shorten length of stay in the hospital compared with not recovering seeds (P = 0.85). The use of physostigmine and the successful nasogastric lavage of Jimsonweed seeds did not result in decreased intensive-care use or shorter length of stay in the hospital for Jimsonweed-induced anticholinergic toxicity.

Adolescent↗