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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Genetic analysis of nothoapiol formation in Perilla frutescens.

A new essential oil chemotype of Perilla frutescens was found in that plant variety from Che-ju island in Korea. The steam-distilled oil of this plant was examined by GC-MS and 32 compounds were identified. Its principal constituents were beta-caryophyllene, dillapiol and nothoapiol. Also, crossing experiments were performed between the new chemotype and known chemotypes to clarify the genetic control of the production of nothoapiol. The gene Na, which promotes conversion from dillapiol to nothoapiol, was suggested, and was considered to be closely linked with the allele D.

Allylbenzene Derivatives↗
PubMed2002

In vitro and in vivo effects of macrophage-stimulatory polysaccharide from leaves of Perilla frutescens var. crispa.

The crude polysaccharide (PFB-1) was isolated from the leaves of Perilla frutescens var. crispa by the sequential procedures with hot-water extraction, methanol reflux, and ethanol precipitation. It was further purified by anion column chromatography in order to obtain the partially purified polysaccharide (PFB-1-0). In the presence of PFB-1-0, strong cellular lysosomal enzyme activity of murine peritoneal macrophages was observed in vitro. Compared to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), its activity was relatively high. The in vitro phagocytic activity was enhanced by PFB-1-0 as the similar pattern in both gram-negative bacteria, E. coli, and gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus with a time-dependent manner. We also investigated the production of several mediators by murine peritoneal macrophages upon stimulation with PFB-1 (in vivo) or PFB-1-0 (in vitro). The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were increased in the presence of PFB-1-0 in vitro. The PFB-1 stimulated the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in vivo. Results suggest that the polysaccharide from P. frutescens var. crispa represents an immunopotentiator and biological response modifiers in vitro and in vivo levels.

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor↗
PubMed1990

Two new potent inhibitors of xanthine oxidase from leaves of Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo.

A known and a new caffeic ester (1 and 2), new inhibitors of xanthine oxidase (XO), were isolated from leaves of Perilla frutescens var. acuta and their structures have been established as (Z,E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl ester (1) and (Z,E)-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl ester (2) of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid, respectively, based on detailed spectral studies, including 2D COSY, long range COSY, difference NOE, etc. Both caffeic esters strongly inhibited XO in vitro and especially, the inhibition by 1 was as potent as that by allopurinol. The inhibition mode of 1 was also shown to be non-competitive.

Plants, Medicinal↗
PubMed1995

Novel antioxidants from roasted perilla seed.

Novel antioxidants, 5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenylmethyl)oxazolidine-2,4-dione (1) and 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactamide (2), have been isolated from roasted perilla seed. Compound 1 was the first example of non-synthetic oxazolidinedione.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1985

Species susceptibility to the pulmonary toxicity of 3-furyl isoamyl ketone (perilla ketone): in vivo support for involvement of the lung monooxygenase system.

To explore a possible relationship between metabolism and lethality, the acute toxicity of naturally occurring perilla ketone (PK), 1-(3-furyl)-4-methyl-pentan-1-one, was examined in the uninduced mouse, hamster, rabbit, dog and pig. The LD50 (+/- SE), determined using intraperitoneal (ip) injection, for the mouse and hamster were low at 5.0 +/- .3 and 13.7 +/- .9 mg/kg, respectively. The rabbit died from an ip dosage of near 14 mg/kg and estimated ip LD50 dosages were quite high for the dog and pig, being 106 +/- 25 mg/kg and over 158 mg/kg, respectively. Dogs and the pig that died from ip injections of PK displayed varying degrees of midzonal and centrilobular liver damage and dogs also had elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activities. In contrast, rodents and rabbits display only pulmonary toxicity from this agent. Cytochromes P-450 and b5 concentrations and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity were determined for the lung, liver and kidney of mice, hamsters, rabbits, dogs, swine, sheep and cattle. High correlation between lethality and enzyme concentration further supports the hypothesis that enzymatic bioactivation of PK is required for toxicity in all species.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed2000

Inhibitory effect of mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions in rats by Perilla frutescens.

We investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Perilla frutescens (Labiatae) (PFAE) on the mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions. PFAE (0.05 to 1 g/kg) dose-dependently inhibited systemic allergic reaction induced by compound 48/80 in rats. PFAE (0.1 and 1 g/kg) also significantly inhibited local allergic reaction activated by anti-DNP IgE. When PFAE was pretreated at the same concentrations with systemic allergic reaction test, the plasma histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. PFAE (10(-3) to 1 mg/ml) dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. The level of cyclic AMP in RPMC, When PFAE (1 mg/ml) was added, transiently and significantly increased about 4-fold compared with that of basal cells. Moreover, PFAE (0.001 and 0.01 mg/ml) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. These results indicate that PFAE inhibits mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions in vivo and in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Long-term effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid from perilla oil on serum fatty acids composition and on the risk factors of coronary heart disease in Japanese elderly subjects.

Although important roles of dietary n-3 fatty acids in the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) have been suggested, long-term effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) have not yet been established under controlled conditions. We tested whether a moderate increase of dietary ALA affects fatty acids composition in serum and the risk factors of CHD. Oxidized LDL (OxLDL) was directly measured by ELISA using antibody specific to OxLDL. By merely replacing soybean cooking oil (SO) with perilla oil (PO) (i.e., increasing 3 g/d of ALA), the n-6/n-3 ratio in the diet was changed from 4:1 to 1:1. Twenty Japanese elderly subjects were initially given a SO diet for at least 6 mo (baseline period), a PO diet for 10 mo (intervention period), and then returned to the previous SO diet (washout period). ALA in the total serum lipid increased from 0.8 to 1.6% after 3 mo on the PO diet, but EPA and DHA increased in a later time, at 10 mo after the PO diet, from 2.5 to 3.6% and 5.3 to 6.4%, respectively (p<0.05), and then returned to baseline in the washout period. In spite of increases of serum n-3 fatty acids, the OxLDL concentration did not change significantly when given the PO diet. Body weight, total serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose, insulin and HbA1c concentrations, platelet count and aggregation function, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen and PAI-1 concentration, and other routine blood analysis did not change significantly when given the PO diet. These data indicate that, even in elderly subjects, a 3 g/d increase of dietary ALA could increase serum EPA and DHA in 10 mo without any major adverse effects.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Inhibition of antigen-specific T helper type 2 responses by Perilla frutescens extract].

Perilla frutescens leaf extract (PFE) is known as a natural medicine with anti-allergic activities, although its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of PFE on antigen-specific antibody and on cytokine production. Mice were immunized three times (weekly) with sugi basic protein (SBP), a major allergen of Japanese cedar pollen, in alum adjuvant. PFE was injected intraperitoneally into mice on day 2 before and on the day of each immunization with SBP in alum adjuvant. Serum anti-SBP IgE and IgG 1 antibody levels were significantly suppressed in mice injected with PFE. Furthermore, the production of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-10 by SBP-stimulated splenocyses also decreased in PFE-injected mice in a dose-dependent manner. However, PFE had no effect on either the serum anti-SBP IgG 2 a antibody levels or on interferon (INF)-gamma production by splenocytes. When splenocytes were stimulated with concanavalin A, there was no difference in cytokine production between mice injected with PFE and control mice injected with vehicle. SBP-specific T cell line established in the presence of PFE from the lymph node cells of mice immunized with SBP showed reduced IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 production compared with that established in the absence of PFE. In contrast, comparable levels of IFN-gamma production were observed between these two T cell lines. These data suggest that PFE down-regulates Th 2-type cytokine production and prevents the Th 1/Th 2 balance from polarizing toward Th 2-type immune responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Morphology of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema induced by Perilla ketone in sheep.

A single infusion of Perilla ketone (PK) into sheep causes marked increases in lung fluid and solute exchange in the absence of any alteration in either pulmonary arterial or left atrial pressures. These alterations are most compatible with increased pulmonary microvascular permeability. The present paper describes the morphologic changes that accompany the previously described alterations in lung function. In five anesthetized open-chest sheep, lung biopsy tissue was taken at baseline and at 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after the start of a single infusion of PK (15-20 mg/kg given over a 20 minute period). Biopsy tissue was taken from different lobes of the lung in random sequence, fixed, and processed for light and electron microscopic examination. Three control sheep received the vehicle, dimethyl sulfoxide, alone. Just 15 minutes after the start of PK infusion, alveolar capillary congestion, accumulation of peripheral lung neutrophils, and intraalveolar and interstitial edema were apparent. Electron microscopy revealed early evidence of damage to both the microvascular endothelial cells and Type I pneumonocytes. The damage became more severe with time. From 30 minutes, occasional nonciliated cells in the airway epithelium exhibited dilated rough and agranular endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, PK causes rapid onset of pulmonary edema accompanied by structural evidence of damage to the microvascular endothelium and Type I pneumonocytes. Pulmonary inflammation was also evident. These structural changes occur before the described alterations in either pulmonary microvascular permeability or reduction in pulmonary compliance.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effects of biological factors on cell growth and anthocyanin formation by suspended cultures of Perilla frutescens cells.

Effects of biological factors (i.e., size of cell aggregates, subculture period, and inoculum density) on cell growth and production of anthocyanin pigment (a secondary metabolite) by suspended cultures of Perilla frutescens plant cells were investigated on a flask scale. It was found that anthocyanin content was lower in a culture inoculated with cells of size greater than 250 microns, compared with unscreen-sized cells or cells smaller than 250 microns. Subculture periods of 7 and 10 days were suitable for the cell cultures since favorable growth and a high level of anthocyanin content were maintained during a long period of subculture. An inoculum density (wet cells) of 50 g/L was the best for both the cell growth and pigment accumulation in flask culture of P. frutescens cells.

Anthocyanins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of intravenous perilla oil emulsion on nutritional status, polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of tissue phospholipids, and thromboxane A2 production in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The effects of a perilla oil (PO) emulsion rich in alpha-linolenic acid, administered by intravenous infusion, on nutritional status, fatty acid composition, and thromboxane A2 production were compared with those of a soybean oil (SO) emulsion in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats given a fat-free diet for 7 days. The PO emulsion improved body weight gain and nitrogen balance compared with the SO emulsion and reduced thromboxane A2 production by platelets. The PO emulsion also increased the proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid, but decreased that of arachidonic acid, in liver and serum phospholipids. Plasma insulin concentrations and blood biochemical indices were similar in the two groups. An intravenously infused PO emulsion effectively reduces thromboxane A2 production through changes in the fatty acid composition of liver and serum phospholipids, as with oral administration, and improves the nutritional status of diabetic rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Long-term effect of a trace amount of tea catechins with perilla oil on the plasma lipids in mice.

Cholesterol-free diets, which contain 0.003% tea catechins with perilla oil rich in alpha-linolenic acid, were given to male mice for periods of 6 and 15 months. Cholesterol levels decreased significantly in mice fed the catechin diet for 6 and 15 months compared to the animals fed the control diet. The phospholipid level of mice fed the catechin diet for 15 months was lower than that of animals fed the control diet. No marked difference in triglyceride levels between the catechin and control diet groups was observed. Hardly any enhancing effects of catechins on the percentages of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma lipids were found, although the eicosapentaenoic acid level at 15 months was reduced in the catechin diet group.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Antidepressant-like effects of apigenin and 2,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid from Perilla frutescens in the forced swimming test.

We studied the effects of apigenin and 2,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) on the behavioral despair test (forced swimming test), and the central noradrenergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic activities in mice. Apigenin at intraperitoneal doses of 12.5 and 25 mg/kg significantly decreased the duration of immobility in the forced swimming test in mice. At 100 mg/kg, the duration of immobility was returned to the control level in the test. On the other hand, TMCA treatment (25-200 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to significantly alter the duration of immobility. Based on the behavioral data, we examined changes in the monoamine turnover in mice having been subjected to forced swimming for 40 min. The monoamine turnover was measured in seven brain regions. Forced swimming exposure induced a significant decrease in dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)/dopamine (DA) in the striatum and amygdala and in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)/5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT) in the hypothalamus, and a significant increase in DOPAC/DA in the thalamus and hypothalamus and in 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG)/norepinephrine (NE) in the amygdala, frontal cortex, hypothalamus, and midbrain. Apigenin (25 mg/kg) treatment produced attenuation of forced swim test-induced decrease of DA turnover in the amygdala and increase of DA turnover in the hypothalamus. Furthermore, intraperitoneal administration of haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg), a dopamine D(2) antagonist, blocked the apigenin (25 mg/kg)-induced decrease in immobility in the forced swimming test. These behavioral and biochemical results indicate the antidepressant properties of apigenin, which may be mediated by the dopaminergic mechanisms in the mouse brain.

Acrolein↗