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PubMedDate not supplied

Intestinal tuberculosis as a cause of chronic diarrhoea among patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: report of two cases.

In Western countries human immunodeficiency virus infection is considered the main risk factor of tuberculous disease, its incidence being 500 times higher in HIV-infected patients than in the general population. Despite the disease frequently present in these patients with extraintestinal manifestations, intestinal localization is rarely observed and often as a consequence of complications such as acute gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation. The diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis is difficult and is often delayed due to the lack of specific signs and symptoms as well as the low sensitivity of routine methods. A review of the literature is made and personal experience in the diagnosis of two cases is reported.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1992

Chronic varicella zoster in a child infected with human immunodeficiency virus: case report and review of the literature.

Chronic zoster represents an infrequent presentation of varicella zoster virus infection. It is observed with increased frequency in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, especially when their lymphocyte counts are depressed. We report a child infected with human immunodeficiency virus who showed a long-standing cutaneous zoster lesion and was treated for a prolonged period of time with acyclovir. The occurrence of resistance to acyclovir by varicella zoster virus was suspected based on the clinical picture. The clinical and laboratory features of this case and a review of the literature are presented.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1997

[Cardiopathy and human immunodeficiency virus infection: report of 2 cases].

Two patients with immune deficiency virus infection and cardiac manifestation are presented. The first was admitted by encephalopathy. On the first days of hospital stay were observed episodes of supraventricular tachycardia with echocardiography normal. An initial improvement made us suppose the clinical context in relationship to toxoplasmosis. Subsequently the patient experienced neurological deterioration and pericardial effusion was evidenced. Therapeutic trials with ceftriaxone and tuberculostatics were useless. The postmortem pericardial aspiration showed signs of acute inflammation, but germs were not identified. The second case was admitted for longstanding fever. Because of epigastric pain an electrocardiogram was done, which revealed suggestive alterations of pericarditis. The echocardiography demonstrated the presence of pericardial effusion. The positive serology for toxoplasmosis, the bone marrow biopsy which showed reactivity with hemophagocytosis and the presence of myeloid metaplasia in the liver biopsy were the most relevant data. On the fifth day of hospital stay and second of the tuberculostatic treatment the patient expired unexpectedly.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Different pathohistological presentations of acute renal involvement in Hantaan virus infection: report of two cases.

We present two patients with Hantaan virus infection, admitted to the Department of Nephrology, Skopje, at the same time, with the same clinical presentation (chills, fever, abdominal pain, hemorrhages, nausea, headache, proteinuria, hematuria, oliguria, acute renal failure) but with different pathohistological findings and different disease courses. In the first case diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis was found, with a complete recovery of renal function after a month, with a mild proteinuria and erythruria during the second and the third month. In the second case, glomeruli were normal in general, with slight mesangial proliferation found in two out of twenty, but interstitial edema, lymphocyte infiltrations and tubular changes were noted. Complete recovery was not noted after 3 months of follow-up. The patient is now without hemodialysis treatment, with polyuria, in the stable phase of chronic renal failure which is not improving.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2003

Transitional cell papilloma of the penis associated with human papilloma virus infection. Report of two cases.

Condylomas are one of the most common human papilloma virus (HPV)-related benign lesions of the male genitourinary tract. Although rarely, HPV has also been detected along the urinary tract, using molecular techniques, in transitional cell neoplasms without microscopic signs of koilocytic atypia. When affecting the urethra, condylomas are usually limited to its third distal portion. However, transitional cell neoplasms of the urethra are exceptional and in most of the cases remain limited to its proximal portion. To the best of our knowledge, 12 cases of transitional cell carcinomas and only one case of typical transitional cell papilloma have been described in the anterior urethra. We report two exceptional cases of typical transitional cell papilloma of the glans of the penis near the fossa navicularis which showed microscopic signs of HPV infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Epstein-Barr virus-associated dural leiomyosarcoma in a man infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Case report.

A 35-year-old man infected with human immunodeficiency virus presented with cervical myelopathy of 2 months duration. Clinical and radiographic evaluation revealed a discrete, subdural mass at C-6. At surgery, the mass proved to have a dural attachment and thus clinically, radiographically, and grossly, it resembled meningioma. Histopathological analysis revealed a leiomyosarcoma that stained diffusely for muscle-specific actin. Electron microscopy revealed basal lamina surrounding the tumor cells and intracytoplasmic bundles of myofilaments. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was demonstrated within tumor cell nuclei by in situ hybridization for EBER1 messenger RNA and immunohistochemical staining for EBNA2 protein. Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein (LMP1) was not detected. This is the first documentation of an EBV-associated smooth-muscle tumor of the dura, and the first demonstration that tumors in this location contain EBV in an unusual form of latency not seen in lymphoid cell lines. With increasing numbers of individuals being afflicted with long-term immunosuppression, EBV-associated dural leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma may be encountered more frequently in the future.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Salmonellosis in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a report of seven cases from Malaysia.

Persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of salmonellosis when compared to the general population. We describe seven such patients with Salmonella bacteremia, of whom two had recurrent salmonellosis. In the latter two cases the infection was unusually severe, characterized by widespread infection, bacteremia and relapse, despite standard antimicrobial therapy. HIV-infected individuals will benefit from education on the source of Salmonella, mode of acquisition and prevention through safe food handling and food preparation practices. Because of the difficulty of eradicating Salmonella infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, long-term suppressive treatment with antimicrobials is warranted.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2002

Acute meningoencephalitis as initial presentation of human immunodeficiency virus infection: report of two cases.

Since the advent of pandemic of the human immunodeficiency virus infection, the possible pathogens responsible for acute meningoencephalitis have broadened. Human immunodeficiency virus itself can cause acute meningoencephalitis, and the immunocompromise associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection predisposes the infected patients to acute meningoencephalitis caused by a variety of other infectious or non-infectious etiologies. Here reported are 2 cases of acute meningoencephalitis with history of blood transfusion and travel to southeast Asia; both are positive for screening tests of human immunodeficiency virus infection. One of the pathogen causing central nervous system infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was identified by polymerase chain reaction; the other left undiagnosed. It is known that patients of human immunodeficiency virus infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome can present with acute central nervous system infection. The need for routine screening of human immunodeficiency virus antibody is currently under debate; nevertheless, the possibility of human immunodeficiency virus infection has to be kept in mind in patients with acute meningoencephalitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Characterization of rat brain cellular membrane components acting as receptors for vesicular stomatitis virus. Brief report.

The chemical nature of the binding sites for vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was studied by measuring the ability of solubilized rat brain cell membranes (SRBM) to compete with cultured cells for viral binding. SRBM significantly reduced both binding and infectivity of VSV. After separation of protein and lipid components from membranes, VSV infection was unaffected by the protein fraction, whereas the lipid moiety, specifically phospholipids and glycolipids, showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect. The essential role of phospholipid and sialic acid-containing glycolipid molecules as receptors for VSV was also suggested by the sensitivity of the inhibitory activity of SRBM and lipid components to phospholipase C and neuraminidase digestion.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

An eight-nucleotide sequence in the potato virus X 3' untranslated region is required for both host protein binding and viral multiplication.

Gel retardation and UV-cross-linking techniques were used to demonstrate that two tobacco proteins, with approximate molecular masses of 28 and 32 kDa, bind to a site within the 3' region of potato virus X (PVX) genomic RNA. The protein binding is specific, in that a 50-fold excess of unlabeled probe prevents formation of the complexes but no reduction is observed with a 2,000-fold molar excess of yeast tRNA. Complex formation is inhibited by poly(U) but is relatively unaffected by poly(A), poly(G), or poly(C-I). PVX RNA-host protein complex formation occurs in vitro at salt concentrations up to 400 mM. Deletion mapping indicates that the proteins bind within the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of PVX genomic RNA and that an 8-nucleotide U-rich sequence (5'-UAUUUUCU) is required for the binding. Deletion of the 8-nucleotide U-rich region from the 3' UTR of a sensitive PVX reporter virus that carries the luciferase gene in place of the PVX coat protein gene results in a more than 70,000-fold reduction in luciferase expression in tobacco protoplasts. RNA probes carrying the sequence GCGC in place of the central four contiguous uridines of the 8-nucleotide U-rich motif fail to bind host protein at detectable levels, and the same mutation, when introduced into the PVX reporter virus, eliminates viral multiplication. Mutations of 1 or 2 nucleotides within the same four uridines reduced both binding of host proteins and replication of reporter virus. These results indicate that the 8-nucleotide U-rich motif within the PVX 3' UTR is important for some aspect of viral multiplication and suggest that host protein binding plays a role in the process.

Gene Deletion↗
PubMed2005

The complete nucleotide sequence of hydrangea ringspot virus. Brief report.

The complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of the potexvirus, hydrangea ringspot virus, has been determined. The sequence is 6,185 nt in length, excluding the poly (A) tail, and contains six ORFs coding for proteins of 156, 26, 12, 8, 24, and 16 kDa, respectively. ORF 6 is contained within ORF 5 and in this respect the virus is similar to the potexviruses CsCMV, NMV, and SMYEV. Phylogenetic analysis of the putative products of the ORFs and signature motifs contained within these products shows the virus to be most closely related to CsCMV. A similar analysis of data for the coat proteins of potexviruses did not support the previously reported serological relationships between HdRSV and other potexviruses. This is the first complete sequence published for the genome of a potexvirus infecting a dicotyledonous, temperate, deciduous woody species.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder and treatment with protease inhibitors in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: report of 8 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients receiving protease inhibitor therapy who presented with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. METHODS: Between July 1996 and December 1999, 8 HIV-infected patients (7 male) treated with protease inhibitors who presented with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder were retrospectively identified. Diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis relied on clinical features including shoulder pain and both active and passive restricted range of motion (ROM). All available clinical and radiographic data were reviewed. RESULTS: Onset of symptoms was insidious, and at presentation, patients complained of shoulder pain, which was bilateral in 4 of the 8 cases. Physical examination showed global restriction of active and passive ROM of the glenohumeral joint. The mean delay between initiation of HIV protease inhibitors and onset of shoulder pain was 14 months (range 2 to 36). The protease inhibitor therapy always included indinavir. No underlying condition associated with secondary adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, including shoulder trauma, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, pulmonary or cardiac diseases could be identified. In all 8 patients, despite continuation of therapy with indinavir, both shoulder pain and restricted ROM completely resolved, after a mean disease course of 7.4 months. CONCLUSION: Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder seems to be a new adverse event of HIV protease inhibitor therapy. In all reported cases, patients were treated with indinavir. Further observations will be necessary to confirm adhesive capsulitis as a side effect.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Nucleotide sequence of a Japanese isolate of Squash mosaic virus. Brief report.

The complete nucleotide sequence of the RNA-1 of Squash mosaic virus (SqMV) was determined using a Japanese isolate (Y-SqMV). The sequence consisted of 5865 nucleotides excluding the poly (A) at the 3' terminus and contained a single long open reading frame with a coding capacity for a protein of Mr209971. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence suggested a genomic organization typical of comoviruses. The nucleotide sequence of the RNA-2 of Y-SqMV was also determined and compared with the SqMV isolates from the United States. The larger and smaller capsid protein (CP) coding region was compared to those of K-SqMV and Z-SqMV, which represent two subgroups of SqMV. The larger CP gene of Y-SqMV showed 93.0% and 88.0% identities with those of K-SqMV and Z-SqMV, respectively at the nucleotide level. The smaller CP gene of Y-SqMV was 94.1% and 88.4% identical with those of K-SqMV and Z-SqMV. The results suggested that the Japanese SqMV isolate (Y-SqMV) is distinct from those in the United States, and might represent a third subgroup.

Comovirus↗
PubMed1992

Nephropathy associated with infection by human immunodeficiency virus: a report on 11 cases including 6 treated with zidovudine.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was recently suggested to be involved in generating kidney lesions in HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVN). The possibility that antiretroviral agents can slow down the usually explosive evolution of HIVN to end-stage renal failure (ESRF) has not been studied in many of the series of cases published. The present work is a retrospective analysis of 11 patients with histologically proven HIVN, 6 of whom were treated with zidovudine. Seven patients (group 1) either required dialysis at the outset, when HIVN was diagnosed, or progressed very fast to ESRF within 15-45 days. Two patients of this group were treated with zidovudine, but it had no effect on kidney function. In the remaining 4 patients (group 2), HIVN progressed more slowly than in group 1. All 4 patients were treated with zidovudine at an earlier stage of the disease than ESRF. Only 1 deteriorated to ESRF in 9 months. The 3 others, who did not have ESRF, were followed up for 13, 10 and 32 months, respectively. Although this is a preliminary study, its results do suggest that zidovudine can slow down the evolution of HIVN to ESRF. They highlight the need to screen HIV-positive patients regularly for proteinuria, in order to detect HIVN by renal biopsies at an early stage of renal lesion formation.

AIDS-Associated Nephropathy↗