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PubMedDate not supplied

Runoff phosphorus losses as related to phosphorus source, application method, and application rate on a Piedmont soil.

Land application of animal manures and fertilizers has resulted in an increased potential for excessive P losses in runoff to nutrient-sensitive surface waters. The purpose of this research was to measure P losses in runoff from a bare Piedmont soil in the southeastern United States receiving broiler litter or inorganic P fertilizer either incorporated or surface-applied at varying P application rates (inorganic P, 0-110 kg P ha(-1); broiler litter, 0-82 kg P ha(-1)). Rainfall simulation was applied at a rate of 76 mm h(-1). Runoff samples were collected at 5-min intervals for 30 min and analyzed for reactive phosphorus (RP), algal-available phosphorus (AAP), and total phosphorus (TP). Incorporation of both P sources resulted in P losses not significantly different than the unfertilized control at all application rates. Incorporation of broiler litter decreased flow-weighted concentration of RP in runoff by 97% and mass loss of TP in runoff by 88% compared with surface application. Surface application of broiler litter resulted in runoff containing between 2.3 and 21.8 mg RP L(-1) for application rates of 8 to 82 kg P ha(-1), respectively. Mass loss of TP in runoff from surface-applied broiler litter ranged from 1.3 to 8.5 kg P ha(-1) over the same application rates. Flow-weighted concentrations of RP and mass losses of TP in runoff were not related to application rate when inorganic P fertilizer was applied to the soil surface. Results for this study can be used by P loss assessment tools to fine-tune P source, application rate, and application method site factors, and to estimate extreme-case P loss from cropland receiving broiler litter and inorganic P fertilizers.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surface runoff losses of phosphorus from Virginia soils amended with turkey manure using phytase and high available phosphorus corn diets.

Many states have passed legislation that regulates agricultural P applications based on soil P levels and crop P uptake in an attempt to protect surface waters from nonpoint P inputs. Phytase enzyme and high available phosphorus (HAP) corn supplements to poultry feed are considered potential remedies to this problem because they can reduce total P concentrations in manure. However, less is known about their water solubility of P and potential nonpoint-source P losses when land-applied. This study was conducted to determine the effects of phytase enzyme and HAP corn supplemented diets on runoff P concentrations from pasture soils receiving surface applications of turkey manure. Manure from five poultry diets consisting of various combinations of phytase enzyme, HAP corn, and normal phytic acid (NPA) corn were surface-applied at 60 kg P ha(-1) to runoff boxes containing tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and placed under a rainfall simulator for runoff collection. The alternative diets caused a decrease in manure total P and water soluble phosphorus (WSP) compared with the standard diet. Runoff dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentrations were significantly higher from HAP manure-amended soils while DRP losses from other manure treatments were not significantly different from each other. The DRP concentrations in runoff were not directly related to manure WSP. Instead, because the mass of manure applied varied for each treatment causing different amounts of manure particles lost in runoff, the runoff DRP concentrations were influenced by a combination of runoff sediment concentrations and manure WSP.

6-Phytase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phosphorus runoff from incorporated and surface-applied liquid swine manure and phosphorus fertilizer.

Excessive fertilization with organic and/or inorganic P amendments to cropland increases the potential risk of P loss to surface waters. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil test P level, source, and application method of P amendments on P in runoff following soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The treatments consisted of two rates of swine (Sus scrofa domestica) liquid manure surface-applied and injected, 54 kg P ha(-1) triple superphosphate (TSP) surface-applied and incorporated, and a control with and without chisel-plowing. Rainfall simulations were conducted one month (1MO) and six months (6MO) after P amendment application for 2 yr. Soil injection of swine manure compared with surface application resulted in runoff P concentration decreases of 93, 82, and 94%, and P load decreases of 99, 94, and 99% for dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total phosphorus (TP), and algal-available phosphorus (AAP), respectively. Incorporation of TSP also reduced P concentration in runoff significantly. Runoff P concentration and load from incorporated amendments did not differ from the control. Factors most strongly related to P in runoff from the incorporated treatments included Bray P1 soil extraction value for DRP concentration, and Bray P1 and sediment content in runoff for AAP and TP concentration and load. Injecting manure and chisel-plowing inorganic fertilizer reduced runoff P losses, decreased runoff volumes, and increased the time to runoff, thus minimizing the potential risk of surface water contamination. After incorporating the P amendments, controlling erosion is the main target to minimize TP losses from agricultural soils.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Effects of phosphorus application methods on phosphorus loss on sloping land under simulated rainfall].

A simulated rainfall experiment was conducted to study the effects of three phosphorus application methods on phosphorus loss and its forms in loss process. The results showed that the bio-available P (BAP) loss in runoff was positively correlated to the mixed intensity of P applied into soil. Under mixed application (MA), the dissolved phosphorus (DP) concentration, BAP concentration, DP/BAP and BAP/TP ratio in runoff were all the highest, and those under point application (PA) were the second. Under line application (LA), DP and BAP concentrations were low, DP/BAP and BAP/TP ratio were also relatively low, and the difference compared with control was insignificant. According to the reduction of P loss, the order of the three P application methods was LA > PA > MA.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2005

Biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal with biological aerated filter using denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organism.

In order to accomplish the biological nutrient removal with a weak sewage at low temperature, a hybrid process consisted of anoxic denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organism (dPAO) and nitrifying biological aerated filter (BAF) was studied in both lab and field pilot plants with weak sewage. The biofilm BAF was used as a post-nitrification process that provided sufficient nitrate to suspended growth dPAO. The anoxic/BAF configuration could remove nitrogen and phosphorus appreciably compared to other BNR systems. The enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) was mainly occurred in anoxic zone of suspended growth reactor. It has been found that P removal efficiency of dPAO was enhanced with an addition of a short oxic zone in suspended reactors compared to that of without oxic zone. However, the degree of aerobic P uptake in oxic zone was far lower than anoxic P uptake. The operating results of field plant indicated that dPAO/BAF configuration successfully reduced the adverse temperature effects at lower than 15 degrees C.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed1996

Hexacoordinate Phosphorus. 7. Synthesis and Characterization of Neutral Phosphorus(V) Compounds Containing Divalent Tridentate Diphenol Imine, Azo, and Thio Ligands.

The reactions of bis(trimethylsilyl)ated forms of the Schiff base ligands N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)salicylideneamine {(HO)C(6)H(4)N(CH)C(6)H(4)(OH)}, N-(4-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)salicylideneamine {(HO)((t)Bu)C(6)H(3)N(CH)C(6)H(4)(OH)}, N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)salicylideneamine {(HO)(O(2)N)C(6)H(3)N(CH)C(6)H(4)(OH)}, and the structurally related ligand 2,2'-azophenol with halogeno- and (trifluoromethyl)halogenophosphoranes yield a series of neutral hexacoordinate phosphorus(V) compounds by means of trimethylsilyl halide elimination. In all of these cases the ligands chelate in a meridional conformation in which bicyclic five- and six-membered chelate rings are formed through structures containing two phenolic P-O bonds and one N-P bond. The hexacoordinate nature of these compounds is evidenced by their high-field (31)P NMR chemical shifts and their characteristic J(PF) coupling patterns and is further substantiated by the crystal structures of {O((t)Bu)C(6)H(3)N(CH)C(6)H(4)O}PCl(3) and {OC(6)H(4)N=NC(6)H(4)O}PF(3). Crystal data for {O((t)Bu)C(6)H(3)N(CH)C(6)H(4)O}PCl(3): triclinic, space group P&onemacr; (No. 2), a = 11.167(1) Å, b = 15.684(1) Å, c = 17.047(2) Å, V = 2840(1) Å(3), Z = 2. Final R and R(w) values were 0.051 and 0.079, respectively. Crystal data for {OC(6)H(4)N=NC(6)H(4)O}PF(3): monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c (No. 14), a = 6.9393(8) Å, b = 12.450(2) Å, c = 13.907(2) Å, V = 1190.7(6) Å(3), Z = 4. Final R and R(w) values were 0.045 and 0.056, respectively. The molecular structures of {O((t)Bu)C(6)H(3)N(CH)C(6)H(4)O}PCl(3) and {OC(6)H(4)N=NC(6)H(4)O}PF(3) show that in both cases the Schiff base ligand chelates occupy the meridional plane about the six-coordinate phosphorus atom. In the case of {OC(6)H(4)N=NC(6)H(4)O}PF(3) the equivalent nitrogen atoms in the chelate rings are disordered to form half-occupancy pairs. The silylated form of the related thiobis(phenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4,6-tert-butylphenol), reacted similarly with pentavalent halides to form the six-coordinate complex [{2-O-3,5-((t)Bu)(2)C(6)H(2)}(2)S]PCl(3) which was also verified by a crystal structure. Crystal data for [{2-O-3,5-((t)Bu)(2)C(6)H(2)}(2)S]PCl(3): monoclinic P2(1)/n, a = 13.989(2), b = 13.594(2), c = 16.483(2) Å, beta = 97.98(2) degrees, V = 3104(2) Å(3), Z = 4; final R and R(w)() values were 0.039 and 0.052, respectively. In contrast to the above six coordinate complexes, this compound possesses a facial structure in which two phenoxy substituents form planar chelates centered on the bridging sulfur and intersecting at the P-S axis. The P-S bond length, 2.331(1) Å, is slightly shorter than has been previously observed in the example wherein the ligand possesses two tert-butyl groups and the phosphorus carries three OCH(2)CF(3 )substituents indicating stronger interaction between P and S in the present case.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Platinum-Assisted Addition of Carbonyl-Stabilized Phosphorus Ylides to Pentafluorobenzonitrile and Acetonitrile To Give Platinum(II) Complexes Containing Iminophosphorane and/or N-Bonded beta-Imino Phosphorus Ylide Ligands. Crystal and Molecular Structures of trans-[PtCl(2){E-NH=C(C(6)F(5))C(=PPh(3))C(O)Me}(2)] and trans-[PtCl(2){E-N(=PPh(3))C(C(6)F(5))=CHCO(2)Et}{E-NH=C(C(6)F(5))C(=PPh(3))CO(2)Et}].

PtCl(2) reacts with C(6)F(5)CN to give trans-[PtCl(2)(NCC(6)F(5))(2)] (1) which, in turn, reacts with carbonyl-stabilized phosphorus ylides Ph(3)P=CHR [R = C(O)Me, CO(2)Et] to give trans-[PtCl(2){NH=C(C(6)F(5))C(=PPh(3))CO(2)Et}{NCC(6)F(5)}] (2a), trans-[PtCl(2){NH=C(C(6)F(5))C(=PPh(3))CO(2)Et}(2)] (3a), trans-[PtCl(2){E-NH=C(C(6)F(5))C(=PPh(3))C(O)Me}(2)] (3b) or trans-[PtCl(2){E-N(=PPh(3))C(C(6)F(5))=CHCO(2)Et}{E-NH=C(C(6)F(5))C(=PPh(3))CO(2)Et}] (4), depending on the reaction conditions. Similarly, Ph(3)P=CHCO(2)Me reacts with trans-[PtCl(2)(NCMe)(2)] to give trans-[PtCl(2){NH=CMeC(=PPh(3))CO(2)Me}(NCMe)] (2b). Complex 3b.CH(2)Cl(2) crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P&onemacr;, with a = 7.596(2) Å, b = 12.694(3) Å, c = 16.962(3) Å, alpha = 104.28(3) degrees, beta = 102.73(3) degrees, gamma = 104.43(3) degrees, V = 1464.2(6) Å(3), and Z = 1. The structure was refined to values of R1 = 0.0411 and wR2 = 0.1172 [I >2sigma(I)] and shows two chloro and two N-bonded beta-imino phosphorus ylide ligands in a trans geometry. Complex 4 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/c, with a = 16.400(8) Å, b = 14.354(7) Å, c = 23.221(12) Å, alpha = 90(3) degrees, beta = 92.42(2) degrees, gamma = 90 degrees, V = 5462(5) Å(3), and Z = 4. The structure was refined to values of R1 = 0.0246 and wR2 = 0.0557 [I >2sigma(I)]. This complex has also a trans-geometry and shows that while the attack of the ylide on one of the nitrile ligands produces a beta-imino-phosphorus ylide ligand the addition on the second nitrile leads to an iminophosphorane ligand.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Phosphorus-phosphorus coupling in a diphosphine with a ten bond P...P separation.

The large, unsymmetrical diphosphine 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,26-bis(diphenylphosphinomethoxy)-27(or 28)-benzoyloxy-28(or 27)-hydroxycalix[4]arene, in which the phosphorus atoms are separated by ten bonds, was prepared by monobenzoylation of 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,26-bis(diphenylphosphinoylmethoxy)-27,28-bis(hydroxy)calix[4]arene, followed by reduction with phenyl silane. Its molecular structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography. In the solid state, the phosphorus atoms are separated by 5.333(1) A. NMR investigations reveal an unexpected "through-space"J(PP') coupling constant of 8.0 Hz and also show that, in solution, the calixarene is conformationally mobile, the phenoxy ring flipping rapidly through the calixarene annulus. The spatial proximity of the two phosphorus atoms was further demonstrated by the ease of obtaining the cis-chelate complex [Pd(eta3-C3H4Me)(THF)2]BF4 (THF = tetrahydrofuran).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Isolation of a benzene valence isomer with one-electron phosphorus-phosphorus bonds

A tetraphosphabenzene analog of the postulated anti-tricyclohexylene, a singlet biradical valence isomer of benzene, has been isolated. The tricyclic derivative features one-electron phosphorus-phosphorus bonds, which result from the pi*-pi* interaction between two diphosphirenyl radicals. Such one-electron bonds may play a wider role in phosphorus chemistry.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1978

Phosphorus-containing pesticide breakdown products: quantitative utilization as phosphorus sources by bacteria.

Bacteria were isolated that could utilize representatives of the following ionic phosphorus-containing breakdown products of organophosphorus pesticides as sole phosphorus sources: dialkyl phosphates, dialkyl phosphorothioates, dialkyl phosphorodithioates, alkyl arylphosphonates, alkyl arylphosphonothioates, and alkyl alkylphosphonates. Utilization of each organophosphorus compound, which was complete for 7 of 12 compounds studied, was confirmed by determination of protein yield from the amount of phosphorus source consumed. This is the first report of the utilization of an ionic dialkyl thiophosphate or dithiophosphate by microorganisms.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1976

Decreased absorption of calcium, magnesium, zinc and phosphorus by humans due to increased fiber and phosphorus consumption as wheat bread.

During a 20 day period of high fiber consumption in the form of bread made partly from wheaten wholemeal, two men developed negative balances of calcium, magnesium, zinc and phosphorus due to increased fecal excretion of each element. The fecal losses correlated closely with fecal dry matter and phosphorus. Fecal dry matter, in turn, was directly proportional to fecal fiber excretion. Balances of nitrogen remained positive. Mineral elements were well-utilized by the same subjects during a 20-day period of white bread consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The effects of various dietary phosphorus levels on the circadian patterns of plasma 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, total calcium, ionized calcium, and phosphorus in laying hens.

Six hundred and sixty 75-wk-old Hy-line W36 hens were allocated to one of three dietary levels of total phosphorus, .30, .60, or .90%. Birds were fed the diets for 3 days following which blood samples were collected at six different times, 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22 h postoviposition (POP), and analyzed for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2 D3], total calcium (TCa), ionized calcium (Ca++), percentage Ca++ to TCa (%Ca++/TCa), and phosphorus (P). Plasma TCa and P significantly (P less than .001 and .025, respectively) peaked at 10 to 14 h POP. The Ca++ and %Ca++/TCa significantly (P less than .001) decreased during eggshell formation and following completion of the shell (22 h POP) levels returned to resting concentrations. Plasma 1,25-(OH)2D3 results confirmed the existence and time of a circadian rhythm in laying hens. Peak concentrations of the metabolite occurred at 10 to 14 h POP, which resulted in a quadratic relationship (P less than .001). Plasma P decreased with decreasing dietary P and plasma 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased (P less than .025). Feeding low dietary P significantly (P less than .001) increased Ca++ and %Ca++/TCa. Results of feeding various levels of dietary P to laying hens indicate that low P stimulates an increase in plasma 1,25-(OH)2D3 as well as Ca++ and %Ca++/TCa, but high P actually suppressed this response.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Interactions of dietary cation-anion balance and phosphorus: effects on blood, bone and faecal phosphorus concentration in dairy calves.

Dietary levels of cations and anions are shown to have an effect on concentrations of phosphorus (P) in blood, bone and faeces of dairy calves between 9 and 19 weeks of age. Calves fed diets high in anions, demonstrated higher concentrations of P in blood and faeces than calves whose diets were high in cations, and at the same time demonstrated lower concentrations of P in bone. Compared to diets with high cation levels, diets high in anions produced significantly (p less than 0.05) higher concentrations of total P in the faeces at different stages in the experiment, higher serum inorganic phosphorus (SiP) concentrations and lower P concentrations in the bone, which were significant at the end of the trial (P less than 0.06). When the diet was low in P (0.22%), the cation-anion balance of the diet seemed to have the greatest effect, so that the interaction of dietary P and dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB) was responsible for changes in blood, bone and faeces.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1989

Unidirectional duodenal and jejunal calcium and phosphorus transport in the rat: effects of dietary phosphorus depletion, ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate and 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol.

Unidirectional calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (Pi) transport was studied in vitro by means of a modified Using technique in the absence of electrochemical gradients between the mucosal and serosal buffer medium. Duodenum and jejunum of male albino Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated after Pi depletion alone (0.03% diet-Pi), Pi depletion and EHDP treatment (40 mg/kg per day s.c. X 4), and Pi depletion, EHDP and 1,25(OH)2D3 (500 pmol i.v. X 2) treatment. Mucosal-to-serosal Ca and Pi fluxes (Jms) changed in parallel, depending on the 1,25(OH)2D3-status of the animals. Regarding serosal-to-mucosal fluxes (Jsm), Pi depletion resulted in an increase in Jsm for Ca and Pi, associated with a rise in Gt and Isc in the duodenum but not in the jejunum. EHDP administered to block synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3 caused further augmentation in duodenal Jsm for calcium but not phosphorus, which was paralleled by an increase in Gt and Isc. After repletion with 1,25(OH)2D3, an increase in Jsm for Ca and Pi and a rise in Gt and Isc were observed in the duodenum and in the jejunum. Serosal-to-mucosal fluxes for Ca and Pi were related to tissue conductance (Gt) in the duodenum (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001 and r = 0.84; P less than 0.001, respectively), as well as in the jejunum (r = 0.55; P less than 0.01 and r = 0.66; P less than 0.001, respectively). Changes in Jsm also paralleled changes in transmural shortcircuit current (Isc). The data are compatible with the assumption of an increase in Jsm for Ca and Pi and a rise in Gt, both reflecting an increase in water recycling across the tight junctions caused by a rise in sodium absorption. They provide further evidence that the overall effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on intestinal Ca and Pi transport is to increase both cell-mediated active mucosal-to-serosal transport and paracellular diffusional serosal-to-mucosal ion movement.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Phosphorus fractions and the effect of pH on the phosphorus release of the sediments from different trophic areas in Taihu Lake, China.

The sediment characteristics, different phosphorus (P) fraction concentrations and the effect of pH on P release were investigated in a shallow eutrophic lake in China. The total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in the sediments ranged greatly from 420 to 3408 mg kg(-1) and inorganic P (IP) was the main P fraction. For the heavily eutrophic sediment, IP mainly consisted of NaOH-P; while for the mesotrophic sediments, IP mainly consisted of HCl-P. The rate of P release decreased as pH increased from 2 to 6. But it increased as pH increased from 8 to 12. It is suggested that high pH promoted the release of NaOH-P, and low pH promoted the release of HCl-P, and there was no P release occurring in the neutral condition.

China↗
PubMed2005

An investigation into the inputs controlling predictions from a diffuse phosphorus loss model for the UK; the Phosphorus Indicators Tool (PIT).

A simple catchment scale model simulating diffuse phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural land to water, the Phosphorus Indicators Tool (PIT), has been developed. Previous research has shown that this model worked well in simulating the average annual P lost from two catchments: Windermere and Windrush, but it was not known which drivers in the model had the greatest control on predicted P delivery to water from agricultural land. In order to simulate the P export from each catchment source via each hydrological pathway specified individually, 108 coefficients are used in the model code. A univariate sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate which coefficient exerted the greatest control on the model output. Results from the univariate analysis suggest that the model is sensitive to a number of coefficients, but importantly, not all of the coefficients that were varied in the sensitivity analysis, altered the model output. The PIT model has been calibrated by optimizing results from the univariate analysis against observed data in the Windermere catchment. The simulated results from model calibration fit the observed data well, at the 95% level. This paper describes the methodology developed for the univariate analysis and evaluates the model calibration procedure against observed data from the Windermere catchment.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1987

Sodium transport and phosphorus metabolism in sodium-loaded yeast: simultaneous observation with sodium-23 and phosphorus-31 NMR spectroscopy in vivo.

Simultaneous 23Na and 31P NMR spectra were obtained from a number of yeast suspensions. Prior to NMR spectroscopy, the yeast cells were Na-loaded: this replaced some of the intracellular K+ with Na+. These cells were also somewhat P-deficient in that they had no polyphosphate species visible in the 31P NMR spectrum. In the NMR experiments, the Na-loaded cells were suspended in media which contained inorganic phosphate, very low Na+, and a shift reagent for the Na+ NMR signal. The media differed as to whether dioxygen, glucose, or K+ was present individually or in combinations and as to whether the medium was buffered or not. The NMR spectra revealed that the cells always lost Na+ and gained phosphorus. However, the nature of the Na+ efflux time course and the P metabolism differed depending on the medium. The Na+ efflux usually proceeded linearly until the amount of Na+ extruded roughly equalled the amount of NH4+ and orthophosphate initially present in the medium (external phosphate was added as NH4H2PO4). Thus, we presume this first phase reflects a Na+ for NH4+ exchange. The Na+ efflux then entered a transition phase, either slowing, ceasing, or transiently reversing, before resuming at about the same value as that of the first phase. We presume that this last phase involves the simultaneous extrusion of intracellular anions as reported in the literature. The phosphorus metabolism was much more varied. In the absence of exogenous glucose, the P taken up accumulated first as intracellular inorganic phosphate; otherwise, it accumulated first in the "sugar phosphate" pool. In most cases, at least some of the P left the sugar phosphate pool and entered the polyphosphate reservoir in the vacuole. However, this never happened until the phase probably representing Na+ for NH4+ exchange was completed, and the P in the polyphosphate pool never remained there permanently but always eventually reverted back to the sugar phosphate pool. These changes are interpreted in terms of hierarchical energy demands on the cells under the different conditions. In particular, the energy for the Na+ for NH4+ exchange takes precedence over that required to produce and store polyphosphate. This conclusion is supported by the fact that when the cells are "forced" to exchange K+, as well as NH4+, for Na+ (by the addition of 5 times as much K+ to the NH4+-containing medium), polyphosphates are never significantly formed, and the initial linear Na+ efflux phase persists possibly 6 times as long.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed2000

Management of hypophosphatemia induced by high-flux hemodiafiltration for the treatment of vancomycin toxicity: intravenous phosphorus therapy versus use of a phosphorus-enriched dialysate.

Intensive high-flux hemodiafiltration is often used in the management of vancomycin toxicity. We describe two patients who developed hypophosphatemia as a consequence of this form of therapy. The first patient was treated with an intravenous phosphorus infusion. For the second patient, hypophosphatemia was corrected, during hemodiafiltration, with the use of a phosphorus-enriched dialysate. The latter dialysate was prepared by adding sodium phosphate salts to the "base concentrate" of a dual-concentrate, bicarbonate-based dialysate delivery system. This simple method was more efficient than intravenous therapy in ameliorating the hypophosphatemia secondary to aggressive hemodiafiltration treatment.

Adult↗