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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

A design for interlaboratory quality-control programs.

A design for interlaboratory quality-control programs is described. Speimens are despatched in pairs to participating laboratories. The results returned by laboratories are compared with each other and with reference results, but the frequent brief reports which are prepared are not regarded as the main laboratory assessments, although these reports can alert laboratories to gross imprecision and inaccuracy. When sufficient results have been returned, a linear regression analysis is carried out between results from each laboratory and the reference results. The statistics obtained from the regression data provide a concise source of information about the form of inaccuracy (imprecision and systematic error) present.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1991

Reinventing fidelity: the transfer of social technology among settings.

In an ideal world, effective programs would be disseminated on a large scale, but many obstacles block program diffusion. To date, little guidance has been provided by program designers on how to implement the program in different sites with different personnel and client populations. This article discusses the debate between the "fidelity camp" and the "reinvention camp" and suggests an approach that reconciles the two positions: fidelity should be maintained to the program's mechanism of operation; reinvention is permitted in implementation if the causal mechanism is preserved. Such an approach is essential for effective dissemination of preventive interventions that are successful in controlled trials.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Psychological services offered to female veterans.

Questionnaires were sent to 153 chiefs of Veterans Administration psychology services to request information on service provision to women veterans; 91 responses were received. Services were classified according to four categories: (a) individual women served in response to requests; (b) individual programs designed to meet specific needs; (c) educational programs offered to female clients; and (d) staff training programs. Correlations between each of the four categories and the following factors were calculated: (a) size of the city as determined by population in which each Veterans Administration Medical Center is located; (b) state population of female veterans; (c) number of female staff psychologists; (d) annual percentage of female clients served; (e) income of female clients; (f) total number of psychologists on the staff; and (g) total annual number of clients. Significant correlations were found between number of services offered routinely in response to requests and each of the following factors: (a) state population of female veterans; (b) income of female veteran clients; (c) total number of psychologists on the staff; and (d) annual number of clients.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Establishing control by spoken words with profoundly mentally retarded individuals.

Five low-functioning mentally retarded subjects were taught initially to insert tokens in a slot only when an auditory-visual complex stimulus was presented. The auditory component was a spoken reinforcer name (e.g., "Food"), and the visual component was a flashing red light in the slot opening. Later, the name was presented without the light on probe trials. Three subjects did not respond, suggesting that their token insertions had been controlled by the visual but not by the auditory component of the auditory-visual complex. These subjects then received a fading program designed to establish auditory stimulus control. The program was successful with two subjects. The third subject required post-program remedial teaching, but ultimately demonstrated exclusive control by the spoken name. The results suggest methods for establishing auditory stimulus control with this population and highlight variables that may influence the reliability of such control in some subjects.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1989

Multifactorial memory training with older adults: how to foster maintenance of improved performance.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a multifactorial memory training program designed for normal older adults. The multifactorial program involved the training of three components that are critical to memory functioning: recoding operations, attentional functions and relaxation. Two controls groups were used. One control group took part in a general cognitive activation program involving training in problem solving, logical thinking, and visuospatial skills, whereas the other received no training. Three types of tasks were administered to assess potential effects of training: (a) free recall of words within the Buschke selective reminding paradigm, (b) digit span, and (c) the Benton visual retention test. Results indicated that the multifactorial group improved performance following training on several measures of the selective reminding task, and that this improvement was maintained 6 months after completion of training. In addition, the two other groups did not show any improvement of memory performance, and no effects occurred in the digit span and visual retention tasks. This pattern of results suggests that multifactorial training may be an effective way of achieving long-term benefits of training for older people, and that effects of memory training may be relatively task-specific.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Predictors of success on NCLEX-RN and within the nursing curriculum: implications for early intervention.

A retrospective prediction study was conducted to identify predictors of success on the NCLEX-RN and within the nursing curriculum. Records of 192 graduates of an upper-division, single-purpose baccalaureate nursing program were examined using multiple regression techniques. NCLEX-RN success could be predicted by GPA at end of Level 1 in nursing program, ACT composite and social science subscale scores, Anatomy and Physiology I grade, and percent correct on Mosby Assesstest. These findings have implication for entering a nursing student into an early intervention program designed to enhance success within the nursing program and on the NCLEX-RN.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Improving compliance with exercise in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: results of a self-motivated home exercise program.

In this project we investigated the impact of a 12-week at-home aerobic fitness program on aerobic capacity and metabolic control of ten adolescents (four girls and six boys 12 to 14 years of age) with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The adolescents had no prior experience with exercise training. The 45-minute program, designed by a physical therapist, consisted of a stretching, calisthenics, and "cool-down" routine set to popular music. It was taught to the youngsters in group sessions. Each adolescent was given audio- and videocassettes of the routine for home use that emphasized self-motivation in maintaining training. The youngsters were asked to exercise three times per week and were also taught how to adjust their insulin and diet for exercise. Aerobic fitness was determined by maximal oxygen uptake following a vigorous, continuous progressive cycling test; metabolic control was measured by glycosylated hemoglobin values. All of the adolescents reported greater than 85% completion of the program. The youngsters displayed a correspondingly significant increase in aerobic fitness as measured by maximal oxygen uptake: 40.39 +/- 8.87 v 44.86 +/- 12.89 mL/kg/min. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (mean +/- SD) for the entire group were significantly reduced after the program (11.41 +/- 4.47% v 10.01 +/- 3.21%). Results of this study indicate that nonathletic adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus can engage in self-motivated exercise training at home. If properly designed, such programs can improve aerobic fitness and may contribute to improvement in diabetes control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Increasing the use of mammography: a pilot program.

Despite the effectiveness of mammography, a large percentage of eligible women do not obtain screening mammograms. Two programs designed to increase the use of mammography were designed, implemented and evaluated. One hundred and fifty-six women were recruited and assigned to an Educational plus Psychological program (EP), an Educational program (E), or to a delayed treatment control group (C). Women completed a pretest, a posttest (EP and E only) and a telephone follow-up. At posttest, EP women had greater intention to obtain a mammogram than C women. EP and E women had higher levels of knowledge and higher levels of perceived benefit of mammography than C women. Actual compliance did not differ among the three conditions. Implications for the design of future programs are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A review of studies on school-based smoking prevention programs].

Research papers on school-based programs designed to prevent adolescent smoking were reviewed to determine trends in the development of smoking prevention programs as well as measures and methods of evaluation. In the USA and Europe, evaluation studies have demonstrated that the most promising smoking prevention approaches are those that focus primary attention on the psychosocial factors promoting smoking initiation. In Japan, however, most programs have shown little success. The following recommendations are made for improving the methods for evaluating program effectiveness and the future of research orientation of educational program on adolescent smoking. 1) Refinement and standardization of evaluation methods to be valid and feasible for use in studies of Japanese adolescents. 2) Improved study designs for evaluation of program effectiveness which include control groups and long term follow-up. 3) Applying smoking prevention programs which were demonstrated to be effective in the USA and Europe. 4) Development of effective cessation programs for adolescent smokers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Intrauterine insemination outperforms intracervical insemination in a randomized, controlled study with frozen, donor semen.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of intrauterine insemination (IUI) in a donor insemination program. DESIGN: Prospective randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Donor insemination program. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Women undergoing insemination were randomly assigned to receive either IUI or intracervical insemination for a maximum of six cycles. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Cycle fecundity rates between the two routes were compared. RESULTS: The monthly fecundity rate for intracervical insemination was 5.1% compared with 23% by IUI. By life table analysis, pregnancy rates for IUI were significantly higher than intracervical insemination (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Intrauterine insemination with quarantined donor sperm is superior to intracervical insemination.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comprehensive cardiovascular waveform analysis program for IBM-compatible personal computers.

Computerized cardiovascular waveform processing has become a necessary and fundamental tool in the analysis of physiologic data. The availability of numerous commercial data-analysis programs has significantly enhanced the efficiency of waveform analysis. Many such programs come with their own programming language, which enables the researcher to create an application program suited to a specific series of calculations. Once written, an application program can significantly increase the efficiency with which data from a specific experiment can be analyzed. However, creating or modifying a program for each new experimental protocol can be time-consuming, especially in the error-detection and verification stages. Single-purpose programs also prove somewhat inflexible to unexpected changes in experimental formats. These problems suggested the need for a more flexible program, but one that is nevertheless specifically suited to the analysis of cardiovascular signals. This need led to the development of a program designed in collaboration with surgeons and physiologists. This program addresses some important analysis problems in cardiovascular research, and allows the user to survey and manipulate cardiovascular waveforms in an intuitive and spontaneous manner.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1991

An ecological approach to tracking battered women over time.

The current study examined the difficulties inherent in using an experimental, longitudinal design to determine the effects of an advocacy program designed to increase battered women's access to community resources. The current research employed a multitude of techniques to follow battered women over the first year following their stay at a shelter for women with abusive partners. The tracking rate was very successful; 96% were found and interviewed at the 10-week project termination point, 96% at the 6-month follow-up, and 94% at the 12-month followup. The intricate system of procedures used for successfully tracking this mobile population over time are presented as an effective methodology for doing necessary longitudinal research with battered women as well as other transient, or "difficult to follow" populations.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical skill-building simulations in cardiology: HeartLab and EkgLab.

HeartLab and EkgLab are two simulation-based programs designed to teach medical students the essentials of the auscultatory cardiac examination and of electrocardiogram interpretation, respectively. The issues considered throughout the development of these projects, namely implementation language selection, program architecture, simulation design, patient models, and the approach to verification, are applicable to the design of any simulation-based system.

Cardiology↗
PubMed1985

A pocket computer program for common calculations in clinical pediatrics.

This paper describes the use of a short computer program designed for use in a pediatric hospital ward. The program performs metric conversions, obviates the need for nomograms for body surface area and base excess determinations, and rapidly and accurately computes parenteral fluid mixtures, medication dosages, creatinine clearance, erythrocyte sedimentation rate corrections, and serum osmolality.

Computers↗
PubMed1991

Physician management of hyperlipidemia in Saskatchewan: temporal trends and the effect of a CME program.

OBJECTIVE: To assess current trends in the management of hyperlipidemia by Saskatchewan physicians, and to evaluate the effect of a specific continuing medical education (CME) program. DESIGN: Using a quasi-experimental design, physicians in an intervention area received the CME program while those in a comparison area did not. Management of hyperlipidemia was assessed before and after the program via a self-administered questionnaire. SETTING: All family physicians, general internists and cardiologists practising in the two areas were eligible. SUBJECTS: Of 439 eligible physicians, 308 (70%) completed the first survey, while 268 of 447 (60%) completed the second survey. Analysis was conducted on the 221 physicians who completed both surveys. INTERVENTION: Physicians in the intervention area received printed materials and attended a series of seminars between November 1988 and February 1989. Program content was based upon the recommendations of the Canadian Consensus Conference on Cholesterol (1988). MAIN RESULTS: Over the study period the mean level of serum cholesterol considered 'ideal' for a 40- to 60-year-old male decreased significantly from 5.43 to 5.03 mmol/L (P less than 0.001). The mean level at which diet therapy was begun decreased from 6.60 to 5.78 mmol/L (P less than 0.001) with a significantly greater proportion of physicians in the intervention area (58.0%) than in the comparison area (43.2%) initiating therapy in the 5.2 to 5.6 mmol/L range (P = 0.03). The mean level of serum cholesterol at which drug therapy is begun also decreased from 7.59 to 6.82 mmol/L (P less than 0.001), with a significantly greater proportion of physicians in the intervention (41.6%) than in the comparison area (25.0%) starting therapy in the 6.2 to 6.6 mmol/L range (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The management of hyperlipidemia reported by physicians in Saskatchewan changed dramatically between July 1988 and March 1989. The effect of the CME program is modest in comparison with this large temporal trend. The study provides further evidence that significant changes in the practice patterns of groups of physicians will only occur when the educational process is highly focused and personalized.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

TWINAN: twin data analysis program for microcomputers.

A BASIC computer program designed to facilitate analysis of twin data is presented. The program estimates genetic parameters and tests their statistical significance based on the genetic and environmental hypothesis.

Computers↗
PubMed1977

Computer analysis of nucleic acid regulatory sequences.

We describe a computer program designed to facilitate the analysis of nucleic acid sequences. The program can search several nucleic acid sequences for oligonucleotides common to all of them. It can examine a DNA or RNA sequence for two kinds of homologous regions--repetitions and dyad symmetries. The homologies need not be perfect: mismatches and "looping out" of nucleotides are allowed. The program also finds (A+T)- and (G+C)-rich regions, locates restriction enzyme recognition sites, determines the distribution of di- and trinucleotides, and performs various other functions. We include two representative applications of the program. All published prokaryotic transcription termination sequences (June 1977) were found to share the following features: (i) a string of at least five T residues, (ii) the sequence CGGGC or a close analog immediately preceding the T cluster, (iii) a region of strong dyad symmetry preceding the Ts and including the CGGGC sequence. A sequence of 221 nucleotides consisting of the Escherichia coli trp promoter, operator, and leader was found to contain two strong dyad symmetries. These homologies both occur at known regulatory sites; no comparable homologies occur in regions without regulatory significance.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

MSNJ Auxiliary: responsibility on water.

The Medical Society of New Jersey Auxiliary kicked off its Responsibility on Water program. Designed and planned by MSNJA President Marion H. Geib, the program is intended to make children and adults aware of the deadly mix of alcohol and water activities.

Accident Prevention↗