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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Relationship between exposure to icterogenic agents, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and neonatal jaundice in Nigeria.

In a study of the relationship between exposure to icterogenic agents, G-6-PD deficiency and severe neonatal jaundice (NNJ) (serum bilirubin greater than or equal to 205 mumol/l) in 234 Nigerian term male neonates, 106 infants with severe NNJ and 128 controls, it was found that 62.3% of the jaundiced infants and 13.3% of the infants without NNJ were G6PD deficient (p less than 0.01). The proportion of infants exposed to icterogenic agents in the two groups was very similar (p greater than or equal to 0.5). There was a strong association between exposure to icterogenic agents and NNJ in 83 G6PD deficient infants (p less than 0.01), but there was no association between exposure to icterogenic agents and NNJ in the whole group of 234 infants or in 151 infants with normal G6PD status. It is concluded that there is an association between genetically determined G-6-PD deficiency and exogenous agents in causing severe NNJ in Nigerian infants.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1987

A family of Becker's progressive muscular dystrophy with severe cardiomyopathy.

A family of Becker's muscular dystrophy with marked cardiomyopathy was studied. The propositus, a 16-year-old boy with marked pseudohypertrophy in calves, showed electrocardiographic abnormalities resembling those in the Duchenne's type. Radionuclide study and endomyocardial biopsy revealed remarkable degeneration of myocardium. His uncle, who also had slight proximal muscular atrophy and weakness, and calves' pseudohypertrophy, died of heart failure at the age of 47, and autopsy showed dystrophic changes in skeletal muscles and extensive myocardial damage. Severe cardiac involvement can occur in Becker's muscular dystrophy which has been known to have an essentially benign clinical course, and radionuclide investigation is useful for the detection of preclinical cardiac lesions in patients with muscular dystrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Predictive validity of the Braunwald classification of unstable angina for angiographic findings, short-term prognoses, and treatment selection.

The authors tested the Braunwald classification for its predictive validity for underlying coronary conditions, clinical courses, and responses to treatment. A reliable definition and classification of unstable angina is needed to help physicians make correct diagnoses of patients' conditions and to appraise findings from clinical trials critically. Many clinical trials have been conducted, but it is difficult to compare the results because of different entry criteria. Of 113 consecutive patients admitted with unstable angina, 89 who had primary angina were studied. Braunwald's classification was applied at admission. The outcomes of interest during hospitalization were coronary angiographic findings, short-term prognoses, and the treatment selected. Multivariate analysis showed that the severity class expressed significant positive predictivity for coronary thrombi (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 6.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.82 to 15.1) and progress to impending infarction (OR, 10.43; CI, 3.35 to 32.49). The treatment (OR, 0.02; CI, 0.004 to 0.08) and electrocardiographic (OR, 0.22; CI 0.10 to 0.49) classes showed independent negative predictivity for coronary vasospasm. The treatment (OR, 3.50; CI, 1.94 to 6.33) and electrocardiographic (odds ratio, 3.27; CI, 1.87 to 5.71) classes showed positive predictivity for the necessity for recanalization treatment with coronary angioplasty or bypass grafting. The Braunwald classification used at admission is highly predictive of underlying coronary conditions, progression to impending infarction, and the final selection of treatment. This classification should be considered in determining patient eligibility in clinical trials and studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Neonatal tetanus in babies of women immunized with tetanus toxoid during pregnancy.

In a study of 52 cases of neonatal tetanus admitted to Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesha, it was found that 17 (33%) of the babies were delivered to mothers who had received adequate tetanus toxoid immunization during pregnancy. The 17 babies were compared with the remaining 35 babies whose mothers had not received tetanus prophylaxis. The case fatality rates in these two groups were 12.5% and 60% respectively (P less than 0.01). This report shows that neonatal tetanus can occur in babies of mothers who were immunized with tetanus toxoid during pregnancy. Maternal immunity may, however, improve the prognosis in such infants.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Determinants of severity of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in ABO incompatibility in Nigeria.

The study was designed to determine factors responsible for the severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia sometimes found in ABO incompatibility in Nigeria. In 50 jaundiced babies who were ABO-incompatible it was found that the mean serum bilirubin level was significantly higher in outpatients than inpatients; this difference was probably due to the delay in recognizing jaundice among the outpatients and, possibly also to the slightly higher number of G-6-PD deficient babies in the same group, and their greater exposure to icterogenic agents. The results of serological studies suggest that ABO-incompatibility was responsible for neonatal jaundice in only 36% of these babies. Among the inpatients the need for exchange blood transfusion was more common in babies of mothers with immune anti-A or anti-B titres of 1:64 or more (P less than 0.001). Neonates at risk of ABO-haemolytic disease can be identified at birth by direct positive Coombs test and detection of immune anti-A or anti-B antibodies in the mother's serum.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1993

Electrophysiologic studies in an infant with Möbius syndrome.

The electrophysiologic findings in an infant with congenital facial diplegia (Möbius syndrome) are presented. As to serial electrically elicited blink reflexes, the R1 amplitude was significantly reduced and the R2 latency was significantly prolonged. The M response of the orbicularis oculi muscle showed slightly reduced amplitude. Auditory brainstem responses exhibited a prolonged time between waves I and V and reduced amplitude of wave V on the right side. Somatosensory evoked potentials and visual evoked potentials were normal. These findings suggest some degree of impairment of the peripheral facial nerve, and brainstem dysfunction including the pons and lateral medulla.

Blinking↗
PubMed1997

Soluble form of selectins in blood of patients with acute myocardial infarction and coronary intervention.

Soluble (s) P-selectin, sE-selectin, sL-selectin and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) levels were examined by monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay on serum samples taken from nine patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and eight patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) before and after the successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). In patients with acute phase of AMI, the levels (mean +/- SEM) of sP-selectin (110 +/- 18 ng/ml) and sE-selectin (54 +/- 15 ng/ml) before PTCA, were significantly higher than those in the SAP group, the values being 44 +/ 27 and 21 +/- 4 ng/ml (p < 0.05), respectively. After recanalization, the levels of sE-selectin and sL-selectin were significantly decreased (sE-selectin 54 +/- 15 to 42 +/- 11 ng/ml, sL-selectin 1104 +/- 106 to 891 +/- 59 ng/ml, P < 0.05, respectively). These findings suggest that the presence of activated and/or injured endothelial cells, which may be involved in the plaque disruption or intraluminal thrombosis in AMI region and that the inflammatory process may be altered after reperfusion therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Direct regulation of bone resorption of chick embryonic femur in organ culture by the change of calcium or phosphate ion concentration in the medium.

Bone resorbing activity was determined in organ culture by following the change of biological half life of 45Ca (T1/2) incorporated into bone salts of chick embryonic femur. The elevation of calcium or phosphate ion in the medium brought about an increase of T1/2, indicating that the bone resorption was inhibited. Conversely, the decrease of calcium or phosphate content in the medium resulted in the decrease of T1/2. A change of the magnesium ion concentration in the medium had no discernible effect on T1/2. These results suggest that a direct regulating system exists between bone resorption of chick embryonic femur and calcium or phosphate content in the medium and this phenomenon is specific for calcium or phosphate ion.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support aids resuscitation from sustained ventricular tachycardia.

A 67-year-old man was transferred to hospital because of acute circulatory failure resulting from sustained left ventricular tachycardia (LVT) and dysfunction. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severely impaired left ventricular contraction and dyskinesis of the apical wall. Neither anti-arrhythmic agents nor direct current cardioversion was effective; the patient was resuscitated by immediate use of percutaneous cardiopulmonary support and intraaortic balloon counterpulsation. Ventricular contraction returned to normal following restoration of normal sinus rhythm with amiodarone and cibenzoline. The pathogenesis of LVT accompanied by transient ventricular dyskinesis is discussed with regard to the efficient use of a mechanical circulatory support system in resuscitation.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Primary cardiac malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the right ventricular infundibulum treated with a cavo-pulmonary shunt and coronary embolization.

A 51-year-old woman presented with progressive right ventricular infundibular wall thickening and outflow obstruction. She had had an aorto-coronary bypass for left main coronary artery disease 1 year after radiation therapy for left mammary cancer. Enhanced computed tomography showed a mass in the right ventricular free wall with no connection to the mediastinum; the tumor extended into the main pulmonary artery, but there was no other evidence of a primary or metastatic tumor. A biopsy specimen was obtained and based on the microscopic and immuno-histochemical findings (vimentin and Kp-1 positive) the diagnosis was primary cardiac malignant fibrous histiocytoma, which is very rare. A cavo-pulmonary artery connection lessened her symptoms, but embolization of the coronary artery to try and to reduce the mass had minimal effect. Four months after the tumor was diagnosed she died of extended pulmonary artery obstruction.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed2001

Vagal stimulation prior to atrial rapid pacing protects the atrium from electrical remodeling in anesthetized dogs.

Atrial electrical remodeling is thought to be the cause of the maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). Although the initiation and maintenance of AF is partially associated with autonomic nervous tone, vagally mediated AF does not tend to become permanent. Therefore, the effects of preceding vagal stimulation (VS) on the atrial effective refractory period (ERP) under electrical remodeling conditions were investigated in anesthetized dogs. Atrial ERPs were measured at 5 sites before and after a 7-h period of atrial rapid pacing in the control group. In the VS group, the vagus nerve was stimulated for 20 min before a period of atrial rapid pacing. Atrial rapid pacing shortened the ERP at each site in the control group (electrical remodeling). On the other hand, atrial rapid pacing after VS did not shorten the ERP at any site in the VS group. Tetrodotoxin, which was administered into the fatty tissue overlying the right atrial side of the right pulmonary vein junctions, blocked the protective effect of VS against the shortening of the ERP induced by atrial rapid pacing. In contrast, atropine did not interfere with such protective effects. These results suggest that VS prior to atrial rapid pacing protects the atrium from atrial electrical remodeling.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed2001

Emotional stress-induced 'ampulla cardiomyopathy': discrepancy between the metabolic and sympathetic innervation imaging performed during the recovery course.

Four patients had the clinical features of 'ampulla cardiomyopathy', consisting of acute-onset transient left ventricular apical akinesis with basal normokinesis, normal coronary angiogram, ST-segment elevation and subsequent giant T wave inversion, which mimicked acute coronary syndrome, the onset of which occurred shortly after extreme mental stress. Myocardial necrosis was minimal, although 2 patients showed elevated serum catecholamine levels in the acute phase. Each patient underwent serial cardiac radionuclide single-photon emission computed tomography of myocardial functional sympathetic innervation, fatty acid metabolism and perfusion using I-123-metaiodobenzyl-guanidine (MIBG), I-123-beta-metyl-iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) and thallium-201 (201Tl), respectively. In the acute phase, MIBG and BMIPP imaging showed an uptake defect in the apical region, whereas 201Tl uptake was mildly decreased. When assessed semi-quantitatively, the MIBG images had higher defect scores from the acute phase throughout the year of observation compared with BMIPP, and 201Tl. These observations suggest that the primary cause of ampulla cardiomyopathy is related to a disturbance of the cardiac sympathetic innervation.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed2003

A middle-ear simulator for practicing prosthesis placement for otosclerosis surgery using ward-based materials.

Complications following stapedectomy are the most common cause of litigation involving otological cases in the USA. Manipulation and placement of the prosthesis during a stapedectomy may have a profound effect on the final hearing results. Concerns have been raised over the reduced number of cases, training of residents, and the maintenance of the necessary skills to achieve consistently good results. Temporal bone dissection is an important adjunct to developing the required skills to perform stapedectomies. However the reduced availability of specimens limits their use for teaching or practising the procedure. In order to circumvent these problems an inexpensive and easily constructed middle-ear simulator has been developed based on materials readily available in any ENT ward. It is believed that this might help trainees develop the necessary skills to master the procedure.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Transient ST elevation and left ventricular asynergy associated with normal coronary artery in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

A 62-year-old woman presented with transient ST segment elevation and left ventricular asynergy in an acute phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A coronary arteriogram during ongoing ST elevation showed no fixed stenoses or spasm. These findings refute epicardial coronary vasospasm as a cause of transient ST elevation and left ventricular asynergy in patients with SAH.

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMed2005

A critical increase in right-to-left shunt after acute myocardial infarction in a 68-year-old male with tetralogy of Fallot.

A male patient with tetralogy of Fallot accompanied by aortic regurgitation had maintained sufficient exercise capacity for a number of decades with the status of acyanotic tetralogy of Fallot. When he was 67 years old, he suffered a posterior wall acute myocardial infarction and direct percutaneous coronary angioplasty successfully revascularised the target lesion in the left circumflex artery. However, a few months after the onset of the myocardial infarction, his shortness of breath became clinically significant and was associated with increased right-to-left shunt and increased right ventricular end-diastolic pressure, as well as hypoxia. At 68 years old, therefore, total corrective repair of the tetralogy with replacement of the aortic and pulmonary valves was performed. The patient was asymptomatic after the successful operation. This report suggests that coronary artery disease can be one of the potential factors in inducing critical hemodynamic changes in aging patients with congenital heart disease, especially those who have a shunt between the right and left chambers. The unique clinical course is described with some discussion of the repair of tetralogy in adults.

Aged↗