Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Progress Report”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The 1990 objectives for the nation for control of stress and violent behavior: progress report.

The control of stress and violent behavior is 1 of the 15 priority areas addressed in the Public Health Service's Objectives for the Nation. The National Institute of Mental Health, which provides a national focus for the Federal effort to increase knowledge of, and promote effective strategies dealing with, issues associated with mental illness and mental health, has been designated the lead Federal agency in this priority area. The authors summarize progress achieved and further activities planned with respect to 10 objectives for control of stress and violent behavior that have been selected for Federal implementation. The objectives for control of stress include improved public and professional awareness of community agencies that can provide professional services, hotlines, and mutual support groups. The objectives for control of violent behavior address three major problems: deaths from homicide among young black males, suicide among the young, and child abuse. Achievement of several of the objectives is currently impeded by lack of a valid data base. Efforts have been initiated, both by individual agencies and through collaboration among the various participating Public Health Service components, to develop valid and reliable baseline data and surveillance procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN): a progress report.

The International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN) was established in 1982 to strengthen the research capacity of medical schools in the developing world through the development of Clinical Epidemiology Units (CEUs). The role of these units is to promote a rational approach to clinical and health care decision making, drawing on the methods of clinical epidemiology, biostatistics, health economics and health social science. This paper summarizes the evolution of the INCLEN model and the experience to date. Progress with Phase 1, the designation of sites for CEU development and the provision of advanced research training by developed country training centres has been substantial. The network now consists of 27 units: 26 in developing country medical schools in Asia, Latin America, India and Africa and 1 in France. More than 60% of the target of 270 fellows have completed training and returned to take up faculty positions in their unit. The remainder will be trained and on site by 1995. The non-return rate of fellows (2%) is very low. Research productivity is significant given only 60 fellows have been working in their CEUs for more than 3 years following the completion of training. An appropriate balance between hospital and community-based research is evident and changes in clinical and health care policy have been made based on the research conducted. The educational responsibilities of all units include courses and workshops in critical appraisal and clinical epidemiology for medical trainees and colleagues. Graduate training programs have emerged in 3 units so far. Major challenges lie ahead as we move into Phase 2 of the project--self sustainability and the transfer of training responsibility to the CEUs. The problems encountered during Phase 1 will need to be addressed. These include time protection for research, the limited availability of research funds, the low priority given to research careers and the poor linkage between health researchers and government policy makers. Our experience echos the recommendations of the recent report of the Commission on Health Research for Development, namely that donors and national governments should give increased priority to the role of health research in less developed countries. We conclude that with continuing support and special attention to the problems encountered, the INCLEN approach can contribute to ensuring that the medical establishment is part of the solution rather than the problem faced by health systems in less developed countries.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1993

Searching for human epilepsy genes: a progress report.

Application of new genetic techniques has brought remarkable discoveries in the study of genetic diseases. The potential benefits from applying such technology to idiopathic epilepsies include improved understanding of cellular mechanisms and potential new methods of prevention and treatment. The complex problems involved in studying the hereditary epilepsies include: defining of specific phenotypes; detecting genetic and non-genetic heterogeneity; and specifying the appropriate mode of inheritance and penetrance. The gene loci for three primary epilepsies have been localized to specific chromosomal regions, and serve to demonstrate the process used in generalized linkage studies of hereditary epilepsy syndromes. Benign familial neonatal convulsions (BFNC) and Unverricht-Lundborg progressive myoclonus epilepsy are rare single-gene disorders that are sufficiently localized to chromosomal regions that positional cloning studies are likely to succeed. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), a common hereditary syndrome with an uncertain mode of inheritance, has been reported to be linked to chromosome 6p. JME presents a challenge for generalized linkage methodology that may be overcome by attending to potential problems reviewed here. The candidate-gene method, combined with studies using animal models, holds promise for understanding these as well as other hereditary epilepsies.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Progress report on the Canadian Multicentre Trial of tetrahydroaminoacridine with lecithin in Alzheimer's disease.

Since the discovery of a significant depletion of acetylcholine in discrete areas of the brain of patients affected by Alzheimer's disease, attempts at symptomatic therapy have concentrated on acetylcholine supplementation, an approach that is based upon the efficacy of dopaminergic supplementation therapy for Parkinson's disease. Choline, then lecithin, used orally, failed to improve symptoms but the hypothesis that long-term choline supplementation might stabilize the course of Alzheimer's disease remains to be tested. Nerve growth factor may also offer that possibility. Bethanechol administered intracerebroventricularly did not help when a fixed dose was used but individual titration of more selective muscarinic agonists may prove more effective. In this article we report that tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA), given together with highly concentrated lecithin, appears to bring improvement in cognition and in functional autonomy using the Mini Mental State and the Rapid Disability Rating Scale-2 respectively, without change in behavior as reflected by the Behave-AD. Double-blind cross-over studies are in progress to establish its efficacy. Improvement in study design and means of assessment of cognition, functional autonomy and behavior have been made possible by these drug trials.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Effect of sodium fluoride, inorganic phosphate, and oxymetholone therapies in osteoporosis: a six-year progress report.

Elderly osteoporotic males treated with sodium fluoride or inorganic phosphate for 4 years plus 2 years of follow-up observations exhibited a mean but not significant decrease in the rate of bone mass loss in comparison with those receiving oxymetholone or a placebo. No hip fractures occurred in the patients who received fluoride, while 11 hip fractures occurred in the patients in the phosphate, oxymetholone, and control groups. Because the densitometric trends and fracture incidence are impressive, the progress of all subjects will be followed for an additional 4 years.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

A clinical data repository implementation progress report.

In late 1992, the 161 bed Grace Hospital of Morganton, North Carolina, USA, entered into a prototype agreement with a major vendor of hospital information systems software to help develop remote delivery of a Clinical Data Repository system. A process for planning and designing the implementation of this system was instituted by the Hospital. As of June 1994, several types of patient data are being collected for storage in the repository; interfaces to existing systems have been created, and progress is being made on designing clinical user presentation formats for long-term, on-line clinical data.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2006

Pharmacological targeting of lysine acetyltransferases in human disease: a progress report.

Lysine acetyltransferases (LATs) are a structurally disparate group of enzymes involved in regulating transcription by participating as cofactors in transcriptional regulatory complexes, and by acetylation of lysine residues in histones and other proteins. Aberrant LAT function probably plays an important part in the pathogenesis of certain cancers, especially leukaemias and endocrine tumours. However, LAT activity might also be an important drug target in a range of other indications, including inflammatory lung diseases, viral infections and metabolic disorders. At present, comparatively few LAT inhibitors are known, but progress regarding the understanding of their structural and functional biology is now beginning to reveal LATs as promising new epigenetic drug targets.

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMed1997

Progress report. A randomized multicenter European study comparing adjuvant radiotherapy, 6-mo chemotherapy, and combination therapy vs no-adjuvant treatment in resectable pancreatic cancer (ESPAC-1).

CONCLUSION: The ESPAC-1 trial is the largest study of its kind in pancreatic cancer and should definitively address the question of the role of conventional methods of adjuvant treatment in pancreatic cancer. BACKGROUND: At the joint International Association of Pancreatology and the European Pancreatic Club meeting in Mannheim, Germany (June 12-15, 1996) a satellite meeting of the European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer (ESPAC) met to discuss the progress of the ESPAC-1 trial. METHODS: A randomized multicenter study to address which, if any, of the following adjuvant treatments are of benefit in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer: radiotherapy (40 Gy with 5-FU as a sensitizing agent), 6 mo of chemotherapy (5-FU and folinic acid), or a combination of these treatments. RESULTS: From February 1994 to June 1996 (the time of the Mannheim meeting) 221 patients so far have been recruited into the three treatment arms and one control arm.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

NIH conference. HIV vaccine development: a progress report.

The development of a safe, effective preventive vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains an area of vigorous research. Several highly innovative vaccine candidates are being developed, and more than 13 vaccine candidates have been tested in human phase I or II trials. All have produced antibody and several have produced modest neutralizing titers, but to date no reproducible evidence has suggested prolonged, high-titer neutralization across a diversity of HIV strains. Furthermore, only the live recombinant vector approaches have produced some evidence of cytotoxic T-cell responses. The principal obstacle to progress is the lack of definitive information on what constitutes a protective immune response. There is no animal model for HIV-induced disease. Hence, the identification of the correlates of immunity and more useful animal models is among the highest priorities for HIV vaccine research. Large-scale efficacy trials raise daunting scientific, ethical, and resource issues. Nonetheless, preparation in such trials is underway in order to be in a position to evaluate the most promising vaccine candidate.

AIDS Vaccines↗
PubMed1990

[Progress report. Lipid peroxidation. 1. Primary reactions].

Edible fats and oils are an important component of human nutrition. There are many kinds of changes and destruction of lipids. One of the most important processes is the autoxidation of essential fatty acids. Primary products of oxidation are mono-hydroperoxides of fatty acids formed by three different pathways. Thermal activation of fatty acids will be followed by thermodynamically controlled distribution of the hydroperoxide isomers. With enzymatic or photochemical oxidation specific distribution of isomeric hydroperoxides is observed. These products can be also used for the determination of the type of oxidation which took place. The hydroperoxides formed in the process of oxidation cause a radical chain reaction with a powerful progress of oxidation. The products formed by chain termination are characterized by different stability. These products include the possibility of decomposition and consequent reactions.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1981

Conformation therapy at the Royal Free Hospital. A progress report on the tracking cobalt project.

A computer-controlled tracking cobalt unit (CCTCU) was commissioned for treating patients in January 1980. The system has proved to be reliable and acceptable in routine use for conventional and conformation therapy. The system comprises a modified TEM MS90 Mobaltron, a Hewlett-Packard System 1000 Model 30 mini-computer and user programmes. Tracking techniques are suitable for the treatment of tumours of the oesophagus, thyroid, bronchus, chains of lymph nodes or medulloblastoma. Tumours 85 cm long can be treated at the isocentre. The high dose volume may be considerably reduced when tracking techniques are used instead of conventional techniques. The major obstacle to the routine use of conformation therapy is treatment planning. Work in progress is designed to produce a computerized planning system linking a CT scanner and the CCTCU. It is expected that the system will produce both a plan optimized in 3-D and the necessary control data in machine readable form within an hour of a patient being scanned. The present planning system is based on a Rad-8 planning system and an Alderson phantom to verify the dose distribution in 3-D. An outline of the tracking technique is given. The computer control system is described briefly, with its methods of use for treating patients. Brief reverence is made to work at other centres using conformation therapy.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1983

[Non-A, non-B Hepatitis. A progress report].

The present state of the art in non-A, non-B hepatitis is reviewed. Eight years of world-wide efforts in research have not yielded a definite characterization of agent(s) and markers of this viral infection. Diagnosis is therefore established mainly by exclusion of the hepatitis viruses A and B, Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, and drug-induced liver disease. Currently available serological, electron microscopic, immune electron microscopic and clinical information on non-A, non-B hepatitis in chimpanzee and man is briefly reviewed. Some light microscopic features provisionally regarded as suggestive of non-A, non-B hepatitis in man are presented. In daily practice the diagnostic tools in the near future will largely depend upon progress in the elaboration of suitable serological test systems and on further confirmation of microscopic findings, unless an unexpected breakthrough occurs through identification and characterization of the virus(es) in non-A, non-B infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Human beta-secretase (BACE) and BACE inhibitors: progress report.

A key step in the processing of the integral membrane protein APP, or Amyloid Precursor Protein is through the proteolytic cleavage by the enzyme beta-Secretase (BACE). The proteolysis of APP by BACE, followed by subsequent C-terminal cleavage(s) by gamma-secretase, results in the formation of the amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide. The principal component of the neuritic plaque found in the brains of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients is Abeta which is a neurotoxic and highly aggregatory peptide segment of APP. The amyloid hypothesis holds that the neuronal dysfunction and clinical manifestation of AD is a consequence of the long term deposition and accumulation of 40-42 amino-acid long Abeta peptides, and that this process leads to the onset and progression of AD. Due to the apparent causal relationship between Abeta and AD, the so-called "secretases" that produce Abeta have been targeted for development of inhibitors that might serve as therapeutic agents for treatment of this dreaded, and ever more prevalent disease. Herein will be discussed our current understanding of BACE, its role in the formation of neuritic plaques and the known inhibitors of the enzyme.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1997

Opioid availability in Latin America: the Santo Domingo report progress since the Declaration of Florianopolis.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has indicated that opioid analgesics are insufficiently available, particularly in developing countries, due to a variety of reasons, including legislative, educational, and policy issues. In its effort to promote the rational use of medical opioids and the adequate treatment of patients with cancer, WHO has sponsored a meeting of Latin American representatives every 2 years, which includes health professionals and government regulators. During March 24-27, 1996, a group of 86 representatives of cancer pain relief and palliative care programs from nine Latin American countries met in Santo Domingo under the auspices of the WHO Palliative Care Program for Latin America. For the first time since the First Latin American Meeting, government regulators were present to help address the issue of opioid availability from their perspective. During the meeting, issues pertaining to cancer pain, opioid availability, and palliative care were discussed. This report summarizes some of the events and presents a summary of the conclusions of an earlier meeting in 1994, as described in the Declaration of Florianopolis, and presents its follow-up, The Santo Domingo Report, generated following the 1996 meeting.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1996

Prevention of perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus: a progress report 2 years after completion of AIDS Clinical Trials Group trial 076.

In this AIDS commentary, Dr. Wilfert has reviewed the American experience with vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) since the closing of the 076 trial performed by the AIDS Clinical Trials Group in February 1994. The news generally is good; the rate of transmission from mother to child in nonstudy situations has been reduced when counseling and therapy are offered to pregnant women. As Dr. Wilfert emphasizes, the mechanism of the beneficial effect remains to be elucidated. More important, the resources required to insure that women have access to counseling and care need to be secured. In addition to these issues discussed by Dr. Wilfert, questions that need to be addressed include the efficacy and safety of more-potent antiretroviral agents or combinations in further reducing the risk of transmission, the optimal intervention for women who become pregnant while receiving antiretroviral therapy, the optimal postpartum management for women, and the most-effective treatment strategy for children born to infected women. The newborn child who is infected in spite of treatment of the mother potentially could receive great benefit from aggressive therapy designed to reduce the rate of viral replication and the selection of drug-resistant HIV-1. Finally, inexpensive and user-friendly methods of reducing the rate of vertical transmission in developing countries are urgently needed. Progress in reducing the prevalence of pediatric HIV-1 infection transmitted by mothers, the most common source of this infection in children, has been made, but further research and effort to insure access to care and answers to unsolved problems are necessary.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Case report: progressive systemic sclerosis-like syndrome after bone marrow transplantation. Clinical, immunologic, and pathologic findings.

A young man developed chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The close resemblance of his skin changes to those of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) prompted an examination for clinical and pathologic involvement of other organ systems. Many of the dermatologic, cardiac, renal and pulmonary findings in the transplant patient were similar to those seen in a comparison group of 38 patients with PSS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Autonomic nervous system pharmacogenomics: a progress report.

Pharmacogenetics, the inherited basis for interindividual differences in drug response, has rapidly expanded with the advent of new molecular tools and the sequencing of the human genome, yielding pharmacogenomics. We review here recent ideas and findings regarding pharmacogenomics of components of the autonomic nervous system, in particular, neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, postsynaptic receptors with which the parasympathetic and sympathetic neurotransmitters, acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine, respectively, interact. The receptor subtypes that mediate these responses, M(1-3) muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChRs), and alpha(1A,B,D)-, alpha(2A,B,C)-, and beta(1,2,3)-adrenergic receptors (AR), show highly variable expression of genetic variants; variants of mAChRs and alpha(1)-ARs are relatively rare, whereas alpha(2)-AR and beta-AR subtype variants are quite common. The largest amount of data is available regarding variants of the latter ARs and represents efforts to associate certain receptor genotypes, most commonly, single nucleotide polymorphisms, with particular phenotypes (e.g., cardiovascular and metabolic responses). In vitro and in vivo studies have yielded inconsistent results; definitive conclusions are limited. We identify several conceptual and methodological problems with available data: sample size, ethnicity, tissue differences, coding versus noncoding variants, limited studies of haplotypes, and interaction among variants. Thus, although progress has been made in identifying genetic variation that influences drug response fo autonomic nervous system components, we are still at the early stages of defining the most critical genetic determinants and their role in human physiology and pharmacology.

Animals↗