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Primary orgasmic dysfunction: essential treatment components.

In an attempt to determine the essential components of a successful treatment regime for primary orgasmic dysfunction, the principle treatment approaches are reviewed to elucidate the similarities in different programs which have reported similar outcome data. It is concluded that the systematic desensitization studies, the masturbatory training approaches, and the Reproductive Biology Research Foundation series are all effective treatment procedures. It appears that all three approaches employ graduated exposure to sexual stimuli plus some form of directive psychotherapy emphasizing interpersonal skills acquisition. These may be the essential treatment components.

Female↗

Group treatment of situationally orgasmic women.

It appears that an all women's group treatment program is successful for two-thirds of the women who enter the program in terms of teaching them to experience orgasm with their partner more frequently and in different ways and that these changes are maintained. The program is most effective for those women in casual relationships and relationships which are of a committed or very serious nature but which have not been in existence for over 1 1/2 years. In those relationships that are committed, but over 3 years' duration, results are more mixed. It may be possible that additional conjoint treatment may increase the effectiveness of the program for these couples, but this hypothesis requires further research.

Adult↗

Changes in assertiveness and changes in orgasmic response occurring with sexual therapy for preorgasmic women.

Assertive behavioral effects of therapy for anorgasmia are examined. Four groups of preorgasmic women were measured on their assertive behavior before, after and four months following therapy focused on obtaining orgasm through self-stimulation. The results of measures of self-reported comfort with assertion as well as probability of acting assertively as measured by the Gambrill-Richey Assertion Inventory indicate that changes did occur in all groups. A significant decrease in felt discomfort with assertive behavior and an increase in the probability of responding assertively was found in all groups. Implications for considering the impact of sexual therapy on various aspects of interpersonal relationships rather than exclusively on symptom removal are suggested.

Adult↗

A comparison of three therapeutic formats in the treatment of secondary orgasmic dysfunction.

The goal of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of three therapeutic formats: Standard Couple Therapy, Group Therapy, and Minimal Contact Bibliotherapy (self-help) in the treatment of 23 couples in which the wife was suffering from secondary orgasmic dysfunction. The results indicate that a cognitive-behavioral sex therapy program is clearly effective in changing a wide range of subjective satisfaction and behavioral measures, with concurrence of the husbands' and wives' data providing further strength to these findings. Differences in outcome which were elicited in the three experimental treatment conditions were mainly in favor of the Standard Couple condition. Since such differences were neither frequent nor great, practical issues related to increasing the effectiveness of less time-consuming treatment formats are discussed. In addition, the theoretical implications of using global versus specific therapy outcome criteria are explored.

Adult↗

Measurement of therapy outcome and maintenance of gains in the behavioral treatment of secondary orgasmic dysfunction.

Choice of therapeutic goals and criteria used for evaluation of therapeutic outcome represent fundamental conceptual and methodological issues. The present investigation examined the relationship between how data were obtained (by retrospective questionnaire or ongoing daily self-monitoring), what outcome criteria were used (behavioral or cognitive-affective), whose data were being analyzed (the female or male partner), and when measurements were taken (at posttherapy or follow-up) in a sample of 23 couples with the problem of secondary orgasmic dysfunction in the wife. The results indicate that retrospective measurement was more optimistic than ongoing; cognitive-affective changes were twice as likely to occur as changes in behaviors; females benefited more than males; and there were considerable losses of therapeutic gains at follow-up. These results underscore the need for multiple measurement techniques and highlight the multidimensional quality of the sexual experience.

Adult↗

Psychiatric drugs and inhibited female orgasm.

The available evidence concerning sexual side effects of psychiatric drugs suggests that inhibited female orgasm may be associated with the use of hetereocyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, benzodiazepines, and neuroleptics. Possible mechanisms of action including anticholinergic, alpha adrenergic blockade, and serotonergic effects are discussed.

Antidepressive Agents↗

Antidepressant-induced orgasm disorder.

Most of the antidepressants approved for use in the United States, with the possible exceptions of bupropion and nefazodone, have been associated with drug-induced anorgasmia. Common strategies to overcome this drug side effect include waiting for tolerance to develop, dose reduction, change of dosing regimen, substitution of an alternative antidepressant, and coadministration of another drug. Current evidence suggests that antidepressant-induced anorgasmia may be mediated by 5HT2 antagonism of adrenergic mechanisms that underlie normal orgasm.

Antidepressive Agents↗

The effect on erection and orgasm of cystectomy, prostatectomy and vesiculectomy for cancer of the bladder: a clinical and electromyographic study.

Forty-three men who had been subjected to cystectomy and concomitant prostatectomy, vesiculectomy and urethrectomy were interviewed about their pre-operative and post-operative sexual activities at a mean of 3 (range 1 to 8) years after operation. Twenty-eight of the 38 men (74%) who had been sexually active continued to have some form of sexual activity, 21 of them achieving orgasm. Only 3 men had penile erection; 2 of them had been subjected to prostatectomy and 1 to prostatic resection. One of these men treated by prostatectomy had also had urethrectomy. Electromyographic registration from the striated external urethral sphincter, the bulbocavernosus muscle and the levator ani muscle showed normal duration of muscular contractions and length of interval between contractions after operation. The pattern of impulses during organs did not differ from that of normal men.

Adult↗

Fluoxetine and orgasmic sexual experiences.

The purpose of this article to describe a unique potential side effect of fluoxetine. A case report of a patient with post stroke depression treated with fluoxetine is presented. Fluoxetine was associated temporally with frequent short episodes of sexual excitement described by the patient as feeling like an orgasm. The relationship was dose dependent. Serotonergic medications, like fluoxetine, may induce sexual stimulation as a side effect. The mechanism for this effect is unclear but patients with organic brain disease may be at higher risk for this complication.

Aged↗

The role of serotonin in sexual dysfunction: fluoxetine-associated orgasm dysfunction.

Iatrogenic sexual dysfunction has been associated with many pharmacologic agents. The authors report 6 cases of orgasm dysfunction associated with the use of fluorxetine in 77 depressed outpatients. Fluoxetine is a novel antidepressant known to block the reuptake of serotonin with little effect on other neurotransmitter systems. Because fluoxetine has a specific mechanism of action, it serves as a useful model to hypothesize about potential mechanisms of drug-induced sexual dysfunction. The possible effects of serotonin on central, spinal, and peripheral anatomical areas are discussed in relation to drug-induced sexual dysfunction.

Adult↗

Inhibited female orgasm resulting from psychotropic drugs. A five-year, updated, clinical review.

As of 1989, the psychotropic drugs that have been reported to inhibit female orgasm include antipsychotic agents (thioridazine, trifluoperazine and fluphenazine), the combination drug perphenazine/amitriptyline, antidepressants (phenelzine, isocarboxazid, tranylcypromine, amoxapine, clomipramine, imipramine, nortriptyline and desipramine) and anxiolytic agents (diazepam, flurazepam and alprazolam). The management of psychotropic-drug-induced female anorgasmia includes discontinuation of the offending drug, reduction of the dosage level, a wait for spontaneous remission while the patient remains on the agent and substitution of another medication. The use of bethanechol chloride and cyproheptadine has been successful in resolving anorgasmia while patients continue to receive antidepressants.

Female↗

[Subjective orgasm experience in the female].

500 women were questioned to problems of the female sexuality. Particular attention was dedicated questiones of orgasm events. Correlations were made between the biological determination and the social position of women in the society. It is discussed coincidences but also fundamental differences caused by change of the part of the women in family and society.

Adolescent↗

[Female orgasmic nodules].

During experimental female orgasm (or illation), the prominence of five stages which correspond to the orgastic raise. This raise leads to the apparition of very characteristic nodules, which are structured as they group desquamed vaginal cells together with transuded blood cells. Furthermore, the loss of pseudocrystallization of the ovulatory cervical phlegm is to be noted ("fern type crystallization"). An enzymatic explanation for these phenomena, which lead to the intervention of hyaluronidases, may be proposed.

Arousal↗

The meaning of heterosexual intercourse among women with female orgasmic disorder.

The present studies attempt to portray the unique profile of the subjective meaning of heterosexual intercourse in women with Female Orgasmic Disorder (FOD). In Studies 1 and 2, the Meaning of Heterosexual Intercourse Scale for Women (MHISW) was developed. In Study 3, the MHISW was administered to 36 self-referred women with FOD, 26 nonreferred women with FOD, and 36 sexually functional women. Findings indicated that self-referred women with FOD scored higher than both nonreferred women with FOD and sexually functional women on factors with an aversive nature related to feelings of alienation and anxieties, whereas nonreferred women with FOD scored higher on few of these aversive factors in comparison with sexually functional women. Interestingly, sexually functional women scored higher than women with FOD on only a limited number of factors with relational and instrumental positive connotations. The contribution of the findings to the understanding FOD was discussed.

Adult↗

The prevalence of phimosis of the clitoris in women presenting to the sexual dysfunction clinic: lack of correlation to disorders of desire, arousal and orgasm.

Physical examination of the genitalia was performed during an evaluation of women with sexual health problems. Cephalad displacement of the right and left labia minora enables full retraction of the clitoral prepuce and complete exposure of the glans clitoris, under normal circumstances. We defined clitoral examination as abnormal when the cephalad force resulted in varying degrees of incomplete foreskin retraction and limited exposure of the glans clitoris. The pathophysiology is likely to be secondary to recurrent vulvar dermal infections of blunt trauma changing prepucial elasticity. Clitoral phimosis, a previously undiagnosed physical finding, was identified in 22% of the women. Other than its link to sexual pain, the clinical significance of this finding, in particular the relation to diminished sensitivity and impaired orgasmic capability, is unclear at this time.

Adult↗

Validation of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) in women with female orgasmic disorder and in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder.

The Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI; Rosen et al., 2000) is a self-report measure of sexual functioning that has been validated on a clinically diagnosed sample of women with female sexual arousal disorder. The present investigation extended the validation of the FSFI to include women with a primary clinical diagnosis of female orgasmic disorder (FOD; n = 71) or hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD; n = 44). Internal consistency and divergent validity of the FSFI were within the acceptable range for these populations of women. Significant differences between women with FOD and controls and between women with HSDD and controls were noted for each of the FSFI domain and total scores.

Adult↗