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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Dental pathologies in ten free-ranging chimpanzees from Gombe National Park, Tanzania.

The dental remains of ten adult chimpanzees from Gombe National Park, Tanzania, were examined for enamel attrition, caries, abscesses, periodontal disease, and tooth loss. Age was the underlying factor in the development of dental pathology, in that enamel wear was present to some extent in all ten but was uniformly severe only in the three for whom estimated age at death was 39-43 years. In turn, enamel wear appears to have been the direct cause of abscess development, periodontal disease, and tooth loss. Periodontal disease was commonly expressed as alveolar resorption, particularly around the premolars and molars. This involvement was variable in all except the two youngest. Some interesting wear patterns were evident in the form of deep grooves in the upper incisors and dramatic notching of the lower canines. These patterns, and enamel attrition in general, were attributed to normal mastication and to various stripping activities. Only one carious lesion was observed, in a male with an estimated age of 26 years. An accurate assessment of the actual prevalence of caries was obscured by enamel wear and tooth loss in the older individuals.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

[Treatment of odontogenic abscesses].

Histories of 311 abscesses of odontogenic origin found in different tissue spaces were evaluated. Location, cause, age distribution, pathogenic germs, and therapeutical measures were discussed. The perimandibular abscess was found most frequently, the second most common was the submadibular abscess. The parapharyngeal and paratonsillary abscesses were the rarest. The age of the patients was mainly between 30 and 50 years. Most often the lower molars were the starting point of the abscess. The spectrum of pathogenic germs comprised 14 different germs. Surgical therapy which is always necessary is performed under analgo-sedation in adults, and in ketamine anesthesia in children. The tooth responsible for the abscess was removed seven days after the abscess incision, on the average. If indicated, post-operative therapy should be applied after the testing of germ resistance.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Localized aggressive periodontitis in a six-year-old: a case report.

The purpose of this report was to describe an approach to diagnose and effectively treat a pediatric patient with localized aggressive periodontitis. A 6-year-old female presented with clinical and radiographic evidence of severe attachment loss around several primary teeth. She had no history of systemic disease, periodontal disease, or caries prior to the periodontal abscess that prompted her referral. Routine immunological tests did not reveal any functional defects, but DNA testing for periodontal pathogens revealed the presence of all 8 aggressive periodontal pathogens assayed. Treatment consisted of the extraction of 2 severely affected primary teeth, increased frequency of recall appointments, and administration of systemic antibiotics. The patient's periodontal condition was stabilized 18 months post-treatment, and the 8 pathogens were no longer at detectable levels. With a treatment goal of preventing disease progression into the erupting permanent dentition, this treatment regimen provides an effective alternative to more aggressive strategies.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗
PubMed1999

Toxic shock syndrome secondary to a dental abscess.

A 9-year-old girl presented with arthralgia and myalgia which progressed to developing renal failure and overwhelming septic shock. The underlying cause was assumed to be a periodontal abscess from an upper right deciduous canine tooth. The pus from the abscess grew a toxic shock syndrome toxin 1-producing Staphylococcus aureus. This case illustrates the importance of an oral surgical review of patients presenting with features of toxic shock syndrome if the source of the infection is not immediately obvious.

Child↗
PubMed1991

[Treatment of various frequently occurring periodontal problems].

Some clinical factors of importance for handling of periodontal problems are discussed in this paper by means of case reports. Severe but localised alveolar bone loss, treatment of narrow or missing attached gingiva and periodontal abscess formation are briefly described.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Herpesviruses, the missing link between gingivitis and periodontitis?

Herpesviruses appear to assume a major etiopathogenic role in various types of destructive periodontal disease. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and HCMV-EBV co-infection are closely associated with disease-active periodontitis in juveniles and adults, with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in children, and with periodontal abscesses. In particular, HCMV reactivation in periodontitis lesions seems to be linked to advancing disease. HCMV infects periodontal monocytes/macrophages and T-lymphocytes, and EBV infects periodontal B-lymphocytes. Herpesvirus-infected inflammatory cells generate a great variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines and may possess diminished ability to defend against bacterial challenge. Herpesvirus-associated periodontal sites tend to harbor elevated levels of periodontopathic bacteria, including Dialister pneumosintes, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Treponema denticola, Campylobacter rectus and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. In summary, the available data suggest that periodontitis occurs more frequently and progresses more rapidly in herpesvirus-infected than in non-infected periodontal sites. An infectious disease model based on herpesvirus-bacteria-host immune response interactions is presented to explain how a gingivitis lesion or a stable periodontal site with increased probing depth may convert into a tissue-destroying periodontitis lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Studies on the continuous culture and pathogenicity of Entamoeba gingivalis].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for continuous culture of Entamoeba gingivalis (E. g.) and study the pathogenicity of E. g.. METHODS: The culture conditions of E. g. were compared by observing its growth and reproduction. The pathogenicity of E. g. was studied by investigating its infection rate in humans and observing the relationship between E. g. infection and periodontal abscess in rats and the in vitro effect of some drugs. RESULTS: The optimal culture condition of E. g. was modified LES medium containing Locke's solution with 20% bovine serum, penicillin, streptomycin and rice starch. Reproduction of E. g. peaked at the fourth day of incubatoin, E. g. could live continuously for 120 to 168 h. The infection rate of E. g. was higher in patients with periondontal diseases than in healthy groups. The animal test showed that E. g. could cause periondontal abscess in rats. The levels of acid phosphatase and MDA were higher in patients with E. g.-positive periondontal disease than in healthy individuals. Metronidazole and SBF are effective against E. g.. CONCLUSION: E. g. could grow very well in modified LES medium, and cause periondontal abscess in patients with low immunity.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Incisions in oral surgery].

Oral mucosa incision can allow several interventions: cellulitis or periodontal abscess opening, gingival tissue excision or repositioning or at least exposure of alveolar bone for tooth extraction or infrabony pockets' treatment. The different incisions are described with special considerations: --on the anatomic environment of the oral cavity (palatal arteries, mandibular nerve...)--on the healing patterns of the different periodontal tissues (rapid cellular turnover of the epithelial attachment for instance)--at last on the suturing for each intervention. The instrumentation needed for the different incisions is described and clinical cases are presented before, during and after oral surgery. The use of an electrical knife is noted with the contraindications of this operative procedure.

Electrosurgery↗
PubMed1989

Periodontal implications of orthodontic treatment in adults with reduced or normal periodontal tissues versus those of adolescents.

This longitudinal study monitored periodontal status in 20 adults and 20 adolescents undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Ten adults had generalized periodontitis and received periodontal treatment, including periodontal surgery, before orthodontic treatment. They also received periodontal maintenance at 3-month intervals during orthodontic treatment. The other 10 adults had normal periodontal tissues. Neither these latter adults nor the adolescents received periodontal maintenance during orthodontic treatment. Periodontal status was determined (1) at six standard sites before fixed appliances were placed (baseline), (2) at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months after appliances had been placed, and (3) 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after appliances had been removed. At each of these visits, these sites were assessed for plaque index, gingival index, bleeding tendency, and pocket depth. Loss of attachment between baseline and 3 months after appliances were removed and tooth loss were also determined. Complete data were obtained for 15 adolescents and 14 adults. During orthodontic treatment the adolescent group showed significantly more (p less than 0.05) periodontal inflammation and supragingival plaque than the adults; after appliances were removed, this pattern was no longer statistically significant. For loss of attachment, there were no significant differences among adolescents, adults with normal periodontal tissues, or adults with reduced but healthy periodontal tissues who had undergone treatment for periodontal disease. For tooth loss, three nonstudy site teeth with pockets deeper than 6 mm and/or furcation involvements were lost because of periodontal abscesses in the adult group treated for periodontal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Cervical necrotising fasciitis--a rare complication of periodontal disease.

Necrotising fasciitis is a potentially fatal soft tissue infection that rarely occurs in the head and neck region. A case is reported of necrotising fasciitis arising from a periodontal abscess. The historical aspects of this infection are sketched through antiquity and its current management summarised. Prompt diagnosis and surgical debridement are the main stay of treatment. Burge and Watson suggested that success depended on 'be bloody, bold and resolute'.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Septic pulmonary embolism due to periodontal disease in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

A patient suffering from multiple episodes of fever and chills due to septic pulmonary emboli is reported. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia was involving the mucous membranes of his oral cavity and the stomach but not the pulmonary vascular bed. Since no other infectious embolic sources were found and the patient's pulmonary infection was not extirpated by a prolonged course of antibiotics but only cured after surgical treatment of multiple periodontal abscesses, we speculate that gingival arteriovenous malformations being involved by periodontitis were the source of small septic emboli.

Abscess↗
PubMed2004

Undifferentiated malignant neoplasm involving the interdental gingiva: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Metastases to the gingiva are uncommon. They can be a diagnostic challenge clinically because of their rarity and tendency to mimic benign lesions. In this report, we present a case of an undifferentiated malignant neoplasm of unknown origin presenting as benign inflammatory gingival lesions and we review the literature on metastases to the gingiva. METHODS: A 44-year-old female patient was referred by a local periodontist for evaluation of multiple painless gingival lesions that clinically resembled pyogenic granulomas or periodontal abscesses, but with an uncharacteristic multifocal presentation in the background of good oral hygiene. Her medical history was unremarkable except for recent weight loss. Periapical radiographs were obtained, as well as two incisional biopsies, one placed in formalin for routine histology and immunohistochemistry, the other in phosphate buffered saline for flow cytometry. RESULTS: Radiographic findings were non-contributory for hard tissue pathoses. Histopathological findings were consistent with a poorly differentiated malignancy, suggestive of metastatic disease. Immunohistochemical studies and flow cytometry were unsupportive in delineating any tumor differentiation. The patient subsequently developed multiple tumors throughout the body with similar histopathological findings, yet no primary tumor was identified and a definitive diagnosis could not be rendered. She was discharged one month later in poor condition with the principal diagnosis of hemorrhage/ pancytopenia, and a secondary diagnosis of metastatic head and neck cancer. CONCLUSION: This case of malignant metastatic tumor of unknown origin presenting as benign gingival lesions illustrates the importance of thorough patient evaluation, which should include a biopsy when necessary for definitive diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The evaluation of the clinical efficacy and tolerance of azithromycin in odontostomatological infections].

BACKGROUND: Common oral bacteria are involved in the etiology of odontostomatological infections and there is a prevalence of Gram negative anaerobic microorganisms that are increasingly often found to be resistant to common beta-lactamases. In the light of this phenomenon, the use of beta-lactamases has been replaced by macrolides. The development of azithromycin, which is active against anaerobes and characterised by a wider spectrum of action against Gram negative bacteria, has opened new horizons in the therapeutic approach to odontostomatological infections. AIMS: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and the tolerability of azithromycin in odontostomatological infections. The study was performed using an open test method, without a comparative drug. METHODS: One hundred patients, including 51 males and 49 females aged between 18 and 64 years old, were included in the study. These patients showed clinical and radiographic symptoms of acute apical periodontitis, periodontal abscess, or third molar dysodontiasis. They were divided into three groups. The drug protocol used was 500 mg/day for three days. The efficacy of the antibiotic was assessed one week after the start of treatment by evaluating the evolution of the pathology on the basis of subjective symptoms (pain) and objective signs (reddening, swelling, basal temperature). A progressive system was used to quantify the clinical findings using an arbitrary score from 0 to 3. The tolerability of treatment was evaluated by recording any signs observed in the patients' data records. RESULTS: The initial mean score for painful symptoms passed from 2.88 to 0.34. The initial mean score for the reddening parameter also fell from 2.3 to 0.34. The same results were found for the reddening sign which presented a mean value of 2.1 at the start of treatment and 0.38 at the end. The 8 patients who presented fever also showed a remission. The overall incidence of side effects was 8%. The side effects affected the gastrointestinal tract. CONCLUSIONS: From an analysis of these results it can be affirmed that azithromycin achieved good therapeutic results in odontostomatological infections in terms of both efficacy and tolerability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Experimental study on the pathogenesis of Entamoeba gingivalis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the pathogenesis of Entamoeba gingivalis (E. g.) and its relation to periodontal diseases. METHODS: Rats were treated with immuno-inhibitor for one week and the neck of incisor teeth of the rats was bound with steel wire. They were randomly divided into three groups: the first group was infected by E. g. in the periodontal tissue, the second group was infected by symbiotic bacteria (s. b.), and the third group was given physiological saline as control. Observation on the periodontal inflammation was made for each group of rats, and the purulent secretion from periodontal abscess was examined for living pathogens. RESULTS: The incidence of periodontal diseases in rats infected by E. g. was higher than that of symbiotic bacteria group and that of control (P < 0.05), the incidence of periodontal diseases in rats infected by s. b. was higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). Living pathogens were found in the abscess liquid. CONCLUSION: E. g. is an opportunistic pathogen, which, together with synergistic symbiotic bacteria, can cause periodontal diseases in hosts with low immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Incidence of caries and abscesses in archeological Eskimo skeletal samples from Point Hope and Kodiak Island, Alaska.

The incidence of caries and abscesses in 246 archeologically derived skeletal specimens from the Ipiutak and Tigara levels at Point Hope, Alaska, and 79 specimens excavated from Jones Point, Kodiak Island, Alaska were investigated. All three collections span long periods of time. Only pre-white contact specimens were used. Each specimen was sexed and aged in five year groupings, using standard techniques. Caries and abscesses were recorded by type and degree of severity and correlated with age, sex, and site of origin. All samples displayed very low caries rates and few abscesses per tooth and per individual (both observed frequencies, and frequencies corrected for postmortem loss of teeth). DMF scores were tabulated using both observed and corrected frequencies. Very heavy occlusal wear in all three samples could account for the majority of abscesses and pulp exposures, while the low caries rates are attributable to traditional diets totally devoid of refined sugars, starches, and food additives.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Observations of dental diseases among prehistoric populations of Hungary.

The incidence of dental disease among people in developing countries today raises questions about the variation in the oral health of prehistoric populations. Considering these questions, we offer observations describing several types of dental disease which occurred among certain prehistoric populations of Hungary. The dental remains of 162 individuals recovered from seven sites of the Neolithic, Copper, and Bronze Age periods were examined for evidence of caries, hypoplasia, and periodontal disease. Appropriate methods were used to describe and record these dental lesions. The incidence of dental caries was low by comparison to other prehistoric agriculturists except for two forms of root caries: cervical and cemental. These types accounted for 68% of all the carious teeth recorded. Enamel hypoplasia was also lower than expected, occurring on only 4% of the total number of teeth. Periodontal abscesses were rare but other milder forms of periodontal lesions were frequent. Alveolar bone resorption occurred in varying degrees and followed the expected age distribution. The few exceptions were children or adolescents whose crania had other lesions suggesting a mineral metabolic disturbance. The lower incidence of enamel caries is likely due to high fluoride ingestion which also may have influenced the expression of enamel hypoplasia. No clear population trends were seen in dental disease incidence except for cemental caries which were found among Copper and Bronze Age remains.

Adolescent↗