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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Repair of cleft palate by double reverse Z-plasty of the soft palate].

Since July 1987 till January 1989, The double reverse Z-plasty of the soft palate has been used in 12 patients. Seven patients had complete unilateral cleft palates, one had incomplete cleft, two had soft cleft palates and two had complete bilateral cleft palates. Male 7, female 5. The eldest was 25 years of age, the youngest was 3 years. The technique differs from the usual method in two ways. Firstly, the soft palate is closed with two reverse Z-plasties. The transposition of two flaps can be lengthened along central limb without using the tissue from the hard palate. Secondly, in order to eliminate the horseshoe limp scar around the inner aspect of the alveolus for improving the growth potential of the maxilla, the hard palate is closed without lateral relaxing incisions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Symptomatic and essential palatal tremor. 2. Differences of palatal movements.

Palatal tremor, a rhythmic movement disorder of the soft palate, may be described as two separate entities: symptomatic palatal tremor (SPT) and essential palatal tremor (EPT). The symptomatic form is associated with brain stem or cerebellar disease, whereas the essential form has no known etiology. A cardinal symptom of EPT is the presence of ear clicks, which do not occur in SPT. Visual observation of the movements in the two disorders suggests that the difference in symptoms is due to the activation of different palatal muscles, the levator veli palatini in SPT and the tensor veli palatini in EPT. Electromyographic recording from the levator veli palatini muscle showed abnormal bursting activity time locked to the palatal movements in patients with SPT, but not in those with EPT. Because the two palatal muscles are innervated by different cranial nerves, SPT and EPT are likely to have separate origins.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Palatal receptor contribution to and effects of palatal alteration on taste acuity thresholds.

To determine the contribution of the soft palate to the overall taste mechanism and the effects of palatal compromise (surgery, cleft palate, and trauma), four taste solutions representing sweet, salty, sour, and bitter were applied to the apex and base of the tongue and to the soft palate of 12 subjects in each of the control and palatally compromised groups. Each group was tested on two different occasions with the sessions 2 weeks apart and one in the morning and the other in the afternoon. Results indicate that the soft palate contributes to bitter and salty sensations to a greater degree than the other two sensations. Of these two, bitter is the more acutely experienced. Patients with compromised palates revealed higher taste acuity thresholds than the normal control group, particularly with bitter solutions. Taste acuity thresholds increased with age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Tympanoplasty results in patients with cleft palate: an age- and procedure-matched comparison of preliminary results with patients without cleft palate.

OBJECTIVE: Because of continued eustachian tube abnormalities, the presence of a cleft palate repair has been thought to be associated with poor outcomes after tympanoplastic surgery. However, little published data exist regarding the results of major otologic surgery in patients with cleft palate. The objective of this study was to review our results of otologic surgery in these patients and compare results with those of age- and procedure-matched controls. METHODS: Our otologic database was used to identify patients with a repaired cleft palate who underwent otologic surgery between March 1994 and December 1999. Two control patients were identified for each cleft palate patient. Results of hearing, graft take, and need for postoperative pressure-equalizing tubes were compared. RESULTS: No significant difference existed between patients with a repaired cleft palate and control patients with regard to postoperative air-bone gap (P = 0.6805), graft survival rate (P = 1.00), and need for postoperative intubation (P = 0.457). CONCLUSION: Results in patients with cleft palate appear to be similar to those in patients without cleft palate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Dental arches in six-year-old children with operated and unoperated submucous cleft palate and isolated cleft palate.

The sizes of dental arches in 129 children with cleft palate were evaluated retrospectively from dental casts taken at the mean age 6.2 years (range 5.2-7.5). The material included 61 children with submucous cleft palate (SMCP) and 68 children with isolated cleft palate (ICP). Twenty of the children with SMCP were not operated on, while 41 had had surgical treatment, either palatal repair (n = 16, mean age at operation: 1.6 years, range 0.8-3.9) or pharyngeal flap (VPP) surgery (n = 25, mean age at operation: 4.5 years, range 2.6-6.2). In children with ICP, one-stage hard-palate and soft-palate closure had been done at the mean age of 1.5 years (range 1.0-2.1). Decreased maxillary intermolar widths were seen in children with SMCP after VPP, and especially after palatal repair. The children with ICP had the smallest maxillary dental arch widths. No significant differences were observed in the maxillary arch length or mandibular intermolar arch dimensions in children with SMCP or ICP. Surgery is associated with decreased maxillary intermolar arch widths in children with SMCP. Children with ICP had smaller maxillary dental arch widths than children SMCP.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Posterior palatal seal adaptation: influence of processing technique, palate shape and immersion.

Accuracy of fit of denture bases is critical to adequate retention. This study compared the dimensional change of a newer continuous-injection technique with a standard trial-pack technique as determined by measuring the posterior palatal border opening. The influence of palate shape and immersion were also assessed. Stone casts were made from master moulds with either a high or flat palate. Denture base adaptation was measured at 5 mm intervals across the entire posterior palatal border. Measurements were made after deflasking, trimming and polishing, and after immersion in room temperature water for 1 h, 1 day and 1 week. Statistical analysis (P < 0.05) showed that where differences occurred between the two techniques, openings were always smaller for the continuous-injection technique. It was also shown that dimensional changes were always larger for the flat palate compared with the high palate. Dimensional change using the continuous-injection technique was reduced by immersion in water, while no influence was observed for the trial-pack technique. It was concluded that the continuous-injection technique showed smaller dimensional changes compared with the standard trial-pack technique, and that these changes were influenced by palate shape and immersion in water.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Median palatal cyst. A reminder of palate fusion.

The existence of a median palatal cyst has been questioned. Such a lesion would represent an unusual anomaly of a unique embryological process. The radiologic and pathologic criteria necessary to establish such a diagnosis are inconclusive in the ten case reports that have appeared in the English language literature. A median palatal cyst that is distinct from other palatal defects would have specific characteristics that included: 1) a true epithelial-lined cyst; 2) no salivary gland, vascular, or neural elements in the cyst wall; and 3) location in the palate at a distance sufficiently posterior to avoid confusion with structures of the nasal palatine region. We report the findings of a palate lesion excised from a 27-year-old male which by location and histology were consistent only with a median palatal cyst. These data appear to authenticate, for the first time, the median palatal cyst as a distinct pathological entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cleft lip and palate patients prior to delayed closure of the hard palate: evaluation of maxillary morphology and the effect of early stimulation on pre-school speech.

Speech and maxillary development were analysed in two groups of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate; both groups had early jaw orthopaedic treatment and a surgical regimen that included two-stage lip surgery (mean ages of 2 and 19 months) and soft palate repair (8 months). Closure of the hard palate was postponed until the children were 8 to 10 years of age. The first group comprised 10 consecutive patients who were analysed at 5 and 7 years of age, and the second group seven patients who were studied at the age of 5. Both groups were thus investigated before the repair of the cleft in the hard palate. In addition to surgical and jaw orthopaedic treatment, the second group of patients received early stimulation of lip and tongue tip movements. Our results indicated that hypernasality was less a problem than was retracted palatal or velar articulation of dental consonants. These deviations tended to be reduced, however, after early stimulation. There seemed to be no clear association between the size of the residual cleft in the hard palate and the extent of speech development. The average size of the residual cleft in our patients was comparatively small, and decreased further during follow up. We conclude that preschool children with unilateral cleft lip and palate may develop good speech, in spite of the residual cleft, if they use an intraoral plate and are given extra lip and tongue tip stimulation, together with early speech therapy if necessary.

Child↗
PubMed2000

All trans retinoic acid interfering with palatal development. Scanning electron microscopical and light microscopical observations on embryonic rat palate.

Diverse studies on retinoic acid teratogenesis, during the recent years, indicate that the drug's analogues target on diverse cell population during differentiation in mammals. During an extended teratological protocol concerning retinoic acid influence in diverse embryonic tissue differentiation in experimental animals we studied all-trans-retinoic acid's influence on palatal development in the white rat embryo. For this purpose, six groups of white rat embryos were studied: Group 1 was treated with 100 mg/kilogram of body weight (k.b.w.) on gestational days (g.d.) 10th and 11th, Group 2 was treated with 100 mg all-trans-retinoic acid/k.b.w. on g.d. 11.5, Group 3 was treated with 50 mg all-trans retinoic acid/k.b.w. on g.d. 10th, 11th and 12th, Group 4 was treated with 50 mg all-trans-retinoic acid/k.b.w. on g.d. 11th and 12th, Group 5 was treated with 20 mg all-trans-retinoic acid/k.b.w. on g.d. 7.5, 8.5, 9.5, 10.5 and 11.5, Group 6 remained untreated. Embryonic heads aged 20 days were observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In all treated groups clefts and malformations concerning the differentiation of palatal cell populations were observed. All our findings were compared with normal palatal morphology of untreated "control" embryos. Among the malformations, median clefts were observed, extended along only a part of the primary and all the secondary palate for group 2, the primary and secondary palate for groups 1, 3 and 5 while on group 4, an irregularity of the median palatal raphe and rugae were combined with a median incomplete cleft extended between the primary and secondary palate. Our results are discussed in relation with the international literature results.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed2000

The effectiveness of palate-less versus complete palatal coverage dentures (a pilot study).

The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of palate-less dentures as a substitute for conventional complete palatal coverage. Ten edentulous patients who had recently received maxillary and mandibular complete dentures were included in the study. The patients' maxillary conventional dentures were duplicated to construct 'U' shape palate-less dentures. A strain gauge biting fork was used to compare the maximum biting force and chewing tests using almond were performed. They failed to show significant differences. Eight patients were more comfortable with the palate-less dentures than the complete palatal coverage. It was concluded that Palate-less dentures could be as effective as dentures with complete palatal coverage.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Craniofacial cephalometric morphology in six-year-old girls with submucous cleft palate and isolated cleft palate.

Ninety-three girls with cleft palate (53 submucous cleft palate (SMCP) and 40 isolated cleft palate (ICP)), mean age 6.2 years (range 5.5-7.5), were compared retrospectively from lateral cephalograms. Forty-three patients with SMCP had had surgical treatment at the mean age of 3.4 years (range 0.9-6.8), 10 of the SMCP patients were unoperated. Twenty-six patients with ICP had clefts of the hard and soft palate, and 14 had clefts of the soft palate only. Palatal closure of ICP had been done at the mean age of 1.5 years (range 1.0-2.1). The skeletal craniofacial morphology was similar in SMCP and ICP. The maxilla and mandible were well related to each other but slightly retrusive in relation to the cranial base. The slight skeletal retrusion was significantly more masked by soft tissue in patients with SMCP. The patients with SMCP showed higher values for soft tissue maxillary and mandibular prominence.

Cephalometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of soft palate function with MRI: application to the cleft palate patient.

Magnetic resonance imaging was employed to evaluate soft palate function in four normal volunteers and four patients with surgically repaired cleft palate, using a GE Signa clinical scanner at 1.5 T and a custom designed receive coil with a sensitivity profile encompassing from the nasopharynx to the larynx. Midsagittal images were obtained using spoiled gradient recalled acquisition at steady state while the subject phonated the following sounds: (a) MMM, (b) SSS, (c) DAH, and (d) EEE. An image at rest with normal breathing was also obtained. The soft palate and its relationship to the airway and the posterior pharyngeal wall were clearly visualized in all cases. Phonation of the prescribed sounds demonstrated the normal range of soft palate motion. The images also depicted the ability of the soft palate to divert airflow to the nasopharynx. Interpretation of functional MRI may be of value in evaluation of surgical results, guidance of speech therapy, and surgical planning in the cleft palate patient. This noninvasive alternative to conventional methods of visualization provides advantages in resolution, repeatability, and patient comfort.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Three-dimensional comparison between the palatal forms in infants with complete unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (UCLP) with and without Hotz's plate.

A three-dimensional measuring system was developed to analyze changes in palatal forms of UCLP infants. This system quantified the change of the curved surface on a palate by automatically superimposing two wireframe models obtained from casts at different stages of growth. It also analyzed the curvature of the palatal surface. This system was used to study the palates of 20 infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), from the first to fourth months after birth (12 with Hotz's plate and 8 without, selected at random). Both major and lesser maxillary segments without Hotz's plate remained anterior and lateral although those with Hotz's plate moved mesially during the fourth month after birth. In addition, the degrees of curvature on the palatal surfaces with Hotz's plate were less than those without Hotz's plate.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1996

Three-dimensional comparison between the palatal forms in infants with complete unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (UCLP) with and without Hotz's plate.

A three-dimensional measuring system was developed to analyze changes in palatal forms of UCLP infants. This system quantified the change of the curved surface on a palate by automatically superimposing two wireframe models obtained from casts at different stages of growth. It also analyzed the curvature of the palatal surface. This system was used to study the palates of 20 infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), from the first to fourth months after birth (12 with Hotz's plate and 8 without, selected at random). Both major and lesser maxillary segments without Hotz's plate remained anterior and lateral although those with Hotz's plate moved mesially during the fourth month after birth. In addition, the degrees of curvature on the palatal surfaces with Hotz's plate were less than those without Hotz's plate.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1979

Stage of palate closure as one indication of "liability" to cleft palate.

A new inbred mouse strain, SW/Fr, developed from a random-bred SW stock has a 6% incidence of spontaneous cleft palate without cleft lip. SW/Fr mice close their palates comparatively late in development. After cortisone treatment, the mean of the distribution (mean time to reach palate stage 5) is shifted towards later gestational ages. There is no change in the variance of the distribution. These data lend further support to the hypothesis that cleft palate in mice may fit a model where a continuous distribution is separated into discontinuous parts by a developmental threshold, and that time of palate closure is an important component of liability to cleft palate.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Epithelial breakdown in the palatal processes of mouse fetuses with spontaneous cleft lip and palate.

Contact and fusion of the palatal processes are prevented by mechanical obstruction in A/J mice with spontaneous cleft lip and palate. Histological examination of cleft-lip fetuses revealed a very thin epithelial covering on the tip of the palatal process at day 15 1/2 of gestation, when the palate normally undergoes fusion, but at day 16 the palatal epithelium was completely disrupted, exposing the underlying mesenchyme. This epithelial discontinuity lasted only one day--by day 17 epithelial continuity was reestablished. These findings support the hypothesis that contact between the palatal shevles is not a prerequisite for epithelial degeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Genetic aspects of the effects of methylmercury in mice: the incidence of cleft palate and concentrations of adenosine 3':5' cyclic monophosphate in tongue and palatal shelf.

Concentrations of adenosine 3':5' cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) were measured in the tongues and palates of 14.5-day-old fetuses from control and methylmercury-treated mothers of four inbred lines of mice which represent the four possible combinations of two H-2 alleles and two residual genetic backgrounds. The incidence of cleft palate in fetuses from control and methylmercury-treated mothers was also examined. The H-2 alleles significantly affected the degree of reduction of cAMP concentration in palates seen in fetuses from mothers treated with methylmercury. Neither the H-2 allele nor the residual genetic background played a role in the effect of methylmercury on cAMP concentrations in fetal tongues. The magnitude of increase in the incidence of cleft palate with methylmercury treatment was approximately the same for all lines. Thus, methylmercury-induced cleft palate may not be mediated by the reduction of cAMP. Finally, fetuses with cleft lip had increased palatal cAMP levels, whether or not they were from control or methylmercury treated mothers.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Palatal fusion - where do the midline cells go? A review on cleft palate, a major human birth defect.

Formation of the palate, the organ that separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity, is a developmental process characteristic to embryos of higher vertebrates. Failure in this process results in palatal cleft. During the final steps of palatogenesis, two palatal shelves outgrowing from the sides of the embryonic oronasal cavity elevate above the tongue, meet in the midline, and rapidly fuse together. Over the decades, multiple mechanisms have been proposed to explain how the superficial mucous membranes disappear from the contact line, thus allowing for normal midline mesenchymal confluence. A substantial body of experimental evidence exists for cell death, cell migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT), replacement through new tissue intercalation, and other mechanisms. However, the most recent use of gene recombination techniques in cell fate tracking disfavors the EMT concept, and suggests that apoptosis is the major fate of the midline cells during physiological palatal fusion. This article summarizes the benefits and drawbacks of histochemical and molecular tools used to determine the fates of cells within the palatal midline. Mechanisms of normal disintegration of the midline epithelial seam are reviewed together with pathologic processes that prevent this disintegration, thus causing cleft palate.

Animals↗