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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

How special is a 'special' interval: modeling departure from length-biased sampling in renewal processes.

Length-biased sampling occurs in renewal processes when the probability that an interval is selected is proportional to the length of the interval. This can occur when intervals are selected because they contain an event that is independent of the renewal process and occurs with constant hazard. For example, if the times between donations for repeat blood donors are independent and identically distributed, and if the donor seroconverts to HIV (develops antibodies that indicate infection with human immunodeficiency virus), then the interval between the last HIV seronegative and first HIV seropositive test is expected to be longer than that donor's previous time intervals between donations. We develop hypothesis tests to determine if the relationship between the typical and length-biased intervals is as expected, or if there is departure from length-biased sampling. We further develop a regression method to determine if there are covariates that explain the departure from length-biased sampling. Our approach is motivated by the question of whether there is evidence that repeat blood donors who develop antibodies to HIV or other viral infections change their donation pattern in some way because of seroconversion.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed2002

Geriatric trauma: special needs for a special population.

Pediatric patients are not just "little adults" and elderly patients are not just "old adults." The elderly patient experiences physiologic and anatomic changes that affect all body systems. Providing trauma care for the elderly presents a particular challenge. Muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, and decreased subcutaneous tissue make the elderly patient more prone to a greater severity of injury. Alterations in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems limit the physiologic reserve the elderly need to respond to hypoxia and shock. Preexisting health conditions further complicate the picture. This article highlights some of the important differences in caring for an elderly trauma patient from resuscitation to rehabilitation.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congestive heart failure performance-improvement project: special needs for special patients.

This article describes a performance-improvement project designed and implemented for Cullman Regional Medical Center's Congestive Heart Failure Disease Management Program. A large percentage of the program's clientele was either visually or hearing impaired, developmentally delayed, or illiterate. While the low-sodium diet-teaching sheet being utilized in the program prior to implementation of the project was excellent for some patients, it was not conducive to the disparities of the majority of the group. Many could not comprehend the diet sheet, making it difficult for them to be compliant to a diet necessary for disease control. The project consisted of a new, low-sodium diet-teaching sheet designed by the author and implemented over a 6-week time period. The tool was subsequently evaluated by administering a patient satisfaction survey. Outcomes and processes of the project are analyzed. Systematic evaluation of costs, data collection processes, benchmarks, and the utilization of technology are examined, as well as health and cultural beliefs of the clientele. The lessons learned as a result of implementing a simple modification to an existing teaching tool are shared.

Diet, Sodium-Restricted↗
PubMed1990

Special etiologies in the classification of epilepsy--with special reference to brain malformations.

I analyzed 18 cases of brain malformations detected by autopsy and five cases of lissencephaly diagnosed by CT scan or MRI. 1) Autopsy Cases Brain malformations were highly complicated, and many cases showed more than one type of brain malformation. Epileptic seizures were observed in 13 of 18 cases. In most cases, the seizures were characterized by infantile onset, a high incidence of tonic seizures and difficulties in controlling them. 2) Patients with Lissencephaly They all had severely retarded psychomotor development. Tonic seizures were observed in all the five patients, two of whom had a past history of infantile spasms. The EEG patterns of these patients were varied. It is thought that a relationship exists between the severity of CT or MRI findings and that of EEG findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Specialization of the specialized in features of external human brain morphology.

Recent studies have shown brain differences between professional musicians and non-musicians with respect to size, asymmetry or gray matter density of specific cerebral regions. Here we demonstrate: (1) that anatomical differences in the motor cortex can already be detected by coarse visual inspection; and (2) that within musicians, even a discrimination of instruments with different manual dominance is possible on a gross anatomical scale. Multiple raters, blinded for subject identity and hemisphere, investigated within-musician differences in the Omega Sign (OS), an anatomical landmark of the precentral gyrus associated with hand movement representation. The sample of 64 brains comprised matched groups of 16 expert string-players, 16 expert pianists and 32 non-musicians. Ratings were analysed by means of kappa statistics. Intra- and interobserver reliabilities were high. Musicians had a more pronounced OS expression than non-musicians, with keyboard-players showing a left and string-players a right hemisphere advantage. This suggests a differential brain adaptation depending on instrument played.

Adolescent↗