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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Role of frequency doubling perimetry in detecting neuro-ophthalmic visual field defects.

PURPOSE: To report the ability of frequency doubling perimetry to detect "neuro-ophthalmic" field defects, characterize them as hemianopic or quadrantanopic, and differentiate glaucomatous from "other" neuro-ophthalmic field defects. METHODS: Sixty eyes of 30 normal subjects, 50 eyes of 29 patients with glaucomatous defects, and 138 eyes of 103 patients with "typical" neuro-ophthalmic field defects underwent automated perimetry using the Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm and frequency doubling perimetry. The sensitivity and specificity for identification of a field defect (frequency doubling perimetry 20-5 and 20-1 screening tests), or to characterize hemianopia/quadrantanopia (full threshold test) were determined. Ability to discriminate glaucomatous defects was determined by comparing frequency doubling perimetry full threshold test in glaucoma to pooled results of normal and neuro-ophthalmic groups. RESULTS: On frequency doubling perimetry, a single point depressed to less than 1% probability had a sensitivity of 97.1% (20-5 test) and 95.7% (20-1 test) for detecting a neuro-ophthalmic visual field defect. The corresponding specificities were 95% using pooled results in normal subjects and patients with glaucoma and "other" neuro-ophthalmic field defects. In 20-5 screening a single abnormal point depressed to less than 2% probability level had a sensitivity of 98.6% (specificity 85%). Two abnormal points in the 20-1 screening depressed to less than 1% probability level had a specificity of 100% (sensitivity 84.8%). In frequency doubling perimetry full threshold, sensitivity and specificity for detection of hemianopia were 86.8% and 83.2%; for quadrantanopia they were 79.2% and 38.6%. The sensitivity and specificity for categorizing a defect as glaucomatous were 86% and 74.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Frequency doubling perimetry is a sensitive and specific test for detecting "neuro-ophthalmic" field defects. The presence of two abnormal points (20-1 screening program) "rules in" the presence of a field defect. A normal 20-5 program (absence of a single abnormal point) almost "rules out" a defect. Frequency doubling perimetry could not accurately categorize hemianopic, quadrantanopic, or glaucomatous defects.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Normal values for fundus perimetry with the scanning laser ophthalmoscope.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the normal light sensitivity values for fundus perimetry and their short time fluctuation (reliability) in normal volunteers of different ages. After the development of full-threshold static fundus perimetry, age-corrected sensitivity values for normal subjects are required to interpret results and to compare them with conventional computerized perimetry. METHOD: Full-threshold fundus perimetry of the central field (33 x 21 degrees) by means of the scanning laser ophthalmoscope was performed on 152 eyes of 99 healthy persons aged 16 to 77 years with normal vision and no eye disease. Fixation was simultaneously documented. Light sensitivity values were evaluated according to each subject's age and test point location. RESULTS: Linear regression analysis disclosed a significant (P < .0001) decrease of the mean sensitivity of 0.275 dB per decade of increasing age, starting with 16.6 dB at age 10 years. Standard deviation around the center of fixation was 0.287 degrees in the first decade, and it increased by 2.82 minutes of arc per decade (P < .0001). Variation in triple examinations of subjects did not differ from short time fluctuation. CONCLUSION: Visual fields examined with fundus perimetry show reliable measurements in a range comparable to conventional computerized perimetry. There is a significant correlation between increase of age and decrease of light sensitivity in fundus perimetry. Visual fields obtained with fundus perimetry seem to correlate well with known data from computerized static threshold perimetry. It should be recognized that even in normal subjects, the stability of fixation decreases with increasing age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of long-term variability for standard and short-wavelength automated perimetry in stable glaucoma patients.

PURPOSE: To quantify and compare, on a point-by-point basis, the long-term variability of standard and short-wavelength automated perimetry in a group of stable glaucoma patients. METHODS: From a group of 53 glaucoma patients experienced in visual field testing, we identified one eye, randomly chosen, from each of 25 glaucoma patients whose condition was found to be stable, based on both standard and short-wavelength automated perimetry visual field criteria. On each of three visits during a period of up to 3 months, each patient performed one standard and one short-wavelength automated perimetry 24-2 visual field in a random order on a Humphrey visual field analyzer. The long-term variability (also referred to as test-retest variability) was defined as the SD of the three threshold decibel values at each test location. The long-term variability for each test point (mean +/- SD) was determined separately for both standard visual fields and short-wavelength automated perimetry. RESULTS: With all 52 test locations of the 24-2 field averaged, the global long-term variability, mean (+/- SD) for standard visual fields and short-wavelength automated perimetry was 2.37 +/- 2.03 dB (95% confidence interval, 2.26-2.48 dB) and 2.92 +/- 2.03 dB (95% confidence interval, 2.81-3.03 dB), respectively (P <.0001). In 16 of the 52 visual field locations, long-term variability on short-wavelength automated perimetry was significantly higher than long-term variability on standard visual fields. In addition, the long-term variability increased with greater distance from the point of fixation for both standard visual fields and short-wavelength automated perimetry. The long-term variability decreased closer to fixation, more for standard visual fields than for short-wavelength automated perimetry. CONCLUSIONS: In a group of stable glaucoma patients, mean long-term variability was 0.55 dB higher for short-wavelength automated perimetry than for standard visual fields. This needs to be taken into consideration when serial visual fields are evaluated for change.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Frequency doubling technology perimetry using a 24--2 stimulus presentation pattern.

PURPOSE: To assess whether smaller targets and a 24-2 stimulus presentation pattern would improve the ability of frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimetry to detect and characterize early glaucomatous visual field loss. METHODS: One hundred normal subjects between the ages of 20 and 85 participated in this study. In addition, 53 patients who either had early glaucomatous visual field loss (n = 23) or were high-risk glaucoma suspects with normal conventional visual fields (n = 30) were evaluated with the commercial version of FDT perimetry (full threshold test) with 17 stimuli (four 10 degrees diameter square targets per quadrant and a central 5 degrees circular target) and a custom version of FDT perimetry using 54 stimuli (4 degrees targets with 6 degrees grid spacing) arranged in a 24-2 stimulus presentation pattern. RESULTS: The custom FDT test using a 24-2 stimulus presentation pattern had a similar dynamic range, and demonstrated normal aging characteristics and test-retest reliability that were similar to the commercial version of FDT perimetry using 17 larger stimuli. Both FDT tests showed an age-related sensitivity reduction of approximately 0.6 dB per decade, and exhibited an average test-retest reliability of 1 to 1.5 dB. The custom 24-2 FDT perimetry test had a greater variation of sensitivity with eccentricity than the commercial version of FDT perimetry that was probably related to the difference in stimulus size. The custom 24-2 FDT perimetry test had a greater percentage of abnormal test locations than the commercial FDT test for both early glaucomas and high-risk glaucoma suspects. CONCLUSIONS: FDT perimetry can be performed with smaller targets using a presentation pattern that is similar to conventional automated perimetry. In comparison to the commercially available 17 target display, the 24-2 stimulus pattern appears to have modestly higher sensitivity for detection of early glaucomatous loss and provides better characterization of the pattern of visual field loss, but the test takes approximately twice as long.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

High spatial resolution automated perimetry in glaucoma.

BACKGROUND: Automated perimetry is of fundamental importance in assessing visual function in glaucoma. A technique was evaluated to perform high spatial resolution automated perimetry to allow a more detailed assessment of the luminance sensitivity in selected regions of the visual field than is possible with conventional perimetry. METHOD: High spatial resolution perimetry was performed using a Humphrey automated perimeter by measuring luminance sensitivity across a 9 by 9 degree custom grid of 100 test locations with a separation between adjacent locations of 1 degree. Quantitative analysis of the raw and Gaussian filtered thresholds was performed to assess the repeatability of the technique in normals, glaucoma suspects, and glaucoma patients. RESULTS: The testing protocol was well tolerated by all subjects. High spatial resolution perimetry in glaucomatous eyes demonstrated fine luminance sensitivity loss not suspected with conventional perimetry. High spatial resolution perimetry also demonstrated reproducible areas of sensitivity loss in some glaucomatous eyes in areas of the visual field which appear normal with conventional programmes. The repeatability of the technique correlated with mean threshold sensitivity and was substantially improved to clinically acceptable levels by Gaussian filtering the thresholds. CONCLUSION: This technique of high spatial resolution perimetry allows the practical assessment of selected regions of the visual field at higher resolution than conventional perimetry, and may be clinically useful in glaucoma.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1998

[Basic and clinical aspects of modern perimetry].

Clinical perimetry has made a remarkable advance in the last 40 years and many new automated perimeters and sophisticated techniques are now available. We developed a Central Field Screener, O-II, an automated perimeter, ATS-85, and a central critical fusion frequency (CFF)-meter. First, reappraisal of the clinical significance of manual kinetic perimetry was made in comparison with automated light threshold perimetry in the diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa and chiasmal tumors. We concluded that manual kinetic perimetry was the basis of clinical perimetry and superior to automated static light threshold perimetry in some cases. Secondly, automated static flicker perimetry was performed with Octopus 1-2-3 and a software package developed by us. We found that automated static flicker perimetry was far superior to automated static light threshold perimetry in the detection of early changes of glaucomatous field defects, especially in cases of immature senile cataract. We also confirmed that measurement of CFF was essential in the diagnosis of optic neuritis and diseases of chiasmal syndrome. Dissociation of central vision and central CFF was observed in many cases of optic neuritis and inverse dissociation of central vision and central CFF was seen in some cases of Leber's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Blue-on-yellow perimetry can predict the development of glaucomatous visual field loss.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether blue-on-yellow (B/Y) perimetry is capable of predicting the onset and location of impending glaucomatous visual field loss in patients with ocular hypertension. DESIGN: A Humphrey Field Analyzer (Humphrey Instruments, San Leandro, Calif) was modified to perform B/Y perimetry to isolate and measure the sensitivity of short-wavelength-sensitive mechanisms. Participants were tested annually with standard white-on-white (W/W) and B/Y automated perimetry for a period of 5 years. PATIENTS: The study population consisted of 38 patients with ocular hypertension and 62 age-matched normal control subjects. RESULTS: Initially, all 76 ocular hypertensive eyes had normal W/W automated perimetry results, with 67 eyes having normal and nine eyes having abnormal B/Y test results. Five years later, five of the nine ocular hypertensive eyes with initial B/Y abnormal results developed glaucomatous visual field loss measured by standard W/W automated perimetry, while none of the 67 ocular hypertensive eyes with initially normal B/Y results developed abnormal W/W perimetry results. CONCLUSIONS: Blue-on-yellow perimetry deficits are an early indicator of glaucomatous damage and are predictive of impending glaucomatous visual field loss for standard W/W automated perimetry. To our knowledge, this is the first prospective, long-term longitudinal study that demonstrates the ability to predict the onset of glaucomatous visual field loss in patients with ocular hypertension on the basis of psychophysical testing.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Static fundus perimetry using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope with an automated threshold strategy.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop software that allows the performance of routine static threshold perimetry using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) and the comparison of the results with conventional computerized cupola perimetry. The original software does not allow performance of static threshold perimetry within a reasonable examination time. METHODS: Static perimetry was performed in random order on 50 healthy eyes using our SLO staircase threshold perimetry technique and the Octopus 500 (program 38). We compared the relative sensitivities for each of 25 corresponding visual field locations. RESULTS: Mean sensitivity in the SLO perimetry amounted to 32.7 dB (range 25-37 dB) while it was 28.7 dB in the Octopus. For all test locations the SLO showed higher dB values on average. The mean difference between both methods was 3.7 +/- 0.8 dB (range 1.4-5.8 dB) when the test locations at the blind spot were excluded (linear regression between the two methods: r = 0.843, P < 0.0001). The mean time interval between two stimulus presentations was 2.5 s with the SLO perimetry. CONCLUSION: With the Heidelberg software, automated static threshold perimetry using the SLO is possible within reasonably short examination times. The mean time interval between two test point presentations is about one tenth of that necessary using the original Rodenstock software. There is a systematic difference between SLO and Octopus fields of about 4 dB which was not very much influenced by the stimulus locations.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Predictive value of short-wavelength automated perimetry: a 3-year follow-up study.

PURPOSE: To determine whether structural changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and functional abnormalities in short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) can predict the onset of functional losses in standard automated perimetry patients suspected of having glaucoma. DESIGN: Prospective observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 160 eyes of ocular hypertensive subjects (intraocular pressure greater than 21 mmHg and normal standard automated perimetry) were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: The subjects underwent RNFL photographic evaluation and SWAP. Standard automated perimetries were repeated after 3 years to evaluate glaucomatous losses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Onset of glaucomatous defects in conventional automated perimetry after 3 years of follow-up, with or without prior glaucomatous defects in RNFL and SWAP. RESULTS: At the beginning of the study, 77 eyes showed RNFL losses (48%), and 58 eyes showed abnormalities in SWAP (36%). After the 3-year follow-up period, 14 of 77 eyes with RNFL losses had standard automated perimetry abnormalities (predicting sensitivity 93%), whereas 11 of 58 eyes with abnormal SWAP had standard automated perimetry losses (73% sensitivity). CONCLUSIONS: RNFL and SWAP losses are signs of early glaucomatous damage and can predict functional losses in standard automated perimetry.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Color perimetry of glaucomatous visual field defects.

A color video tangent screen has been devised, using microcomputer control of a video display to produce colored perimetric test objects matched in luminance to a white surround at 10-foot lamberts . Perimetric isopters for varying degrees of color saturation were determined by kinetic perimetry. This form of color perimetry was used to examine one eye of each of 40 patients with open-angle glaucoma as well as 20 glaucoma-suspect patients. For the first 23 eyes with manifest glaucomatous visual field defects, a masked comparison was made between the results of color perimetry and conventional perimetry with a Goldmann perimeter. For these 23 eyes, color perimetry did as well as luminance perimetry in 14, was less sensitive in 2, and was more sensitive in 7. All defects that were detectable by conventional perimetry were successfully demonstrated by the color method. Such defects often appeared to be greater in extent when mapped by the color method as compared to conventional luminance perimetry.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Computerized and manual perimetry in patients with severe temporal visual field defects due to suprasellar tumors].

PURPOSE: To study, on Goldmann perimetry, a group of patients with complete temporal hemianopia on Humphrey perimetry (24-2 full threshold test) and to evaluate the percentage of eyes in which computerized perimetry failed to identify a temporal visual field remnants. METHODS: Nineteen patients with visual field defect by chiasmal compression were prospectively studied with manual and automated perimetry. Twenty-five eyes with complete temporal hemianopia on Humphrey Field Analyzer, 24-2 threshold test were selected and studied with Goldmann perimeter, in order to evaluate the presence of a temporal visual field remnants. According to the result of Goldmann perimetry the eyes were divided into two groups: group 1, with complete temporal hemianopia; group 2, with residual temporal visual field remnants in the periphery. The mean number of mean deviation in the 2 groups was calculated and compared using Student's t test. RESULTS: Automated perimetry failed to identify a temporal residual visual field in 17 of 25 eyes studied (68%). Mean values of the mean deviation in groups 1 and 2 were respectively -15.43 and -15.93. Statistical analysis did not indicate a significant difference between them. CONCLUSIONS: Computerized automated Humphrey perimetry using 24-2 threshold test fails to identify temporal visual field remnants in a great percentage of patients with severe chiasmal compression. Analysis of the mean deviation is not helpful in identifying such cases. Patients evaluated on automated perimetry and presenting with a complete temporal hemianopia should be checked for temporal visual field remnants.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2002

[Application of frequency doubling technology perimetry in the diagnosis of glaucoma].

PURPOSE: Evaluation of the frequency doubling technology perimetry in the detection of an early glaucomatous field loss. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients (40 eyes), who were diagnosed with ocular hypertension were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis was made based on slit lamp examination, 3 measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP) over 21 mmHg. Standard perimetry was performed with Humphrey perimeter and SITA program (30-2 threshold). Then, all patients underwent FDT perimetry with 30-2 threshold program. Patients, who had any changes in FDT visual field had to repeat the test, to confirm the results. RESULTS: Out of 40 eyes with the normal white on white perimetry 5 eyes (5 patients) presented defects in FDT perimetry. They had optic disc c/d asymmetry > 0.1 and the nerve fiber layer defects corresponding to the visual field defects in FDT perimetry. CONCLUSION: Frequency Doubling Technology perimetry may be useful as a supplemental method of the visual field evaluation, particularly in patients where standard perimetry does not show any functional damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Automated flicker perimetry].

Flicker fusion frequency (FFF), the threshold criterion of flicker perimetry, is a functional parameter of the temporal transfer properties of the visual system. An automated flicker perimeter suitable for clinical routine purposes is presented that allows perimetric examination of the central visual field with high spatial resolution. The intent of the present study was to investigate the outcome of flicker perimetry in comparison to static light-sense perimetry. In the majority of cases of ocular hypertension and suspected glaucoma (n = 31), chronic open-angle glaucoma (n = 36) and acute neuritis/papillitis (n = 10) defects are indicated by flicker perimetry in areas of the visual field with normal light sensitivity according to static light-sense perimetry (Octopus 201, program G 1). In many cases of preproliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 10), however, flicker perimetry indicates fewer defects than static perimetry (Octopus 201, program 32). The results collected up to now suggest that automated flicker perimetry might represent a specific functional test of the retinal Y-ganglion cells.

Diabetic Retinopathy↗
PubMed1995

Short-wavelength automated perimetry in neuro-ophthalmologic disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) in the assessment of patients with neuro-ophthalmologic disorders, especially optic neuropathies. METHODS: A modified Humphrey field analyzer was used to perform standard automated perimetry and SWAP, a technique that isolates the activity of short-wavelength-sensitive ("blue") mechanisms. Forty patients (80 eyes) were evaluated by SWAP and standard automated perimetry. Thirteen patients (26 eyes) had recovered from optic neuritis and/or multiple sclerosis, 15 (30 eyes) were in various stages of treatment for pseudotumor cerebri, and 12 (24 eyes) had other miscellaneous neuro-ophthalmologic conditions. Six additional patients (12 eyes) with neuro-ophthalmologic conditions were tested twice on different days during a 2-week period, with the order of SWAP and standard perimetric testing being reversed on the second day. RESULTS: Of the 80 eyes tested, 38 (48%) had SWAP visual fields that were worse than standard automated perimetry results; 29 (36%) showed no difference between standard and SWAP visual fields; and 13 (16%) had standard automated perimetry results that were worse than SWAP visual fields. Of the 26 eyes in patients with optic neuritis and/or multiple sclerosis, 15 (58%) had SWAP results that were worse than standard visual fields. Ten (33%) of the 30 eyes with pseudotumor cerebri had SWAP results worse than standard automated perimetry results, and 13 (54%) of 24 eyes with miscellaneous neuro-ophthalmologic conditions had SWAP results worse than standard automated perimetry results. For the 12 eyes undergoing repeated testing, SWAP visual fields were worse when they were performed last, perhaps indicating that some fatigue effect was present. This was observed for standard visual fields as well, but to a smaller extent. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary findings suggest that SWAP may be useful in detecting certain neuro-ophthalmologic deficits more readily than standard automated visual field testing, especially for optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis. Further evaluations will be necessary to define the effects of fatigue for SWAP visual fields in neuro-ophthalmologic disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Is visual field evaluation using multiple correlations and linear regressions useful? An evaluation of Delphi perimetry.

BACKGROUND: Delphi perimetry is a method of visual field examination which produces a statistical estimation of the visual field by testing only four critical points of the central visual field. This study was performed to evaluate this technique for the detection of glaucomatous field loss. METHOD: Patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension underwent Delphi perimetry and Humphrey visual field analysis (HVFA) program 24-2. The visual field results of both examination were compared. RESULTS: Of 262 eyes from 199 patients, 120 eyes showed glaucomatous defects by HVFA and 142 were normal. Delphi perimetry showed abnormal visual fields in 107 eyes, 13 of which were false-positive results as Humphrey visual fields were normal. Delphi classified 155 fields as normal, of which 26 were false negatives as Humphrey visual fields showed glaucomatous defects. Therefore, the sensitivity of Delphi perimetry for the detection of glaucomatous visual field defect was 78% and the specificity was 91%. In the 26 false-negative eyes, the most common defect missed was an isolated paracentral scotoma or an early nasal step. Furthermore, 27 of the 94 glaucomatous eyes classified as abnormal by Delphi had defects estimated by Delphi perimetry that corresponded poorly to the field loss demonstrated by Humphrey visual field analysis. Therefore, qualitative sensitivity and specificity of Delphi perimetry for producing an accurate representation of the location, extent and defect depth of glaucomatous visual field loss would be 48.8% and 72% respectively. CONCLUSION: In this study Delphi perimetry failed to give an accurate statistical estimation of the visual field in an unacceptably high number of cases; therefore, it cannot be recommended for clinical use.

False Positive Reactions↗
PubMed2003

Combined use of frequency doubling perimetry and polarimetric measurements of retinal nerve fiber layer in glaucoma detection.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of the combined use of frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry and polarimetry of the retinal nerve fiber layer. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Seventy ocular hypertensive patients (normal optic disk and standard perimetry, elevated intraocular pressure [>21 mm Hg]), 59 patients with "preperimetric" open-angle glaucoma (glaucomatous optic disk atrophy, elevated intraocular pressure [>21 mm Hg], no visual field defect in standard perimetry), 105 patients with "perimetric" open-angle glaucoma (glaucomatous optic disk atrophy and clearly marked visual field defect), and 73 control subjects had FDT screening (protocol: C-20-5) and polarimetric measurements (GDx). Criteria for exclusion: optic disks larger than 4 mm(2), media opacities, patients younger than 33 years or older than 66 years. None of the subjects had earlier FDT perimetry. One eye of each patient and control subject entered the statistical evaluation. Database and statistical software were used for case-wise recalculation of all missed localized probability levels to create a FDT screening score. RESULTS: At a predefined specificity of 94.5% in control eyes, discrimination between "perimetric" glaucoma and normal subjects is superior using the FDT perimetry (sensitivity = 84.8%) in comparison to polarimetry (sensitivity = 63.8%), whereas sensitivity is similar with both methods in "preperimetric" patients (GDx, FDT: 25.4%). In several cases, patients classified as glaucomatous by the GDx are not the same patients as identified by the FDT perimetry. Therefore, a two-dimensional discrimination analysis can increase correct positive classification. Using a linear combination of the present FDT screening score and polarimetry ("the number"), 92.4% of "perimetric" glaucoma eyes and 44.1% of "preperimetric" glaucoma eyes have been classified as glaucomatous. CONCLUSION: Joint usage of polarimetry and FDT perimetry indicate that a combination of different techniques which can uncover different glaucoma properties, might be helpful in early glaucoma detection.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2000

A comparison of tangent screen, goldmann, and humphrey perimetry in the detection and localization of occipital lesions.

OBJECTIVE: To compare manual kinetic perimetry with tangent screen and Goldmann techniques and automated static perimetry with the Humphrey Field Analyzer in the detection and localization of occipital lobe lesions. DESIGN: Prospective consecutive comparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Twelve patients with well-defined occipital lobe infarcts on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The patients were tested by tangent screen, Goldmann, and Humphrey perimetry (central 30-2 threshold program). The three visual fields were compared and correlated with MR images. RESULTS: All three perimetric techniques detected the presence of postchiasmal lesions. However, localization of lesions differed with perimetric technique. Visual fields obtained from tangent screen and Goldmann perimetry were similar and corresponded well with the location of lesions on MR images in all 12 patients. Humphrey perimetry inaccurately localized the lesion to the proximal part of the postchiasmal pathway by revealing incongruous fields in two patients, failed to detect sparing of the posterior occipital cortex or occipital pole in four patients, and estimated a larger extent of damage in one patient when compared with MR images and manual perimetry. CONCLUSIONS: All three perimetric techniques are satisfactory screening tests to detect occipital lesions. However, tangent screen and Goldmann perimetry provide information about the location and extent of lesions that is more consistent with prevailing knowledge of the effects of the lesion in the postgeniculate visual pathway.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The diagnostic value of automated flicker threshold perimetry.

Automated perimetry techniques have advanced from the standard white-on-white threshold perimetry to a myriad of perimetric models. These models include motion detection, frequency-doubling contrast sensitivity, and spatial contrast sensitivity perimetry. The research findings for the more popular of the automated perimetry models, in particular those of blue-on-yellow and critical fusion frequency perimetry, are discussed and compared with findings for flicker threshold perimetry. Flicker threshold perimetry demonstrates resistance to such factors as test variability and retinal image blur and has great promise in its ability to detect early visual field loss in the presence of primary open-angle glaucoma.

Flicker Fusion↗