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PubMed1978

[Ultrastructural organization of the mammalian pineal body during postnatal ontogenesis].

Ultrastructural organization of the components composing the mammal pineal gland is analyzed on the basis of literature data and personal observations. Variations in the form, size and ultrastructural organization of the cellular elements in the pineal gland--pinealocytes, interstitial and glial cells--are discussed. The problem of dark and light pinealocytes is considered as a part of a general biological problem on the presence of dark and light cells as a reflection of the law on "intermittent activity of functional structures". An attention is paid to the organization of the microcirculatory bed and pericapillary space to the peculiarities of the secretory process in the organ. Dynamic changes in the cytologic organization of pinealocytes and other components of the organ in the postnatal ontogenesis are presented in detales.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Statistical weight study of the human pineal body, hypophysis and brain].

The ponderal statistical study of the human pineal gland (899 cases), of the hypophysis (465 cases) and of the encephalon (923 cases) shows: 1) An important ponderal difference between the two sexes for the hypophysis (heavier in women) and for the encephalon (heavier in men) while the weight of the pineal gland is the same in men and in women. 2) An important ponderal involution during the last decades of a lifetime for the encephalon in both sexes, more precocius in women, a tardy involution for the female hypophysis and a nearly inexistant involution for the pineal gland in both men and women. 3) A marked involution of the pineal gland as well as a weight diminution of the encephalon in cases of hepatic disorders, (the largest number of cases in our series concerning alcoholic hepatic cirrhosis) while the hypophysis remains unchanged. The two endocranian glands show important ponderal differences of evolution in the course of a lifetime, in both sexes and in certain pathological conditions, differences that can possibly be explained by their distinct embryological origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

An embryonic pineal body as a multipotent system in cell differentiation.

The differentiating potency of pineal cells from 8-day quail embryos was studied with cell culture. It was found that the differentiation of striated muscle fibres occurred abundantly in the pineal cells cultured in hypertonic culture conditions. Muscle nature of these fibres was confirmed by utilizing the antiserum against the striated muscle type creatine kinase (MM-CK). When CO2, NAHCO3, NaCl, KCl and MgCl2 were added in hypertonic concentrations, extensive myogenesis occurred in cultured pineal cells. Myogenesis in pineal cultures began as early as 2 days and, after 3 days in the medium with 75 mM additional NaCl, reached 100-fold when compared with that in the isotonic medium. Muscle fibres from pineal cells in culture were similar in morphology to the skeletal muscle fibres of mesodermal origin in situ. Myogenesis of pineal cells under hypertonic conditions was accompanied by the synthesis of a unique 56 x 10(3) Mr protein, which was not found in the intrinsic muscle cells. Clonal cell culture revealed that about 80% of clonable pineal cells were myogenic precursors. Pineal cells of 8-day quail embryos were not only myogenic but oculopotent (melanogenic and lentoidogenic) in cultures. This study examined whether multipotential progenitor cells with both potentials are present in the pineal or not. The results showed that at least 16% of all clonable pineal cells were multipotent precursors. The embryonic pineal is considered to be a typical multipotent system in parallel with the pigmented and neural retina, the neural crest and the teratocarcinoma.

Animals↗