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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Comparison of panoramic radiography and panoramic digital subtraction radiography in the detection of simulated osteophytic lesions of the mandibular condyle.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare panoramic temporomandibular joint radiography, unenhanced and color-enhanced digital-subtraction radiography with respect to detectability of simulated osteophytic lesions of the mandibular condyle. METHODS: Three dry human skulls with no obvious temporomandibular joint pathology were selected. Four sizes of bone chips were placed on the anterior aspect of the condyle at medial, central, and lateral locations. Panoramic radiographs were made with and without the chips in place. These paired radiographs were digitized, and unenhanced and color-enhanced digital-subtraction images of the original panoramic images were obtained. Eight observers evaluated 72 randomized images of each modality for the presence or absence of simulated osteophytic lesions of the mandibular condyle, grading the images on a 100-point scale. RESULTS: A(z) values for overall diagnostic accuracy of the three imaging modalities were 0.5376 for panoramic radiography, 0.7861 for unenhanced digital subtraction radiography, and 0.7923 for color-enhanced digital-subtraction radiography. Digital-subtraction radiography improved the detection accuracy of the original panoramic films. CONCLUSION: Panoramic radiographs were significantly less accurate in the detection of simulated osteophytic lesions of the mandibular condyle than the two digital-subtraction techniques.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Central (interior) osteophytes of the distal femur. Imaging and pathologic findings.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To characterize central osteophytes (COs) of the distal femur, imaging features that enable their differentiation from intra-articular bodies were identified, and the frequency of overlying articular cartilage abnormalities was determined. METHODS: The authors inspected 133 distal femoral specimens and retrospectively reviewed knee radiographs of 48 symptomatic patients and magnetic resonance images of 60 symptomatic patients for presence of COs. The location and imaging features of COs, and their association with marginal osteophytes (MOs), were recorded. Articular cartilage abnormalities, if any, were documented in patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Specimen analysis showed a 41% prevalence of COs, 95% association of COs with MOs, and predominance of large COs in the medial femoral condyle (81%). Radiographic analysis revealed a 9.8% prevalence of COs in the distal femur. Magnetic resonance images demonstrated a 14.3% prevalence of COs, with the majority (73%) accompanied by an overlying cartilage that had abnormal signal intensity or morphology, or both. CONCLUSIONS: Central osteophytes are a common finding in the distal femur. Based on their location and cortical continuity with the underlying bone, most COs can be differentiated from intra-articular bodies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Osteophytes of the spine compressing the sympathetic trunk and splanchnic nerves in the thorax.

The presence of osteophytes compressing the sympathetic structures in the thorax was found in 655 (65.5%) of 1,000 cadavers. In 60.4% of the affected cases, the compression was on the right side, and in 36.9% it was bilateral, although the right side was more severely affected. In 2%, the compression was on the left only. The highest frequency of compression was at the T8-10 level, the right greater splanchnic nerve being the structure most frequently involved. The sympathetic trunk itself (ganglia and cord) was affected only by osteophytes of vertebrae at the lowest thoracic levels; however, bony excrescences due to costovertebral joint arthritis were frequently found impinging on the sympathetic trunk and its rami communicantes at similar frequencies on both sides. The factors governing the characteristic compression of the sympathetic structures in the thorax are the typical development of the osteophytes and the special relations of the sympathetic structures to the vertebral column at the various levels. It is proposed that these observations are useful in understanding certain observed clinical conditions and act an anatomic baseline for research in the future.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Thoracic vertebral osteophyte-causing myelopathy: early diagnosis and treatment.

STUDY DESIGN: A case report is described. OBJECTIVE: To highlight an unusual cause of thoracic myelopathy. METHODS: Clinical evaluation of 63-year-old male revealed myelopathy. Thoracic cord compression from a solitary projection of a facetal joint osteophyte at the T9-T10 level was documented on magnetic resonance imaging scans and computed tomography scans. RESULTS: The osteophyte was successfully excised. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracic cord compression can be caused by various space-occupying lesions, and a high index of suspicion will lead to diagnosis before neurologic deficit is clinically expressed. Magnetic resonance imaging scans and computed tomography scans both demonstrate the osteophyte, and expedient surgery avoids the progression of the neurologic deficit.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anterolateral extrapharyngeal approach for cervical osteophyte-induced dysphagia. Literature review.

While it is estimated that hypertrophic cervical osteophytes occur in up to 20% to 30% of the population, they are only rarely associated with dysphagia. Pathophysiologically, dysphagia may occur secondary to 1) mechanical compression with partial obstruction, or 2) periesophageal inflammation caused by pharyngoesophageal motion over the osteophytes. A careful history, indirect laryngoscopy, cineesophagography, and lateral cervical spine films establish the diagnosis in most patients. While routine rigid endoscopy is potentially hazardous in view of the recognized risk of inadvertent pharyngoesophageal perforation, it may be necessary in selected patients to rule out the presence of other more common causes of dysphagia. Conservative management consisting of sedation, antiinflammatory medication, and reassurance is often sufficient in patients with only mild to moderate and often transient symptoms. The value of surgical therapy for this disorder has been debated, but most agree that surgical excision is appropriate in selected patients whose symptoms are severe and progressive. In this report, two patients illustrate the dichotomy between and value of both conservative and surgical approaches. While both transoropharyngeal and transcervical extrapharyngeal surgical approaches have been used, a comprehensive review of the results of such procedures has not been reported. In this report a detailed description of the anterolateral extrapharyngeal approach for the excision of these osteophytes is given, and its value compared to other surgical techniques discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Spondylosis in the whale--an anatomicoradiological study of an osteophyte.

This report describes a macroscopic and radiological study (on a dry specimen) of a whale vertebra having an osteophyte of spondylosis similar to those present in man and other mammalians. This osteophyte has a remodelled and dense structure different from that of the normal neighbouring bone of the vertebral body (which has the particular bone structure of a cetacean). The study of the osteophytes and the bridges of sponylosis in the marine mammalians offers particularly favourable conditions for a better dissociation of the pre-existing vertebral body and the extrinsic bone which was newly developed under the influence of mechanical factors.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Transpedicular approaches to cervical uncovertebral osteophytes causing radiculopathy.

OBJECT: The anterolateral and posterior transpedicular foraminotomies were developed to enhance the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy secondary to uncovertebral osteophytes. These novel surgical approaches may be advantageous because they allow direct decompression of the nerve root while preserving normal movement and stability of the motion segment. The use of the pedicle to obtain access to compressive uncovertebral osteophytes, without causing damage to the motion segment, has not been previously reported. METHODS: The authors present the early outcome data obtained in 27 patients who underwent an anterolateral or posterior foraminotomy. Eighty-eight percent of patients who underwent anterolateral foraminotomy and 94% of those who underwent a posterior transpedicular procedure experienced complete or significant relief of brachialgia. Postoperatively none of the patients were symptomatically or neurologically worse. CONCLUSIONS: The transpedicular approach is an effective and potentially improved method of treating symptomatic cervical uncovertebral osteophytes compared with techniques previously described.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension associated with transdural thoracic osteophyte reversed by primary. dural repair. Case report.

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is an increasingly recognized syndrome associated with a specific set of clinical and imaging findings; however, determining the site of spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage in these patients is often difficult, and indications for surgical intervention need to be better defined. The authors report on a 55-year-old woman who presented with posture-related headache, disorientation, and memory impairment. Imaging features were consistent with SIH. Computerized tomography myelography demonstrated a large T2-3 anterior transdural osteophyte associated with a CSF fistula. After an unsuccessful trial of conservative therapy, the patient underwent median sternotomy, T2-3 discectomy and removal of osteophyte, which allowed adequate exposure for primary dural repair. Postoperatively, there was immediate and prolonged resolution of all of her symptoms. This case of SIH was caused by transdural penetration by an anterior osteophyte and CSF leakage in the upper thoracic spine, which was treated effectively by anterior exposure and primary dural repair. Aggressive surgical intervention may be required to treat upper thoracic CSF leaks refractory to other measures.

Diskectomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of vertebral artery deformation by the osteophytes of uncovertebral areas on cerebral hemodynamics].

Based on the analysis of 37 cases, an ultrasonic picture is described together with the character of a change in dopplerographic indicators in compression of the vertebral artery from osteophytes of the uncovertebral regions. In most cases (94.6%) the deformation is not accompanied by a hemodynamically significant compression (stenosing) of the artery and does not affect the indices for the intracranial bloodflow. The vertebral artery deformation from osteophytes affects parameters characterizing cerebral bloodflow when it is associated with other pathology. Movements in the cervical region of the spine do not increase compression of the vertebral artery from osteophytes of the uncovertebral region. Significance of the vertebral artery compression in the extracranial region can be adequately assessed mostly by indices for intracranial bloodflow. Thus, some other factors or their association that are most often not taken account of can play the leading part in the development of cerebral vascular insufficiency, such as occlusive lesions, deformations of arteries, anomalies of development, reflex vascular pathology etc. As a matter of fact, it is on extremely rare occasions that osteophytosis has a pronounced hemodynamically significant effect on the vertebral artery, it is not considered to be the only cause of cerebral circulatory disorders in people under 58-60 years of age.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

An investigation of the frequency of co-existence of osteophytes and circumscribed full thickness articular surface defects in the knee joint.

Osteophytes are osteochondral repair tissues formed usually at the margins of synovial joints in response to a more central full thickness articular cartilage defect. These defects can be managed using the autologous chondrocytes implantation technique or with composite osteochondral grafting. Materials for osteochondral grafting of circumscribed full thickness articular surface defects may be obtained from osteophytes. In this study, the frequency of co-existence of these two intra-articular lesions was studied prospectively in patients undergoing therapeutic arthroscopy for painful knee conditions. Thirty-three of 88 knees (37.5%) had full thickness articular surface defects and 23 of these (69.7%) had associated osteophytes formation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Cervical spine degenerative changes (narrowed intervertebral disc spaces and osteophytes) in coal miners.

A series of 685 x-ray films of the cervical spine obtained in coal miners was analyzed to explore the occurrence of narrowed disc spaces and osteophytes in this occupational group, and to examine the association of x-ray changes with age, duration of employment, and duration of occupational exposure to hand-arm vibration. All data were extracted from individual medical files of coal miners examined for suspected hand-arm vibration-related disorders in 1989-1999 at the Occupational Medicine Center in Katowice. The narrowed intervertebral disc spaces were found in 188 coal miners (26.9%) and osteophytes in 332 coal miners (47.5%). The occurrence of degenerative changes in coal miners was similar to that observed in a small group of 68 blue-collar workers (no exposure to hand-arm vibration) employed in the coal industry. Univariate comparisons showed that narrowed intervertebral disc spaces and osteophytes were more frequent among older subjects and among subjects with longer duration of employment. The prevalence of changes also showed some relationship with the number of years of exposure to hand-arm vibration. The results of logistic regression analysis confirmed statistically significant effect of age, but not of other factors included in the model. When both x-ray changes were grouped together (a combined dependent variable) age remained the only statistically significant explanatory variable. The findings do not support the view that the examined degenerative changes in the cervical spine are more prevalent in coal miners and depend on duration of physical work or local exposure to hand-arm vibration in this occupational group.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Anterior cervical osteophytes causing dysphagia.

A review of the literature and four additional cases of surgical excision of anterior cervical osteophytes causing dysphagia is presented. Surgical excision of the osteophytes is recommended only after a complete evaluation to rule out other causes of dysphagia and after an adequate period of conservative therapy. The patients must be advised that frequently symptoms will recur to some extent as time progresses. In patients who have findings consistent with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH Syndrome) recurrence of the osteophyte appears to be more common.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Studies of osteophyte pathogenesis in experimentally induced osteoarthritis.

Osteophyte formation in a partial meniscectomy model of osteoarthritis (OA) in rabbits was studied. Serial sacrifices were performed at 1 day, 3 days, and 1, 4, 6, 8, 12 weeks in partial meniscectomy (15), nonoperated (14) and sham-operated (7) animals. H and E, safranin-O/fast green and toluidine blue stains were performed on coronal sections and pathologic findings correlated with 3H-thymidine autoradiography. Sham-operated and nonoperated control animals (similar findings) revealed grade 1 synovial/periosteal proliferation. Sixty percent of control animals exhibited small nubbin-like spurs at the medial tibial plateau. In partial meniscectomy animals, osteophytes occurred as early as 1 week, and in 7/9 (78%) animals after 4 weeks. Grade 2-4 synovial, perichondrial/periosteal thickening, cell proliferation and vascularity were seen. Soft tissue and bone responded in parallel. Results demonstrated normally high cellular activity at the joint periphery; vascular responses did not precede osteophyte formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Idiopathic adolescent scoliosis--a prototype of degenerative joint disease. The relation of biomechanic factors to osteophyte formation.

A study was performed to evaluate the presence of degenerative joint disease (DJD) in idiopathic adolescent scoliosis (IAS) and correlate DJD with biomechanic factors. The average age of the subjects was 19 years (range, 12-30). Osteophytes reflecting the presence of degenerative joint disease occurred in apophyseal and/or intervertebral joints of 74% of 100 subjects. Osteophytes were correlated with curve angle and apical rotation. Compression forces are of pathogenic significance in the localization of osteophytes in IAS. IAS can serve as a naturally occurring prototype for the study of the influence of biomechanic factors on the pathogenesis of DJD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Osteophytes and the osteoarthritic femoral head.

The study describes the topography, morphology and growth of osteophytes in forty femoral heads removed from patients presenting with advanced osteoarthritis of the hip. In addition to standard histological techniques, radiography of serial bone slices in vivo bone labelling with tetracycline and 32P were used. The pattern of major osteophyte formation appeared to be influenced by the direction, degree and rate of displacement of the femoral head in relation to the acetabulum; four principal patterns of growth were noted. Osteophytes form part of extensive osteogenic processes that involve bone structure in the osteoarthritic joint.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1993

[Involvement of the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine in the morphogenesis of osteophytes in spondylosis deformans].

Morphology and relief of the mineralizing front of osteophytes associated with lumbar spondylosis have been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. During osteophyte formation deep-laid fibers of anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine undergo mineralization followed by their resorption and subsequent replacement by bone structures. Osteophyte surface at its apex consists of mineralized fibers of longitudinal ligament of the spine, formed by mineralized cartilage structures in the area adjacent to the intervertebral disk and by resting bone surface with zone of bone formation and resorption in the area adjacent to longitudinal ligament of the spine.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Dysphagia complications in ankylosing spinal hyperostosis and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Roentgenographic findings of the developmental process of cervical osteophytes causing dysphagia.

This is the first report of the process of formulation of a cervical osteophyte causing dysphagia. The patient had ankylosing spinal hyperostosis and OPLL and was followed radiographically for a long time before the onset of dysphagia. The radiological observation suggested that dysphagia was produced when the immobile part of the esophagus was compressed by the anterior projecting cervical osteophyte. The immobility of the esophagus is an important factor in determining whether dysphagia occurs. Another possible contributing factor to dysphagia in this patient was the ossification of the cervical anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments. The OPLL affected intervertebral segmental motion and induced the formation of anterior projecting cervical osteophytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Anterior cervical osteophytes: a rare cause of dysphagia.

Anterior cervical osteophyte is a rare cause of dysphagia usually occurring in the elderly. We report two cases in which the anterior cervical osteophytes impinged upon the esophagus, and we describe their surgical management. Initial investigation of a case of dysphagia should be directed to the common causes; however, in the elderly and in those with disorders of the cervical spine an anterior cervical osteophyte may be the cause of dysphagia.

Aged↗