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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Adverse reactions to practolol: some observations on the possible relevence to immune mechanisms.

HLA antigen frequencies were determined in patients who had suffered adverse reaction to the beta-adrenergic blocking agent, practolol. No statistically significant differences were observed between these patients and control groups. The latter were selected to include two separate groups, normal random healthy population controls, and controls who had taken practolol with no apparent adverse effects. Patients suffering from the very severe form of reaction, sclerosing peritonitis, were analysed separately from those with other lesion e.g. ocular symptoms, but did not show any significant differences. Altered HLA antigen frequencies were observed for those control patients whose primary diagnosis was hypertension but this was considered to be due to selection bias.

Epitopes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pressure-flow relationships in the peripheral circulation of the dog with practolol.

1. The influence of practolol (a proposed beta1-adrenoreceptor antagonist) upon the pressure-flow relationships in the peripheral circulation was studied in eight anaesthetized dogs during right heart by-pass procedures. 2. Practool (1 mg/kg) produced a significant increase in the resistance to venous return which resulted in a significant fall in venous return. 3. There was no significant change in arterial resistance. 4. This study suggests that practolol should not be classified as an exclusive cardioselective beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiac and bronchial beta-adrenoceptor antagonistic potencies of atenolol, metoprolol, acebutolol, practolol, propranolol and pindolol in the anaesthetized dog.

1. The beta-adrenoceptor antagonists atenolol, metoprolol, acebutolol, practolol, propranolol and pindolol have been tested for their ability to reduce isoprenaline-induced bronchodilation and tachycardia in the anaesthetized dog. 2. Atenolol, metoprolol, acebutolol and practolol all possessed a similar degree of cardioselectivity in this animal model.

Acebutolol↗
PubMed1976

Practolol peritonitis presenting as a pelvic mass.

A case of sclerosing fibro-peritonitis occurring as a result of practolol therapy is presented. This may occur months after cessation of the practolol because of other side effects and may present to the gynaecologists as a pelvic mass.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Pathology of practolol-induced ocular toxicity.

The ocular side-effects of prolonged practolol administration concern the cornea and conjunctiva and are related to deficient tear secretion and the formation of an autoantibody which has an affinity for the intercellular zones of squanmous epithelium. Histopathological study of six cases, including a review of the necropsy findings in two, showed destruction of lacrimal gland tissue, epidermalization of the conjunctival epithelium, with epitheliolysis and stromal ulceration of the cornea leading to perforation in two patients. Immunoperoxidase studies showed fixation of specific antibody in the corneal and conjunctival epithelium but, in the one case in which the tissue could be adequately studied, complement fixation could not be demonstrated. Possibly, therefore, the immune response in patients with practolol-induced ocular damage is secondary to the epithelial disturbance rather than its cause.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Untoward effects associated with practolol: demonstration of antibody binding to epithelial tissue.

An antibody which sticks to the intercellular region of xenogenic epidermal tissue has been shown by indirect immunofluorescence to be present in the serum of patients with practolol-induced eye damage. These antibodies and those found in patients with pemphigus were compared for their ability to bind to isolated epidermal cells. Binding was achieved only with the pemphigus antibody, which suggests that it may have a different specificity from the antibody associated with practolol-induced eye damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Pharmacodynamics of practolol in chronic renal failure.

Plasma levels of practolol were measured in advanced chronic renal failure. The plasma half life was found to be markedly prolonged. During haemodialysis considerable shortening of the half life occurred. Therapeutic blood levels of practolol can be achieved in maintenance haemodialysis patients by the administration of 200 mg of the drug by mouth at the beginning and end of each dialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Absorption of propranolol and practolol in Coeliac disease.

Plasma concentrations of propranolol and practolol were measured in patients with coeliac disease and normal subjects. The mean plasma propranolol concentration in the coeliac patients was higher throughout the period of study, the differences being significant at one, six, and eight hours. The plasma concentration profile of practolol in the coeliacs followed a similar pattern but lagged behind that of the normal subjects. A possible reason for these differences is an alteration in the rate of drug diffusion across the atrophic mucosa of the upper jejunum in coeliac disease. Analysis of the results of the propranolol study suggests that an increase in the rate of absorption combined with saturation of first pass extraction may account for the increased plasma concentrations of unchanged propranolol found in coeliac disease. These abnormalities of drug absorption do not appear to be related to the duration of treatment with a gluten free diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Double-blind comparison of verapamil and practolol in the treatment of angina pectoris.

In thirteen patients with coronary insufficiency and angina pectoris the therapeutic effects of verapamil, 80 mg three times/day and practolol, 100 mg three times/day, were compared and tested against placebo in a double-blind cross-over fashion. Verapamil proved to be the most efficient drug as regards attack frequency and glyceryl trinitrate consumption as well as physical working capacity, bringing about a statistically significant increase of the exercise tolerance as compared to placebo after a treatment period of four weeks. Verapamil is a good alternative to beta-blockers in the prophylactic treatment of angina. Possible modes of action of verapamil in angina pectoris are discussed. The study had to be interrupted because of the reports of side effects of practolol, explaining the small number of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Pharmacokinetics of practolol in the rabbit with experimental glomerulonephritis.

The pharmacokinetics of practolol were studied after intravenous injection (5 mg/kg) in conscious normal rabbits and rabbits with experimental glomerulonephritis induced by daily intravenous injection of bovine gamma-globulin. The results obtained demonstrated that the practolol elimination was impaired in animals with experimental glomerulonephritis: significant lengthening of the half-life of the beta-phase, with marked decrease of the body clearance and diminution of the drug concentration decrease in plasma. Neither conjugates nor deacetylpractolol could be detected in the urine of the controls or immunized rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Hemodynamic effects of combined treatment with lignocaine, procainamide and practolol in acute myocardial infarction.

In the treatment of refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias antiarrhythmic drugs must sometimes be combined. An electrophysiologically appropriate combination is lignocaine and procainamide and, when needed, a beta-blocking agent. The hemodynamic effects of this treatment were studied in 6 patients in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. After a control period, an infusion of lignocaine was started and 1 h later procainamide/placebo was added in a double-blind system and finally also practolol/placebo. The drugs were given intravenously in ordinary doses. Hemodynamics were studied by bedside catheterization. During triple treatment heart rate and aortic pressures fell significantly whereas right atrial mean pressure increased compared to the control period. Stroke volume, cardiac output and pulmonary artery pressures were unchanged. Most of the changes appeared when practolol was added. Following the procainamide injection a transient fall in aortic pressures was noted. Lignocaine gave no hemodynamic effects. The number of ventricular premature beats was reduced in all patients and no patient had ventricular tachycardia during treatment. In these patients it was possible to combine lignocaine, procainamide and practolol in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. However, 3 patients developed hypotension, 1 sinus bradycardia and 1 had a short run of nodal tachycardia. It is concluded that this kind of combined treatment, because of its potential risks, should be restricted to critical clinical situations and then it ought to be hemodynamically controlled.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Comparative cardiovascular effects of propranolol and practolol in puppies.

The present results indicate that in 3-4-weeks-old puppies propranolol induces a significant depression of cardiovascular function expressed by a decrease in heart rate, myocardial contractility, and cardiac output, and an increase in systemic vascular resistance, in doses beyond beta-blocking levels. In contrast, practolol, in the same dose range, did not induce further cardio-circulatory depression, as shown by levels of heart rate, myocardial contractility, and cardiac output similar to the values obtained with beta-blocking doses of this agent. The cardio-depressant activity observed in puppies with doses of propranolol beyond blocking levels is thought to be due to direct negative inotropic and chronotropic effects of this agent, not related to influences on beta receptor sites. Such effect not observed with practolol at doses well beyond beta-blocking levels suggests that this drug exerts a more selective influence on cardiac sympathetic beta receptors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

[The effect of atenolol on contractility and hemodynamics of the infarcted heart in comparison to propranolol and practolol (author's transl)].

In animals without myocardial infarction the new beta-sympathicolytic agent atenolol (4-[2'-hydroxy-3'-iso-propylaminopropoxy]-phenyl acetamide, ICI 66 082) dose-dependently decreased heart rate, systolic aortic pressure and cardiac output. Coronary mean flow, coronary resistance, stroke volume, left ventricular enddiastolic pressure and total peripheral vascular resistance did not change significantly. Atenolol significantly reduced myocardial contractility, expressed by (dp/dtmax), Vpm, t-(dp/dtmax) and pre-ejection period. Furthermore, the comparative studies in animals with myocardial infarction and concomitant reduced cardial efficiency revealed, that atenolol has neither a positive intrinsic activity as has practolol nor a negative intrinsic activity as has propranolol. The dose-contractility relation of atenolol resembles that of practolol: in low dosages a strong decrease is achieved, in higher dosages no further reduction of the contractility parameters is observed. Because of the strong negative inotropic and blood pressure lowering effect it is suggested to use atenolol only with great caution in patients with reduced cardiac efficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Effect of practolol on experimental hypertension in dogs].

In the dog, the intra-venous injection of practolol (1 to 3 mg/kg) reduces the hypertension provoked by vagotomy and sino-aortic nerves section, or by intra-venous administration of potassium cyanide. But practolol differs from propranolol ; he does not modify hypertension observed after electrical stimulation of central end of saphene, laryngeal superior, or vagus nerf.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Comparison of the haemodynamic effects in man of the beta-adrenergic blocking substances Kö 1366 and practolol (author's transl)].

In 21 healthy male persons haemodynamic changes (heart rate, end-diastolic pulmonary artery pressure, training condition of heart, a so-called index of heart sufficiency and arterial blood pressure) at rest and during dynamic exercise were compared respectively before and after i.v. injection of 0.0375 mg/kg of the beta-adrenergic blocking drug K+5Ao 1366 [O-(2-hydroxy-3-(tert. butylamino)-propoxy)-benzonitril-hydrochloride], of 0.3 mg/kg practolol [4-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylaminopropoxy)-acetanilide] and a placebo. According to the analysed parameters Kö 1366 has an essentially better beta-adrenergic blocking potency than practolol. Neither of the two substances has a negative inotropic effect or influences the arterial blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Clinical investigations into the effects of practolol in angina pectoris.

The value of practolol in the treatment of angina pectoris was studied in three groups of patients by means of different methods. In 23 patients the effect of the drug was evaluated during long-term treatment and in 10 patients in a controlled double-blind trial; in 20 patients, the working capacity was determined by an ECG exercise test on a bicycle ergometer. Long-term treatment revealed advantageous effects of practolol on the incidence of anginal attacks and the number of nitroglycerin tablets consumed in daily life. There was also a noticeable improvement in the ECG. The results obtained in a double-blind trial, with placebo, proved the effectiveness of the drug. The treatment enabled the patients to lead appreciably more active lives. A marked increase in work performance, depending on the dose applied, was confirmed in exercise tolerance tests. No side-effects which would call for discontinuance of the treatment were seen during long-term administration with doses up to 800 mg daily.

Adult↗