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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

The fronto-orbital osteotomy as plastic-reconstructive approach to the anterior and middle skull base.

Introduction: A combined extra-intracranial access for the operative exploration of tumours of the anterior and middle skull base is indicated when the tumour extends intracranially and simultaneously into the nasal cavity, the paranasal sinuses or the orbit. Methods: Two standardized modifications of the fronto-orbital osteotomy, the fronto-orbito-nasal and the fronto-orbito-zygomatic osteotomy, allow safe removal of skull base tumours in these locations. In extensive skull base tumours, a modified bilateral fronto-orbital-zygomatic osteotomy can be used. Results: Between February 1993 and July 2000 skull base tumours in 111 patients were resected using the presented methods. The most frequent tumour type was meningioma in 29 cases. Complications were encountered in 13 cases (11.7%). Conclusion: The advantages over other approaches are good extra- and intracranial overview and minimal cerebral trauma. Additional transfacial incisions are not usually necessary. Exact repositioning of the fronto-orbital segments leads to optimal aesthetic results. Copyright 2001 European Association for Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Neural plasticity: Part 1. Plasticity in the developing nervous system: prenatal maturation.

The origin and development of the nervous system is a gradual process of cell division, migration, and specialization. The establishment of neural circuits requires cell-to-cell recognition. Despite an unceasing search, the mechanisms accounting for this cell-to-cell recognition remain unknown. In contrast, the stages in prenatal development from conception to birth and the sequence of events in the formation of the nervous system are known in considerable detail. The major purpose of Part 1 is to review the ontogeny of the spinal nervous system, with emphasis on the continuous remodeling phenomena that occur as a result of changes in neuronal activity or in the biochemical milieu. The underlying rationale for focusing on the details of prenatal maturation is to identify and analyze cell-to-cell interactions and to define their critical periods. This type of information is expected to provide explanations for previously unexplained developmental phenomena, to improve ability to diagnose and prognosticate in newborns with congenital anomalies of the nervous system, and to provide therapists with insights for improving treatment techniques for neonates with neurological deficits.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Neural plasticity: Part 2. Postnatal maturation and function-induced plasticity.

At birth, the central nervous system has completed most of its early stages of cell division, migration, and specialization. Much of the neural circuitry has been laid down. Neuroblasts are continuing to divide only in limited brain regions. Hence, at birth, most mammals have a nearly full complement of neurons. Nonetheless, the functional capabilities of the central nervous system of the newborn have little resemblance to those of the adult. Postnatal maturation must proceed in the proper sequence and at the proper rate if central nervous system deficits in the adult are to be avoided. Many of the prenatal maturational phenomena described in the previous paper continue well into the postnatal period. The purpose of this paper is to describe some postnatal maturational mechanisms and to show, by selected examples, the important role that function and experience play in central nervous system development.

Animals↗