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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prognostic significance of risk factors in pregnancy. I. Observations of onset and duration of observed pregnancy risks].

In a prospective study 383 from 712 women attending our antenatal clinic were found on examination to have pregnancy risks. These were followed with regard to the time of first occurrence, duration and time of last occurrence, as well as their relation to other risk factors occurring in both history, examination or during labour. The method of delivery, necessity for postpartal intensive pediatric care and the perinatal mortality were considered. Risks included antepartal haemorrhage in the first trimester (median time of onset 11 weeks); in the second trimester: hypotension (20 weeks), cervical incompetence (21 weeks), anaemia (25,5 weeks), premature labour (29 weeks) and uterus size inappropriate to gestational age (34,5 weeks) in the third trimester. Antepartal haemorrhage tends to be episodic (median duration of bleeding one week). The average duration for a cerclage was 16 weeks. The other risk factors were observed to last between 3 and 8 weeks. The onset and duration of risk factors found on examination considered alone do not present a sufficient criterion to enable their gravidity to be judged.

Anemia↗
PubMed1996

Visually impaired observers require a larger window than normally sighted observers to read from a scroll display.

BACKGROUND: As text is magnified, the number of letters that can be displayed with a magnifier or other reading aid at any one time (window size) is reduced. There is a great deal of evidence that reading rates increase as the number of letters displayed increases. The minimum number of proportionally spaced letters necessary to read at maximal rates from a scroll display, in which the text is continuously panned across a television screen, is not known. METHODS: Visually impaired (VI) and normally sighted (NA) observers were asked to read either sentences or random words scrolled across a computer screen. The window size was varied so that from one to 12 characters were visible, on average, at any one time. Each subject read with six different window sizes within the range of one to 12 characters visible. RESULTS: For the NA group, a window of four to five characters was necessary to read at maximal rates. VI subjects, as a group, required a significantly larger window of six to seven characters to reach maximal reading rates. CONCLUSIONS: The window size requirement for the NA group is close to the size other investigators have reported for a fixed-width font. However, the VI group required a larger window than did the NA group, which has not been previously reported. This requirement could result from the additional stimulation available with a larger window to entrain the eyes' motion when reading from a passively scrolled display.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Implementation of universal directly observed therapy at a New York City hospital and evaluation of an out-patient directly observed therapy program.

SETTING: Directly observed therapy (DOT) program for tuberculosis (TB) at a New York City hospital. OBJECTIVE: To describe a specific TB DOT program model utilizing active prospective identification of inpatients, and identify factors associated with patient acceptance of voluntary DOT and with their retention in therapy. METHODS: Recruitment for DOT by daily surveillance of in-patients. DOT was offered as the patient's choice together with concrete services and incentives. On-site DOT was offered in an out-patient clinic. Outreach efforts were initiated when a patient missed one or more DOT visit. RESULTS: During the study period, 95% of 176 in-patients with TB were evaluated for DOT. Of the 137 who were eligible for DOT, 85% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77.5% to 90%) elected to receive DOT. Illicit drug use was independently associated with a higher likelihood of acceptance of DOT (odds ratio[OR], 4.88; 95% CI, 1.5-15.7). Among the 101 patients who received onsite DOT, illicit drug use (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.08-0.6) and previous TB therapy (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.27-0.7) were both independently associated with lower retention in therapy. However, with intensive case management, only 1% of this cohort was lost to follow-up and the overall treatment completion index was 98%. CONCLUSION: In-patient surveillance is a highly effective DOT recruitment strategy. A DOT model which elicits patient participation in discharge plans and offers incentives can yield a high rate of voluntary acceptance. Outpatient case management is a highly effective means of ensuring treatment completion, especially in those at risk for poor retention.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Usefulness of psychometric evaluation in the care of psychiatric patients: evaluation of the Italian version of "Nurses Observation Scale for Inpatient Observation" (N.O.S.I.S)].

We carried out a validation study of the Italian version of the "Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation" (It. v. N.O.S.I.E). The It. v. N.O.S.I.E. was administered to a heterogeneous department. Factor analysis revealed six factors underlying the scale structure (Social interest, Neatness, Irritability, Psychosis, Retardation, Competence): the result is similar to those of other previously published studies. The It. v. of N.O.S.I.E. can be considered a valid instrument useful for the nursing staff in the formulation of individual care plans for inpatients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

An inter-observer and intra-observer variability study on the diagnosis of lymph node biopsy specimens.

One hundred lymph node biopsy specimens were examined on two separate occasions by seven pathologists differing in experience in lymphoreticular pathology. Neither history nor immunohistochemistry was provided and the study, therefore, focused on morphological interpretation alone. The participants evaluated each case using a constructed response form in which the confidence with which they entered each response was also entered. Agreement on various points, between pathologists, between the two rounds, and with the referring centre was assessed. Whilst there was a high level of agreement over a diagnosis of benign vs. malignant and non-Hodgkin lymphoma vs. Hodgkin's disease, there was considerably less agreement over both T vs. B cell phenotype and high vs. low grade. The lack of agreement over grade, an evaluation which is usually made independent of immunohistochemistry, is particularly important, because of the relevance to selection of treatment. Proliferation markers may be more appropriate determinants of treatment choice.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2003

Confirmation of an acute no-observed-adverse-effect and low-observed-adverse-effect level for copper in bottled drinking water in a multi-site international study.

In a double blind, 3x3 factorial (volumexdose) study, 70 adult females (18-60 years of age) at four different international sites (total pooled n=269) were given 100, 150, or 200ml of bottled drinking water with 0.4, 0.8, or 1.2mg of copper (Cu) as the sulfate salt once each week. Two additional doses (0 and 1.6mg Cu) were added at the 200ml volume to determine a dose-response relationship and corroborate previously reported results. All subjects completed a questionnaire at 0, 0.25, and 1h post-dosing that screened for positive gastrointestinal (GI) effects (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea). Nausea was the most prevalent symptom reported and was generally reported within the first 15min (water volume, p<0.032; copper dose, p<0.0001; and water volumexcopper interaction, p<0.97). As volume increased, the effect of Cu-induced nausea decreased; as Cu dose increased, the incidence of nausea increased. At 200ml, a significant increase in reported incidence of nausea at 0.25h occurred at 1.2 mg Cu (6mg Cu/L), indicating a NOAEL of 0.8mg Cu (4mg Cu/L) for adult females. These data confirm a previously determined human acute NOAEL for Cu added to distilled water, and provide additional, controlled human data for determining safe concentrations of Cu in drinking water.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

Cervical changes in twin pregnancies observed by transvaginal ultrasound during the latter half of pregnancy: a longitudinal, observational study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine what constitutes normal cervical changes in twin gestations during the latter half of pregnancy, and whether there are differences in the pattern of cervical change between women expecting twins giving birth at term (> or = 36 completed gestational weeks, GW) and preterm. METHODS: Twenty women (12 nulliparous, eight parous) expecting twins were examined with transvaginal ultrasound every week from 24 GW until delivery. Cervical length and width were measured, the inner cervical os was assessed as being closed or open, and any dynamic cervical changes were noted. Examination results were unavailable to the staff involved in the care of the women. RESULTS: Eight women (40%) delivered preterm spontaneously at 32-35 GW. Cervical length remained unchanged ( approximately 10 mm) in one woman, who delivered preterm. It decreased in the remaining 19 women. The median shortening rate for women manifesting a continuous shortening of the cervix was 2.9 (0.8-5.2) mm/week in women giving birth preterm vs. 1.8 (0.8-2.4) mm/week in those who gave birth at term (P = 0.08). Median cervical length at the first examination was similar in women who delivered preterm and at term (39 vs. 41 mm), but at 32 GW the cervix was shorter in women who delivered preterm (median, 18 vs. 31 mm, P = 0.02). Cervical width remained unchanged in 63% (5/8) of the women who delivered preterm vs. 8% (1/12) of those who gave birth at term (P = 0.02). The cervix became wider in the remaining women. Median cervical width at the first examination was similar in women who delivered preterm and at term (38 vs. 38 mm), but in women who delivered preterm the cervix was thinner at 0-6 days before spontaneous start of labor (median, 40 vs. 48 mm, P = 0.07). An opening of the inner cervical os was seen < or = 27 GW in 88% (7/8) of the women who delivered preterm vs. 17% (2/12) of those who delivered at term (P = 0.006), the corresponding figures for dynamic changes being 63% (5/8) vs. 17% (2/12) (P = 0.06). Dynamic changes were seen in a greater proportion of the examinations in women who delivered preterm (median, 25% vs. 4%, P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of cervical changes from 24 GW to delivery differs between twin pregnancies delivering preterm (at 32-35 GW) and at term (> or = 36 GW). In twin pregnancies delivered preterm cervical shortening is more rapid, the cervix does not broaden to the same extent as in twins delivered at term, an open inner cervical os and dynamic cervical changes are seen earlier in gestation, and dynamic cervical changes are seen more often. Cervical changes in women with twins who give birth as early as at 24-31 GW may be different.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of histochemical observations of activity of acid hydrolases obtained with semipermeable membrane techniques: a combined histochemical and biochemical investigation 2. The biochemical investigation and comparison with the histochemical observations.

The reliability of enzyme histochemical semipermeable membrane techniques for the demonstration of acid hydrolases was investigated with a combined histochemical and biochemical study. In part 1 the histochemical findings were presented. In this communication the biochemical findings are reported and compared with the histochemical findings. In m. soleus, m. plantaris, m. gastrocnemius and diaphragm of vitamin E deficient rabbits the activity of the lysosomal acid hydrolases, cathepsin D, acid maltase, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase is significantly increased. This increase in activity of the investigated acid hydrolases was equal for muscles with an aerobic or an anaerobic metabolism. By means of statistical calculations the activity of the enzymes demonstrated with histochemical techniques was compared with the enzyme activity determined with biochemical techniques. From the results of this investigation it can be concluded that the histochemical semipermeable membrane techniques for the demonstration of activity of acid hydrolases are very reliable. Considering the fact that these techniques are also tissue-saving, they are therefore extremely suitable for the study of catabolic wasting processes in skeletal muscle tissues of patients with inherited or acquired muscular diseases.

Acid Phosphatase↗