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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Benefits associated with a respiratory care assessment-treatment program: results of a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: During the months of July, August, and September 1993, we implemented a respiratory care assessment-treatment pilot study on the orthopedic surgery floor in our hospital. The purpose of the study was to determine feasibility and establish cost-effective treatment plans with quality patient outcomes, while maintaining appropriate communications with physicians and nursing staff. STUDY DEVELOPMENT & IMPLEMENTATION: The study's Task Force developed protocols for oxygen therapy, aerosolized medication therapy, volume expansion therapy, and bronchial hygiene therapy using the American Association for Respiratory Care's Clinical Practice Guidelines as supporting documents. Meetings were held with the orthopedic surgeons and nursing staff to inform them of the key components of the pilot program. Ten patient evaluators were trained to assess patients and implement treatment plans. EVALUATION METHODS: A reference book was established that contained the protocols and support material. Patient outcomes were evaluated using previously established quality assurance plans. The length of stay, procedural volume, and cost data were collected. EVALUATION RESULTS: More than 50% of the orders received during the pilot program were for "Respiratory Care Protocol." This allowed the patient care evaluator the flexibility to initiate one of the approved protocols if indicated. No changes in patient outcomes were noted and average length of stay remained unchanged during the pilot study compared to the base period. Treatment volumes decreased, resulting in identified cost savings of $5,318 during the study. Nurses and physicians supported protocol implementation, and increased communication among caregivers was documented. We believe that professionalism of the RCPs was enhanced without compromising the ultimate decision-making responsibilities of the physician. CONCLUSIONS: The use of respiratory care protocols is an acceptable method of developing clinically effective and fiscally responsible care plans. RCPs at our hospital were able to implement care plans that resulted in cost savings without a measured change in patient outcomes. Approval has been extended from the Executive Committee of the medical staff to expand hospital-wide.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Control of tuberculosis in relation to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Work Group at the Secretariat of the National Plan on AIDS].

On April 7, 1999, the Monographic Meeting on HIV Infection and Tuberculosis was held at the Secretariat of the National AIDS Plan for the purpose of setting out certain clinical and health care policy recommendations concerning the control of tuberculosis (TB) with regard to the HIV infection epidemic, those in attendance being listed in Appendix 1. This meeting was organized into a number of presentations of papers (Appendix 2) grouped into four subject areas, which were followed by the pertinent debates. These four areas were as follows: 1. Epidemiology of the Dual HIV-TB Infection. 2. Treatments to Combat TB. 3. TB Prevention. 4. Health Care/TB Control Programs. The papers presented regarding a review of current literature focused on the search for scientific evidence with regard to treating and preventing TB among HIV-positive patients. The rest of the papers presented were: 1) regarding epidemiological topics 2) regarding results of different TB control programs and 3) regarding the analysis of the international and national recommendations concerning TB treatments and prevent among HIV-positive patients. Following the meeting, this report has been prepared as a summary thereof and was revised by all those who were in attendance at the meeting, the goal of which is that of setting out some recommendations for health care control and clinical handling of the dual Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV infection. This report provides no systematic or sufficiently detailed review of the different topics analyzed, therefore opting with regard to the bibliography to recommend a number of brief articles and reference books as a general source for further consultation. In this report, the term of "dual" TB-HIV infection is used generally and, in others the more specific "dual TB-AIDS disease", depending upon the presence of infection or disease caused by M. Tuberculosis and also AIDS, therefore, in the latter case.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1999

[Knowledge of the "Gräfenberg zone" and female ejaculation in ancient Indian sexual science. A medical history contribution].

Ancient Indian texts in sexology (kamaśastra) from the 11th century onwards prove that their authors knew about the area later termed the "Gräfenberg zone" in Europe, as well as about the female ejaculation connected with the stimulation of this area. The Gräfenberg zone is a sexually arousable zone in the front part of the vagina, stimulation of which can lead to the discharge of liquid from the urethra, a phenomenon which is described as female ejaculation. The german gynaecologist Ernst Gräfenberg, who worked in America, described this zone, situated beneath the clitoris, for the first time (at least in this century) in Western medicine in an article published in 1950. (There are, however, evidences, that the 17th-century anatomist Regnier de Graaf had knowledge about the mentioned erogenous zone as well as female ejaculation.) Since the 1980s the so-called Gräfenberg zone, popularly termed "G-spot", and female ejaculation have been controversially discussed medically as well as in popular science, first in the United States, then in Europe; both phenomena have meanwhile been accepted as facts in medical manuals and reference books (e.g. the "Pschyrembel"). Whereas the oldest and most well-known sexological-erotological work of Ancient India, the Kamasutra, dating probably from the third century A.D., apparently did not know the Gräfenberg zone and female ejaculation, texts such as the Pañcasayaka (11th century), Jayamangala (Yaśodhara's commentary on the Kamasutra from the 13th century), the Ratirahasya (13th century), as well as the late kamaśastra-works Smaradipika and Anangaranga (16th century?) demonstrably describe both, the Gräfenberg zone and female ejaculation, in great detail. The female ejaculation is described already in the 7th century in a non-kamaśastra-text, in a work of the poet Amaru called the Amaruśataka.

Clitoris↗
PubMed1999

[The Index Pharmacorum Bulgaricus and its database--an automated drug information system].

Authors represent an unique in its structure and comprehensiveness drug information system (DIS) produced by a team of professionals in different branches of science, taking them many years of creative efforts. The basic principles on which the information has been processed and classified, as well as the respective advantages and good possibilities for the usage of this information product have been explained. The printed version of DIS is represented, too. It is the 9-volume drug guide Index Pharmacorum Bulgaricus (IPB). This reference book has found a very good acceptance among the authorities in different fields of the medicine due to the completeness, accuracy and actuality of the pharmacological information included.

Bulgaria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Transfer to nursing care of patients with problems occurred during hospital care].

The innovative experience of the participation of a Registered Nurse in the Hospital Therapeutic Committee is described. The occasion for the participation was the drawing up of the Hospital Therapeutic Reference Book. The nurse had an active role in the identification of problems related to the practical use of drugs. Problems emerged, concerning the choices of the Committee and the implications for nursing care are discussed. The nurse can have a positive impact and her/his presence in the Therapeutic Committees should be mandatory.

Decision Making, Organizational↗
PubMed2000

EMS in New Zealand.

The EMS system in New Zealand is much like the system in America. Our training programs and reference books have been developed largely from American institutions and programs. Much of our equipment is made by American manufacturers. The main difference between the two systems lies in the range of terrain that exists in New Zealand. This requires ambulance officers to be proficient in treating a wide range of cases, from a saltwater drowning victim to a ski accident injury in the mountains just 50 km away.

Ambulances↗
PubMed1975

[Various aspects on the teaching of veterinary physiology in Latin America].

The results are presented from a PAHO/WHO survey conducted in 1974 with a view to ascertaining the characteristics of the teaching of veterinary physiology in Latin America. A total of 35 schools of veterinary medicine (out of the 69 existing at the time of the survey) replied to the questionnaire sent. In addition, the authors of this article visited 17 schools in seven countries. They examined the following aspects of the teaching of veterinary physiology in the schools surveyed: placement of the program (inside or outside the veterinary school), number of students enrolled in the courses, teaching personnel, student-instructor ratio; academic organization; course content; use of laboratory animals, text and reference books, and laboratory facilities and equipment. The problems faced in the teaching of this subject in Latin America include: lack of suitable instructors and the imbalance in the student-instructor ratio, study programs not geared to the needs of the country, wide variation in the number of hours devoted to teaching, and lack of coordination between this course and other subjects. A number of recommendations for solving those problems are put forward.

Central America↗
PubMed2001

[Dentistry in antiquity].

The Etruscan gold dental appliances to women of means were a remarkable start of the application of inserted teeth. The Romans that followed paid great attention to the dental system and the poet Martialis is one of the first Roman writers who speaks clearly of artificial teeth. Celcus, with his medical writings in eminent Latin, made a nice contribution to dental surgery and some of the prescriptions and remedies of Scribonius Largus were fairly effectual. Dioskorides distributed a most comprehensive pharmacological guide presenting a great number of medical applications - some related to teeth and gums. Plinius collected a celebrated encyclopaedia on medicine and natural science crammed with all sort of facts - some absurd. The passages concerning teeth and gums has thus got a miscellaneous description of current folklore and more reliable treatments. Galenos, after Hippocrates the greatest physician of ancient times, was a prolific writer. He produced medical reference books covering all medical branches that became authoritative for nearly two thousand years and the portions of dental treatments are detailed. The Romans had a widespread interest of mouth-care with toothpicks, mouthwashes, pain relieving remedies, the use of instruments and in some cases constructions of false teeth - but no real explanation of caries.

Dentistry↗
PubMed2002

[Audit procedure of radiology reports in a hospital service].

PURPOSE: Presentation of a clinical audit of the radiology reports in our institution. MATERIAL: and methods: This audit has been performed in several steps: launching the project, elaboration of the reference book, elaboration of the protocol, analysis of the results, improvements made. RESULTS: Several dysfunctions were detected: typing errors, the lack of sentences explaining the procedure of examination, the lack of negative pertinent elements, the lack of synthesis. Several interventions were made: checking on the screen of the computer the report before signing it, purchase of personal voice recorders, restructuring the interpretation room. Other interventions are considered: structured data entry, P.A.C.S. systems CONCLUSION: This audit has allowed the modification of the process for realisation of the radiology reports and the stimulation of the medical team, thus improving the quality of our work.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sex distribution in sibships according to occupation of parents.

The relationship between sex distribution in sibships and the occupation of parents is examined to determine if nongenetic factors influence sex ratios in families of three or more children. The study is based on data for 2,759 families listed in the U.S. reference book "Who Is Who in the East", as well as additional data from "Who Is Who in American Women". It is found that "parents in aggressive, extrovert occupations are more likely to continue procreation if the first two children are both female rather than male, whereas parents in humanistic or artistic occupations are more likely to continue procreation if the first two children are male rather than female. This relationship between occupation and reproduction decreases the percentage of unisexual sibships." (summary in FRE, ITA)

Americas↗
PubMed1993

Excellent population research prize to be awarded.

In order to promote the development of population science in China, mobilize the initiativeness of demographers and more effectively serve the purpose of controlling population growth and improving the quality of human resources, the Population Association of China has sponsored an Excellent Population Research Award to encourage the demographers with outstanding achievements within the term (January 1991-June 30, 1993) of the Association. All the research staff and family planning workers with the membership of the Population Association of China as well as research institutes with notable achievements are eligible to the application for the award. The research achievements include monographs (or teaching materials), papers, survey reports, translated works, dictionaries or reference books, and softwares. For each category, 2 classes of prizes have been set, and winners are to be awarded with diplomas and money. The evaluation work will be started in September and October and concluded by the end of November 1993.

Asia↗
PubMed2002

[Evaluation of computer-aided learning illustrated by the multimedia program, "Hereditary diseases of the dog--joints, bones, musculature"].

Results are presented on the evaluation of the interactive tutorial and information system "Hereditary diseases of the dog-joints, bones, musculature" which was developed at the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and the Clinic for Small Animals at the School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, aiming to improve the problem consciousness for the genetic background of most diseases of the musculoskeletal system of the dog. It addresses veterinarians, students of veterinary medicine and also dog breeders and owners. The programme offers extensive basic information about all known hereditary diseases of the joints, bones and muscles of the dog and gives also information on symptoms, diagnosis, therapy, distribution and genetics of the diseases. The user can apply it as a reference book, as a tutorial to complete or control his knowledge or to gain a fast overview of the up-to-date knowledge. The tutorial was evaluated by students in the second and third academic year, veterinary surgeons and dog breeders. Computer assisted learning was judged as very positive by all test persons. The programme received from all test persons an average score of 2.11 +/- 0.77 on a scale from 1 (very good) to 5 (unsatisfactory). The results show that computer-aided learning can be an effective and stimulating substitution to traditional learning and learning materials.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Assessing the impact of direct-to-consumer advertisements on the AA patient: a multisite survey of patients during the office visit.

The method by which patients receive health information continues to change in this new age of increased information and technology. Long gone are the days of the mystique surrounding the physician's prescribing of a medication to cure their patients ailment. In recent years, this mystique has been replaced with more informed patients that bring their questions and concerns their doctor in anticipation of open dialogue. At the other end of the spectrum are the patients that come to the visit armed with notes, copies of Web pages, information from their home medical reference books and information heard or seen from the latest advertisements directed to the consumer about a medication for a self diagnosed disease. The majority of physicians have welcomed and encouraged patients to take on more responsibility of their health and appreciate the dialogue. This is preferred to the patient who sits motionless and nods his/her head in blind agreement with the proposed plan of action. Physicians have read the data on patient compliance and medical outcomes and understand that an informed patient is an ally and not an enemy. However, is there a difference between an informed patient that asks questions seeking a more active role in their healthcare versus a demanding patient that believes that their knowledge base is equal to the physician, thereby reducing the physician to a vending machine dispensing requested prescriptions with little insight or deviation from the patient's demands? Fundamentally, we know that physicians agree that our profession dictates that we use all of the medical knowledge at our fingertips, our interpersonal skills and judgment in making recommendations to our patients. We refuse to be reduced to a simple dispenser of desired medications with no regard to the patient and their well being and in fact are incensed with the assumption that our profession has been reduced to such mediocrity. However, we prefer the middle ground with our patients, neither the demanding or the complacent are our preference, we want relationship and believe that this will improve the patient's health status. The question is whether the increased information, dialogue, and patient involvement utilizing the information from new sources are a good thing, a bad thing or simply a reality of medicine's entrance into the information age. Must we encourage our patients to take an active role in their healthcare but place boundaries on the venues by which they receive information? How do patients interact with their physician in the office after exposure to an ad for a prescription medication? How do physicians react to the questions and do we encourage the interaction? What is the effect of the pharmaceutical industry marketing directly to our patients? Do we know and how will we ever fully assess the impact? Although these questions have no succinct answer, the physician and the patient dyad must be the guiding barometer.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Psychiatric disorders during pregnancy and lactation].

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric disorders occur both during pregnancy and postpartum. The consequences of inadequate treatment in these periods can be dramatic, not only for the mother but also for the infant. The reference books and textbooks used in Norway provide very scanty information on the treatment of psychiatric disorders during pregnancy and postpartum. The use of drugs is a particularly difficult issue, as detrimental effects may arise in the fetus and in the suckling infant. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This article is based upon a review of relevant literature supplemented by our own experience in the field. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: In general, the effect is better documented for drug treatment than for other therapeutic modalities. Some drugs can be used without particular problems during pregnancy and lactation while others have potentially detrimental effects. Often the risk of not giving the mother adequate treatment must be weighed against the potential risks of drug exposure to the infant. Pregnancy-related psychiatric illness would, when recognized, in most cases have a favourable prognosis provided that adequate treatment is given.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1992

Paediatric dermatology.

The format of this collection of skin conditions allows for only a brief discussion of the aetiology and appearance of each entity. Most of them are common skin conditions. Referring to a dermatology reference book will make this presentation more valuable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Helix and drugs: snails for health care from Antiquity to these days].

Land helix, so called snails, have been used in medicine since Antiquity. We find them until today in pharmaceutical specialties and it is the subject of several studies. Why this gastropod has much interested and what products were used, based on this unique active ingredient? Some famous pharmacists like Mure, Figuier and Barin-Barthélémy, made specialties that were well known along the 19th century as proven by the Dorvault reference book in 1877. But the history of snails in medicine continued during the 20th century with hélicidine, commercialized in France in 1957, and with HPA (HElix Pomatia Lectin) that is fixed by metastatic tissues.

Animals↗